RESUMEN
ANTECEDENTES: Pese a las diversas estrategias implementadas en materia de educación sexual y prevención de ITS, las cifras de la Décima Encuesta Nacional de Juventud revelan que poco más de la mitad de los jóvenes utilizaron condón en su última relación sexual. Se han descrito diversos predictores sociodemográficos, culturales y psicológicos, pero no se observan estudios recientes en Chile que los aborden. Objetivo: Examinar la relación de determinantes sociales, roles de género y sintomatología de salud mental con el uso de condón en jóvenes chilenos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron datos secundarios emanados de la Décima Encuesta Nacional de Juventud. La muestra analítica estuvo compuesta por 5.507 jóvenes que habían iniciado su vida sexual. Se realizaron modelos de regresión logística binomial múltiple a través de estimaciones de datos basadas en encuestas. RESULTADOS: Los jóvenes de mayor edad, las mujeres, las personas que se identifican con alguna etnia, quienes están en una relación de pareja y aquellos diagnosticados con alguna ITS tienen menos probabilidad de usar condón en su última relación sexual. CONCLUSIÓN: Las características individuales contribuyen a explicar la adherencia a conductas preventivas, pudiendo reflejar dinámicas subyacentes con factores psicológicos y culturales que deben ser analizados. Identificar los factores socio estructurales, culturales y psicológicos asociados a las conductas sexuales preventivas y de protección debería transformarse en una prioridad sanitaria, ya que permite diseñar e impulsar campañas de comunicación social más efectivas.
BACKGROUND: Despite various strategies implemented to promote sexual education and prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the 10th National Youth Survey revealed that slightly more than half of young people in Chile used a condom during their last sexual encounter. While several sociodemographic, cultural, and psychological predictors have been described, recent studies specific to Chile are scarce. AIM: To examine the relationship between social determinants, gender roles, and mental health symptoms with condom use in young Chileans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Secondary data from the 10th National Youth Survey were analyzed. The analytical sample comprised 5,507 young people who had started their sexual life. Multiple binomial logistic regression models were run using survey-based data estimates. RESULTS: Older youth, women, people who identify with any ethnicity, those in a dating relationship, and those diagnosed with an STI are less likely to use a condom at last intercourse. CONCLUSION: Individual characteristics can explain adherence to preventive behaviors and may reflect underlying psychological and cultural factors. Identifying socio-structural, cultural, and psychological factors associated with preventive and protective sexual behaviors should be a health priority, as it enables the design and promotion of more effective social communication campaigns.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Conducta Sexual/psicología , Conducta Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Socioeconómicos , Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Condones/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/prevención & control , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/psicología , Chile/epidemiología , Factores Sexuales , Determinantes Sociales de la Salud , Rol de Género , Factores Sociodemográficos , Pueblos SudamericanosRESUMEN
Given high levels of new HIV infection globally, calls have been made for greater attention to the cultural variables that hinder prevention and testing. However, no reviews exist to systematise the findings. This study aimed to identify the cultural variables associated with three HIV preventive behaviours (condom use, HIV testing behaviour, and injection drug use with non-shared or sterilised syringes) among young Latin Americans. A systematic review was conducted guided by PRISMA-P criteria, on five databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Medline and Scielo), which identified 2474 articles. Scientific articles and empirical studies that addressed cultural variables and HIV preventive behaviours among young people aged 15-24 years of age using Latin American samples were selected, with 37 articles being included in the final review. Six key cultural variables: the importance of female virginity; the role of trust in the couple's relationship; the disorienting effects of romantic love; the role of subjective norms; the importance of decision-making norms; and impulse control beliefs. Gender norms provide a framework for understanding sexual decision-making among young Latin Americans. Although young people have begun to adopt more egalitarian views of gender norms, deep-rooted beliefs about gender, sexuality and relationships continue to impact on HIV prevention behaviour.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida , Infecciones por VIH , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/prevención & control , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Conducta SexualRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Despite various strategies implemented to promote sexual education and prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the 10th National Youth Survey revealed that slightly more than half of young people in Chile used a condom during their last sexual encounter. While several sociodemographic, cultural, and psychological predictors have been described, recent studies specific to Chile are scarce. AIM: To examine the relationship between social determinants, gender roles, and mental health symptoms with condom use in young Chileans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Secondary data from the 10th National Youth Survey were analyzed. The analytical sample comprised 5,507 young people who had started their sexual life. Multiple binomial logistic regression models were run using survey-based data estimates. RESULTS: Older youth, women, people who identify with any ethnicity, those in a dating relationship, and those diagnosed with an STI are less likely to use a condom at last intercourse. CONCLUSION: Individual characteristics can explain adherence to preventive behaviors and may reflect underlying psychological and cultural factors. Identifying socio-structural, cultural, and psychological factors associated with preventive and protective sexual behaviors should be a health priority, as it enables the design and promotion of more effective social communication campaigns.