RESUMEN
A reversed-phase HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of hypericins and stabilized hyperforin in St. John's wort extract. The sample solution was prepared by extraction of the finely powdered extract with methanol-water (80:20, v/v) containing 5% HP-beta-cyclodextrin, and adjusted to pH 2.5 with orthophosphoric acid. Diluted extract solutions, maintained at 0 degrees C, were injected into a C18 column. The samples were eluted isocratically using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.3% v/v phosphoric acid (90:10, v/v) at a 1.5 ml/min flow rate with simultaneous fluorescence (315/590 nm, excitation/emission) and UV (273 nm) detection. Quantification of the marker compounds (hypericin, pseudohypericin, hyperforin) was achieved by use of standard curves generated by plotting peak heights versus concentrations. Validation studies demonstrated that this HPLC method is simple, rapid, reliable, and reproducible. The standard curves were linear over the concentration ranges, 0.5-2.5 microg/ml (hypericin), 0.35-1.6 microg/ml (pseudohypericin) and 5-50 microg/ml (hyperforin). The intra-day coefficients of variation obtained for hypericin, pseudohypericin and hyperforin were < or = 4.4%, < or = 5.4%, and < or = 2.8%, respectively; inter-day CVs were < or = 5.8%, < or = 4.9%, and < or = 2.5%, respectively. This method may be applied for the routine standardization of St. John's wort products against hyperforin and the hypericins, the putative antidepressant principles in the herbal.
Asunto(s)
Hypericum/química , Perileno/análogos & derivados , Perileno/análisis , Terpenos/análisis , Antracenos , Compuestos Bicíclicos con Puentes , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Floroglucinol/análogos & derivados , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , SolucionesRESUMEN
Study plots totaling 0.2 Ha were established in primary forest in the highlands of central Palawan Island, Philippines. Samples of various anatomical parts [typically leaf + twig (If/tw), stem bark (sb), and root (rt)] were collected from all tree species represented within the plots by individuals having a diameter at breast height > or = 10 cm. In all, 211 distinct samples were obtained from 68 tree species, representing 35 families (not including samples from 4 indeterminate species). Methanol extracts of these samples were tested in in vitro antiplasmodial, brine shrimp toxicity, and cytotoxicity assays. The following samples showed an IC50 < or = 10 microg/mL against either chloroquine-sensitive or chloroquine-resistant clones of Plasmodium falciparum: Acronychia laurifolia (sb), Agathis celebica (lf/tw), Aglaia sp. 1 (sb), Aglaia sp. 2 (lf/tw, rt), Bhesa sp. 1 (rt), Cinnamomum griffithii (lf/tw), Croton leiophyllus (rt), Dysoxylum cauliflorum (rt), Garcinia macgregorii (sb), Lithocarpus sp. 1 (rt, sb), Meliosma pinnata ssp. macrophylla (lf/tw, rt), Myristica guatteriifolia (lf/tw), Ochrosia glomerata (rt, sb), Swintonia foxworthyi (lf/tw), Syzygium sp. 1 (rt), Turpinia pomifera (rt), and Xanthophyllum flavescens (sb). Secondly, those samples which displayed > or = 50% immobilization of brine shrimp at 100 microg/mL were: Acronychia laurifolia (lf/tw/fruit, rt, sb), Agathis celebica (lf/tw, sb), Aglaia sp. 1 (lf/tw), Alphonsea sp. 1 (rt), Ardisia iwahigensis (lf/tw), Arthrophyllum ahernianum (lf/tw, rt, sb), Castanopsis cf. evansii (rt), Cinnamomum griffithii (lf/tw, rt), Croton argyratus (lf/tw), C. leiophyllus (lf/tw, rt), Dysoxylum cauliflorum (fruit, lf/tw, rt), Euonymus javanicus (rt), Glochidion sp. 1 (rt), Polyosma sp. 1 (rt), Symplocos polyandra (rt), Timonius gammillii (sb), and Xanthophyllum flavescens (rt). Lastly, samples which exhibited an IC50 < or = 20 microg/mL against one or more of the cancer cell lines employed (LU1, KB, KB-V1, P-388, LNCaP, or ZR-75-1) include: Acronychia laurifolia (lf/tw/fruit, rt, sb), Aglaia sp. 1 (sb), Aglaia sp. 2 (rt), Alphonsea sp. 1 (rt), Ardisia iwahigensis (lf/tw, rt, sb), Astronia cumingiana (sb), Croton argyratus (lf/tw, rt, sb), C. leiophyllus (lf/tw, rt), Dimorphocalyx murina (lf/tw, rt, sb), Lithocarpus caudatifolius (rt, sb), Litsea cf. sibuyanensis (rt), Syzygium cf. attenuatum (rt, sb), S. confertum (sb), Ternstroemia gitingensis (rt), and Ternstroemia sp. 1 (rt, sb).
Asunto(s)
Artemia/efectos de los fármacos , Plantas Medicinales , Plasmodium falciparum/efectos de los fármacos , Árboles , Animales , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Parasitaria , Filipinas , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidadRESUMEN
For more than 30 years, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been used as standards in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Serious and often life-threatening adverse effects due to these agents are common. Clinical findings have revealed that glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate are effective and safer alternatives to alleviate symptoms of OA. Experimental evidence indicates that these compounds and their low molecular weight derivatives have a particular tropism for cartilage where they serve as substrates in the biosynthesis of component building blocks. This paper is a literature review of the chemistry, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and safety of these two nutraceuticals.
Asunto(s)
Condroitín/uso terapéutico , Glucosamina/uso terapéutico , Osteoartritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Condroitín/efectos adversos , Condroitín/farmacocinética , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Glucosamina/efectos adversos , Glucosamina/farmacocinética , HumanosRESUMEN
In order to evaluate the effectiveness of a new vaccine against human leptospirosis, a prospective cohort study was done with persons in the Cuban province of Holguín who were at risk of becoming ill with leptospirosis. The study included 118,018 persons from 15 to 65 years old who were considered to face either permanent or temporary risk. The vaccinated cohort consisted of 101,137 persons. They received two vaccine doses, 6 weeks apart, of 0.50 mL via deep intramuscular injection into the deltoid muscle of the nondominant arm. The unvaccinated cohort consisted of 16,881 persons. Epidemiological surveillance began 21 days after the application of the second vaccine dose and continued for 1 year. The same criteria for suspected and confirmed cases were maintained throughout the study period. At the end of the surveillance period effectiveness was calculated as being higher than 97%. It is estimated that the vaccination program prevented eight out of ten cases that would have otherwise occurred. Vaccine reactogenicity was also measured in a subsample of 1,500 persons between 15 and 65 years old. The observed symptomatology was low. Slight pain at the injection site was the most frequent symptom (25%). The results of the study indicate the usefulness of the vaccine for disease prevention among people at risk, and its use is thus recommended.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas Bacterianas/uso terapéutico , Leptospira/inmunología , Leptospirosis/prevención & control , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Vacunas Bacterianas/efectos adversos , Vacunas Bacterianas/inmunología , Estudios de Cohortes , Cuba , Femenino , Humanos , Esquemas de Inmunización , Inyecciones Intramusculares/métodos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , RiesgoRESUMEN
A methanol extract of leaves and twigs from Ardisia iwahigensis demonstrated toxicity toward brine shrimp as well as LNCaP, ZR-75-1, and Lu1 human cancer cells in culture. A novel alkenylphenol, (Z)-1,16-bis(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-10-hexadecene-1,15-dione (ardisenone) (1), was isolated from the extract by bioassay-directed fractionation. This compound demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity against BC1, Lu1, Col2, KB, KB-V1, and LNCaP cell lines.