RESUMEN
The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, has caused serious harm to livestock raising in Brazil, considering the costs of controlling it, loss of revenue due to smaller production of milk and meat, and damage to leather, in addition to transmitting diseases. The use of medicinal plants is considered an alternative to the recurring resistance to chemicals. Due to the need for efficient alternatives with less environmental impact, this study aimed to develop contact formulations with essential oils from the Java citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) plants and to assess in vitro the effects in different stages of the tick cycle. In the present study, concentrations from 0.5-15.0% of the essential oils incorporated in the formulations were used. The ticks from different geographical areas were treated with those formulations, and their effects on the production levels of eggs, on the larvae hatching, and their efficiency on ticks were assessed. The obtained results were compared with other commercial acaricidal products. After the 20th day of treatment, the formulations with citronella essential oil had 2.09-55.51% efficiency, depending on the concentration of the oil incorporated. The efficiency of the treatment with formulations containing clove essential oil was higher, from 92.47-100%. The results showed the acaricidal effects of the formulations tested when compared to commercial chemical products. In vivo studies should be performed in order to assess the efficiency of those formulations in the fields, aiming to use these products as an alternative for controlling cattle ticks.
Asunto(s)
Acaricidas , Cymbopogon/química , Aceites Volátiles , Extractos Vegetales , Rhipicephalus , Syzygium/química , Acaricidas/química , Monoterpenos Acíclicos , Aldehídos/análisis , Animales , Brasil , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Eugenol/análisis , Femenino , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Monoterpenos/análisis , Aceites Volátiles/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/parasitología , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/prevención & control , Infestaciones por Garrapatas/veterinariaRESUMEN
Sesame oil is widely consumed as nutritious food, cooking oil, and in pharmaceuticals and food. In this study, the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the sesame oil and sesamin were investigated. The sesame oil and sesamin reduced the number of abdominal contortions at the doses 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg. The first and second phases of the time paw licking were inhibited by sesame oil and sesamin (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg). After 90 min of treatment, sesame oil and sesamin increased the reaction time on a hot plate (200 or 400 mg/kg). Considering the tail-immersion assay, the sesame oil and sesamin produced significant effect after 60 min at the doses of 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg. After 4 h of application of the carrageenan, the sesame oil and sesamin were effective against the paw edema. The exudate volume and leucocyte migration were also reduced by sesame oil and sesamin. These results suggest that sesamin is one of the active compounds found in sesame oil and justify the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of this product.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Dioxoles/farmacología , Lignanos/farmacología , Aceite de Sésamo/farmacología , Ácido Acético/administración & dosificación , Ácido Acético/efectos adversos , Animales , Carragenina/administración & dosificación , Carragenina/efectos adversos , Edema/inducido químicamente , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Formaldehído/administración & dosificación , Formaldehído/efectos adversos , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Ratones , Nocicepción/efectos de los fármacos , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Pleuresia/inducido químicamente , Pleuresia/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Pruebas de Toxicidad AgudaRESUMEN
Obesity is a serious public health issue of epidemic proportions. Although drug therapy is one of the therapeutic approaches, it should be preceded by a change in eating habits along with regular exercise. This study assessed prescription of such drugs in 2009, in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data were collected from consumption bulletins sent monthly to the municipal sanitary surveillance agency (VISA), and from the Brazilian National Management System of Controlled Products. Of the 7,759 notifications assessed, 93.3% were dispensed by prescription pharmacies and 6.7% by drugstores. Of that total, 55.4% were for amphepramone, 33.1% for femproporex, and 11.5% for mazindol. The three drugs had a larger consumption rate in the municipality (daily defined dose/1,000 inhabitants/day) than in the country as a whole, during the period under study. The professional with the highest prescription rate was responsible for 3,535 prescriptions. All of these were dispensed by prescription pharmacies, a single outlet being responsible for 99.5% of these prescriptions. This scenario shows that anorectic psychotropic drug prescription is a relevant public health issue and the criteria for monitoring the prescription and consumption of these drugs should be re-evaluated.