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INTRODUCTION: The lateral medicine ball throw (LMBT) test is used to evaluate the throwing action, involving the entire kinetic chain and the principle of force transfer, with association between the strength of the lower limb and trunk muscles and the lower limb kinematics. The LMBT to investigate the association between lower limb kinematics and hip and trunk muscle strength. EXPERIMENTAL: This was a cross-sectional study with 84 healthy and physically active young people. Determinations were made of the maximum isometric strengths of the hip abductor, lateral rotator, extensor, and flexor muscles, and the trunk lateral flexors and extensors. Kinematic analyses (2D) of the hip, knee, and ankle in the sagittal and frontal planes were performed during the countermovement phase of the LMBT, together with quantification of LMBT. Statistical analysis of the associations employed multiple linear regression, with α = 5%. RESULTS: There were significant associations between the LMBT and the independent variables hip extensors strength, trunk flexors strength, valgus angle, and knee flexion angle and gender. The regression model presented adjusted R2 = 0.622. CONCLUSIONS: LMBT was influenced by the trunk flexor and hip extensor muscle strengths, knee flexion kinematics, lower limb valgus in the countermovement phase, and gender.
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Extremidad Inferior , Fuerza Muscular , Músculo Esquelético , Torso , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Masculino , Femenino , Fenómenos Biomecánicos/fisiología , Extremidad Inferior/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Torso/fisiología , Cadera/fisiología , Adulto , Rango del Movimiento Articular/fisiología , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The survival of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has improved due to changes in the treatment and the disease diagnosis. A significant advance was the incorporation of asparaginase. However, hypersensitivity reactions are a common cause of early discontinuation of this drug. AIM: The proposed study aims to evaluate early interruptions and the influence of the number of asparaginase doses effectively administered on the prognosis of patients with ALL. METHODS AND RESULTS: An observational cohort study was carried out, with retrospective data collection, in medical records. The prognostic variables indicated in the protocol applied were used, and the principal outcomes were 5 years event-free survival (EFS) and 5 years of overall survival (OS) probability. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPPS 20.0 and R. In Cox's proportional hazards model for EFS and OS, variables of prognostic importance (n = 126 children) were: high-risk group (HGR), by the protocol classification, and less than 10 doses of asparaginase. The increased risk of events and death in HGR, who did less than 10 doses, was 3.6 and 7 times, respectively. The study did not show statistical significance for the number of asparaginase doses in patients who were not at high risk. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that the early interruption of asparaginase treatment could negatively impact the prognosis of patients with ALL, especially HGR, reinforcing the need for careful diagnosis of reactions and the availability of alternative types of asparaginase.
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Antineoplásicos , Asparaginasa , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Asparaginasa/administración & dosificación , Asparaginasa/efectos adversos , Niño , Humanos , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/diagnóstico , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/tratamiento farmacológico , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Performance tests of the upper limb have been frequently used in the evaluation of individuals to identify risk of injury and to determine improvement in physical performance. Understanding the variables related to the performance of the tests is important for better applicability and interpretation of test results. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investige the correlation between isometric strength of scapular, shoulder and spine muscles with physical performance test of upper limb in men and women. EXPERIMENTAL: Forty-nine healthy and physically conditioned individuals, men (n = 24) (22,7 ± 3,2 years; 74,6 ± 8,1 Kg; 176,7 ± 7,1 cm) women (n = 25) (23 ± 2,7 years; 61,5 ± 9,1 Kg; 163,2 ± 5,6 cm), were evaluated for shoulder abductor isometric strength (S-ABD); Middle (MT) and lower (LT) trapezium; lateral shoulder rotators (S-LR); flexors (T-FLEX), lateral incliners (T-INCL), and trunk extenders (T-EXT). Evaluation of upper limb physical performance was carried out by Upper Quarter Y Balance test (YBT-UQ) and Chain upper extremity stability test (CKC-UEST). Pearson's test (r values) p ≤ 0.05 was used to analyze the correlation. RESULTS: The results reveal strong correlations between S-ABD and CKC-UEST in male group; and strong correlations in female group between S-ABD strength with CKC-UEST; and S-LR with all YBT-UQ directions and score and between T-EXT strength with CKC-UEST. CONCLUSION: Therefore, strength of shoulder and spine stabilizers influences performance in upper limb tests, but with different correlations as to sex. To improve test performance, it may be important to increase the strength of the shoulder and spine muscles.
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Fuerza Muscular , Hombro , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Rendimiento Físico Funcional , Extremidad SuperiorRESUMEN
Objetivos: analisar a constitucionalidade da Emenda Constitucional (EC) nº 95/2016, em especial, cotejando os pisos de aplicação mínima nas ações e serviços públicos de saúde frente às disposições constitucionais garantidoras de financiamento adequado. Especificamente, foram confrontadas as projeções de financiamento do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em face do princípio de vedação ao retrocesso dos direitos sociais. Metodologia: foram realizadas pesquisas teóricas e análises documentais, com base na revisão da literatura e dos dispositivos legais pertinentes, aos quais se agregou a dados empíricos, de maneira a observar indiretamente o fenômeno analisado, através do procedimento técnico da revisão documental. Resultados: a EC nº 95/2016 afronta as diretrizes constitucionais da integralidade e universalidade que regem o SUS, já que tende a agravar o déficit de financiamento do Sistema, impedindo o oferecimento adequado e progressivo de ações e serviços públicos de saúde (ASPS) para a população. Discussão: o novo regime fiscal instituído pela Emenda deve viger por duas décadas, valendo até 2036. O discurso oficial argumentava pela necessidade de um novo sistema de despesas públicas, sob a tônica da limitação de gastos e investimentos públicos, sobretudo nos bens e serviços sociais, como medida capaz de retomar o crescimento da economia. Conclusões: os limites de gastos público previstos na EC nº 95/2016 agravam a inefetividade do direito à saúde e afrontam premissa constitucional de garantia de financiamento adequado e progressivo das ASPS, subvertendo a lógica de instrumentalidade dos orçamentos e dos recursos públicos em nome da austeridade fiscal. Para além disso, afronta o princípio da vedação ao retrocesso ao impor uma regressividade ao custeio do Sistema.
Objectives: to analyze the constitutionality of the Constitutional Amendment n. 95/2016, focusing especially on the minimum standard of public investments on health care provisions, in light of the constitutional norms that impose its adequate financing, by confronting the financing projections of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) with the non-regression clause on social rights. Methodology: theoretical research and documentary analysis were made, based on literature and corresponding legal norms review, alongside with empirical data, so as to indirectly observe the analyzed phenomenon, through the technical procedure of documentary review. Results: the Constitutional Amendment n. 95/2016 transgresses the guidelines of integrality and universality, which rules the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) as it tends to increase the System's financing deficit, which prevents the population from having access to adequate and progressive public health care provisions. Discussion: the new fiscal regime implemented by the Amendment will go on for two decades, until 2036. Official discourse pleas the need for a new public expenditure system, stressed by the limitation of public expenses and investments mostly on social services and provisions, as a way of achieving economy growth. Conclusions: public expenditure limits established by the Constitutional Amendment n. 95/2016 increases the ineffectiveness of the right to health and violates the constitutional premise of guaranteeing adequate and progressive financing for public health care provisions, subverting the instrumental aspect of public budgets and resources for the sake of fiscal austerity. Besides, it violates the non regression clause of social rights, as it imposes a regression on the financing instruments to the System's.
Objetivos: analizar la constitucionalidad de la Enmienda Constitucional n. 95/2016, cotejándose especialmente los límites mínimos de aplicación en las acciones y servicios de la salud pública (ASPS) frente a las disposiciones constitucionales que garantizan el funcionamiento del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) y al principio de no retroceso de los derechos sociales. Metodología: se realizaron investigaciones teóricas y análisis documentales, teniendo por base la revisión de la literatura y de las disposiciones legales pertinentes, lo que se agregó a datos empíricos, para observarse indirectamente el fenómeno analizado, a través del procedimiento técnico de revisión documental. Resultados: la Enmienda Constitucional n. 95/2016 afronta a las directivas constitucionales de integralidad y universalidad, que rigen el SUS, pues tiende a agravar el déficit de financiación del sistema, lo que impide la oferta adecuada y progresiva de ASPS a la población. Discusión: el nuevo régimen fiscal instituído por la Enmienda deve vigorar por dos décadas, hasta el 2036. El discurso oficial argumentaba acerca de la necesidad de un nuevo sistema de gastos públicos, bajo la tónica de la limitación de los gastos e inversiones públicas, especialmente en lo que toca a los bienes y servicios sociales, en cuanto medida capaz de retomar el crecimiento de la economía. Conclusiones: los límites a los gastos públicos previstos por la Enmienda Constitucional n. 95/2016 agravan la inefectividad del derecho a la salud y afrontan la premisa constitucional de garantía de financiación adecuada y progresiva de las ASPS, subvirtiendo la lógica instrumental de los presupuestos y recursos públicos, en nombre de la austeridad fiscal. Más allá, afronta al principio de no retroceso, al imponer regresividad a la financiación del Sistema.
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Several studies have shown that the median raphe nucleus (MRN) is involved in anxiety. However, no study assessed the role of 5-HT mechanisms of MRN in both freezing and fear-potentiated startle (FPS) within a single form of conditioned learning. In this work we examined the effects of neurotoxic lesions of the MRN with NMDA on freezing and FPS of rats submitted to a contextual fear conditioning paradigm, in which they were tested in the same chamber where they received foot-shocks 24 h before. Compared to controls NMDA-injected rats showed a reduction of freezing and FPS in response to contextual cues. Next, we examined the effects of stimulation of 5-HT1A somatodendritic autoreceptors of the MRN with local injections of 8-OH-DPAT either before training or testing sessions conducted 2 or 24 h post-conditioning. Pre-training injections of 8-OH-DPAT intra-MRN reduced both freezing and FPS whereas post-training injections reduced only freezing to the aversive context without changing the FPS. Thus, freezing is easily disrupted by post-training MRN injections of 8-OH-DPAT while memory for FPS remained unchanged. It is proposed that the consolidation of contextual conditioned fear promoting freezing takes place through a slow mechanism of transference of information through 5-HT mechanisms of the MRN-hippocampus pathway. On the other hand, a rapid fear conditioning process operates for FPS, probably through other pathways.