RESUMEN
Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) caused by Leishmania infantum commonly progresses with renal and ophthalmic lesions associated with active systemic disease. As chronic inflammation related to immune complex deposits is a pathophysiological factor in the development of both glomerulonephritis and uveitis, we aimed to evaluate renal and ocular histopathological lesions and analyze whether they were related to each other and the clinical degree of the disease. For that, we evaluated 15 dogs from CanL-endemic areas. L. infantum PCR-positive dogs were studied according to disease severity into two different groups: Group-1 (G1) had data from seven dogs with mild to moderate CanL and no history of treatment, and G2 was formed with eight dogs with severe to terminal disease that had not responded to CanL treatment. Histopathological analysis of kidneys showed higher frequencies and intensities of glomerular basement membrane thickening (p = 0.026), deposits in glomeruli (p = 0.016), epithelial necrosis (p = 0.020), tubular dilatation (p = 0.003) and interstitial fibrosis (p = 0.04) in G2 dogs than in G1 dogs. Surprisingly, the histopathology of eye bulbs showed a higher frequency and intensity of retinitis (p = 0.019) in G1 dogs than in G2 dogs. The comparative analysis showed that there was no correspondence between histopathological findings in kidneys versus eyes in milder or more severe CanL. Our findings suggested that (1) clinically undetectable eye alterations can be more precocious than those in kidneys in the development of CanL, and (2) the lower frequency of eye lesions and higher frequency of renal lesions in dogs with terminal disease even after treatment indicate that therapy may have been effective in reducing CanL-associated ophthalmic disease but not proportionally in reducing kidney disease.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Riñón , Leishmania infantum , Leishmaniasis Visceral , Animales , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Masculino , Riñón/patología , Riñón/parasitología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Leishmaniasis Visceral/patología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/parasitología , Femenino , Ojo/patología , Ojo/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Serodiagnosis of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs relies on the detection of antibodies against leishmanial crude extracts or parasitic defined antigens. The expansion of canine leishmaniasis from geographical areas of Brazil in which the infection is endemic to regions in which the disease is emerging is occurring. This fact makes necessary the analysis of the serodiagnostic capabilities of different leishmanial preparations in distinct geographical locations. In this article sera from dogs infected with Leishmania and showing the clinical form of the disease, were collected in three distinct Brazilian States and were tested against soluble leishmanial antigens or seven parasite individual antigens produced as recombinant proteins. We show that the recognition of soluble leishmanial antigens by sera from these animals was influenced by the geographical location of the infected dogs. Efficacy of the diagnosis based on this crude parasite preparation was higher in newly endemic regions when compared with areas of high disease endemicity. We also show that the use of three of the recombinant proteins, namely parasite surface kinetoplastid membrane protein of 11â¯kDa (KMP-11), and two members of the P protein family (P2a and P0), can improve the degree of sensitivity without adversely affecting the specificity of the diagnostic assays for canine leishmaniasis, independently of the geographical area of residence. In addition, sera from dogs clinically healthy but infected were also assayed with some of the antigen preparations. We demonstrate that the use of these proteins can help to the serodiagnosis of Leishmania infected animals with subclinical infections. Finally, we propose a diagnostic protocol using a combination of KMP-11, P2a y P0, together with total leishmanial extracts.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is almost always lethal if not treated, but most infections with the causative agents are clinically silent. Mannan-binding lectin (MBL), an opsonin, is a candidate molecule for modifying progression to VL because it may enhance infection with intracellular pathogens. Mutations in the MBL2 gene decrease levels of MBL and may protect against development of VL. This case-control study examines genotypes of MBL2 and levels of MBL in individuals presenting with different outcomes of infection with Leishmania chagasi. METHODS: Genotypes for MBL2 and levels of serum MBL were determined in uninfected control subjects (n=76) and in individuals presenting with asymptomatic infection (n=90) or VL (n=69). RESULTS: Genotypes resulting in high levels of MBL were more frequent (odds ratio [OR], 2.5 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-5.0]; P=.006) among individuals with VL than among those with asymptomatic infections and were even more frequent (OR, 3.97 [95% CI, 1.10-14.38]; P=.043) among cases of VL presenting with clinical complications than among those with uneventful courses. Serum levels of MBL were higher (P=.011) in individuals with VL than in asymptomatic infections . CONCLUSIONS: Genotypes of the MBL2 gene predict the risk for developing VL and clinical complications in infections with L. chagasi.
Asunto(s)
Leishmania infantum/patogenicidad , Leishmaniasis Visceral/genética , Lectina de Unión a Manosa/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Susceptibilidad a Enfermedades , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Lactante , Leishmaniasis Visceral/clasificación , Leishmaniasis Visceral/inmunología , Masculino , Lectina de Unión a Manosa/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadística como AsuntoRESUMEN
The term Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLV) is used to designate the ethiological agents of the Caprine Arthritis-encephalitis and Maedi Visna, iIInesses that are disseminated in severaI parts of the world. The purpose of this paper was to report the occurrence of antibodies against SRLV in goats from 24 flocks of nine municipalities in the State of Piauí. Three hundred and sixty samples of caprine serum were tested using CAEV-cork antigen by agar gel immunodiffusion test. Positive results were registered in nine serum samples. Most positive animals were of pure breed (6 Anglo-Nubian and 2 Boer); being only one of an undefined breed. It was concluded that there is a necessity of adoption of effective sanitary control measures, in order to minimize the risks of SRLV propagation to the major caprine population of the state, formed mainly by undefined breed animals.
O termo Lentivirus de Pequenos Ruminantes (LVPR) é utilizado para designar os agentes etiológicos da Artrite-encefalite Caprina e Maedi Visna, enfermidades que estão disseminadas em várias partes do mundo. Neste trabalho, investigou-se a presença de anticorpos contra LVPR em caprinos pertencentes a 24 rebanhos de nove municípios de 5 Microrregiões Homogêneas do Estado do Piauí. Testou-se 360 soros caprinos através do teste de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA), usando-se antígeno nucleoproteico, amostra CAEV-Cork. Os resultados demonstraram que nove (2,5%) animais reagiram positivamente. A maioria dos animais positivos era de raça pura (6 Anglo Nubiana e 2 Boer); apenas 1 era Sem Raça Definda -SRD. Conclui-se que há necessidade de adoção de efetivas medidas sanitárias de controle, a fim de minimizar os riscos da propagação dos LVPR á grande população caprina do Estado, formada principalmente por animas SRD.
RESUMEN
The term Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLV) is used to designate the ethiological agents of the Caprine Arthritis-encephalitis and Maedi Visna, iIInesses that are disseminated in severaI parts of the world. The purpose of this paper was to report the occurrence of antibodies against SRLV in goats from 24 flocks of nine municipalities in the State of Piauí. Three hundred and sixty samples of caprine serum were tested using CAEV-cork antigen by agar gel immunodiffusion test. Positive results were registered in nine serum samples. Most positive animals were of pure breed (6 Anglo-Nubian and 2 Boer); being only one of an undefined breed. It was concluded that there is a necessity of adoption of effective sanitary control measures, in order to minimize the risks of SRLV propagation to the major caprine population of the state, formed mainly by undefined breed animals.
O termo Lentivirus de Pequenos Ruminantes (LVPR) é utilizado para designar os agentes etiológicos da Artrite-encefalite Caprina e Maedi Visna, enfermidades que estão disseminadas em várias partes do mundo. Neste trabalho, investigou-se a presença de anticorpos contra LVPR em caprinos pertencentes a 24 rebanhos de nove municípios de 5 Microrregiões Homogêneas do Estado do Piauí. Testou-se 360 soros caprinos através do teste de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA), usando-se antígeno nucleoproteico, amostra CAEV-Cork. Os resultados demonstraram que nove (2,5%) animais reagiram positivamente. A maioria dos animais positivos era de raça pura (6 Anglo Nubiana e 2 Boer); apenas 1 era Sem Raça Definda -SRD. Conclui-se que há necessidade de adoção de efetivas medidas sanitárias de controle, a fim de minimizar os riscos da propagação dos LVPR á grande população caprina do Estado, formada principalmente por animas SRD.