RESUMEN
PURPOSE: This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the postoperative sensitivity of different resin composite/adhesive materials, placed either by an incremental or bulk-fill technique in posterior resin composite replacement of amalgam restorations. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 47 patients with good overall health and at least four class I or class II amalgam restorations to be replaced participated in this study. The characteristics of 188 cavities were registered and randomly restored using incremental (Z350XT, 3M) or bulk-fill (Filtek Bulk Fill, 3M; Sonic Fill, Kerr; and Opus Bulk Fill, FGM) technique. The postoperative sensitivity was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (0-100) after 24 hours, 7 days, and 30 days. Pain scores were temporally analyzed using Friedman test followed by Dunn post hoc test (α=0.05). The frequency of tests was calculated according to the frequency and percentage of the McNemar test. RESULTS: The restorative technique and the bulk-fill system used did not affect the postoperative sensitivity, except for Filtek Bulk Fill group, which presented less postoperative sensitivity after 24 hours (p=0.037). Regardless of the restorative material, the postoperative sensitivity decreased after 24 hours, and no differences were found after 7 and 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: After 1 week, the filling technique and the bulk-fill system have no influence on the postoperative sensitivity.
Asunto(s)
Caries Dental , Restauración Dental Permanente , Resinas Compuestas/uso terapéutico , Atención Odontológica , Materiales Dentales , Restauración Dental Permanente/métodos , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is recommended as a first-tier test for individuals with developmental delay (DD)/intellectual disability (ID) and/or multiple congenital anomalies. However, owing to high costs, this technique is not widely performed for diagnostic purposes in several countries. The aim of this study was to identify clinical features that could favour the hypothesis of genomic imbalances (GIs) in individuals with DD/ID. METHODS: The sample consisted of 63 individuals, and all of them underwent a detailed evaluation by a clinical geneticist and were investigated by the CMA. They were divided into two groups. Group A composed of 20 individuals with pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs); and group B composed of 43 individuals with normal CMA results or variants of uncertain clinical significance (VUS). RESULTS: Pathogenic GIs were found in 20 cases (32%), including 11 individuals with an abnormal karyotype, VUS was found in five individuals (8%) and the results were normal in 38 individuals (60%). Major anomalies were found in 15/20 (75%) individuals in group A against 35/43 (81%) in group B. Dysmorphisms (≥5) were found in 17/20 (85%) in group A and 41/43 (95%) in group B. The most frequent major anomalies detected in group A were congenital heart disease, epilepsy and renal malformation; and in group B, they were malformations of central nervous system, congenital heart disease, microcephaly, epilepsy and hearing impairment. There was no significant statistical difference among the frequencies in groups A and B. CONCLUSIONS: Evidences point that every individual with DD/ID, with no specific clinical suspicion, should have screening for GIs as a first-tier test, regardless of the presence or absence of additional major anomalies or dysmorphisms. Future studies with a similar design would be helpful, especially in countries where the access to new technologies is still limited.
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Discapacidades del Desarrollo/diagnóstico , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/genética , Variación Estructural del Genoma/genética , Discapacidad Intelectual/diagnóstico , Discapacidad Intelectual/genética , Fenotipo , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Análisis por Micromatrices , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Castor cake is a by-product of the extraction of oil from from seeds of castor plants (Ricinus communis). This by-product contains high levels of proteins, but a toxic protein, ricin, limits its use as an animal feed. Ricin can be efficiently inactivated by treatment with calcium oxide (CaO), which can be evaluated by a cytotoxicity assay using LLC-MK2 cells. The mechanism by which the CaO treatment inactivates ricin, however, is unclear. We report the structural changes responsible for ricin inactivation. Purified ricin was treated with 0.6% CaO and then analyzed by mass spectrometry. This treatment degraded the ricin at preferential sites. The aqueous CaO solution had a pH >12, which preferentially cleaved asparagine residues, followed by glutamine, serine and glycine residues. The alkaline pH affected the tertiary structure of the ricin, cleaving its polypeptide chains and thereby eliminating its cytotoxic activity.
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Citotoxinas/toxicidad , Ricina/toxicidad , Animales , Compuestos de Calcio/farmacología , Línea Celular , Óxidos/farmacología , Proteómica , Ricina/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
Dithiocarbamates are a non-systemic group of pesticides widely used to protect crops from fungal diseases. The current methodology used by monitoring laboratories to determine dithiocarbamates in food involves the analysis of CS(2) generated after hydrolysis of the compound present in the sample. This method does not identify the origin of the CS(2) detected, which may or may not be related to the presence of pesticides leading to a potential overestimation of the dietary dithiocarbamate intake. In this paper, 520 food samples (papaya, banana, apple, strawberry, orange, potato, tomato, rice and dry beans) collected in the local market of the Federal District, Brazil, were analyzed for dithiocarbamate content. Detectable levels (> or =10.10 mg/kg CS(2)) were found in 60.8% of the samples, with the highest levels (up to 3.8 mg/kg) found in strawberry, papaya and banana. No residues were found in rice (polished) and only one dry bean sample had detectable levels of the fungicides. Detectable residues were found in the pulp of banana, papaya (including the seeds) and orange (50-62% of the analyzed samples). An exposure assessment, based on dithiocarbamate levels detected in the food crops analyzed in this study, confirms that the intake of dithiocarbamates through food consumption in the country does not represent a health risk to consumers, i.e., the estimated daily intake is less than the acceptable daily intake. Furthermore, the implementation of more selective methodologies to individually analyze these compounds in food monitoring programs in Brazil is not necessary.
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Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor , Etilenobis(ditiocarbamatos)/análisis , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Fungicidas Industriales/análisis , Residuos de Plaguicidas/análisis , Brasil , Productos Agrícolas/química , Etilenobis(ditiocarbamatos)/toxicidad , Análisis de los Alimentos , Fungicidas Industriales/toxicidad , Humanos , Concentración Máxima Admisible , Residuos de Plaguicidas/toxicidad , Medición de RiesgoRESUMEN
AIMS: The thermal stability of isolated and extracted recombinant green fluorescent protein (GFPuv) was evaluated by analysing the loss of fluorescence intensity. METHODS AND RESULTS: GFPuv was expressed by Escherichia coli, extracted by the three-phase partitioning method and purified by elution through an hydrophobic interaction column. The collected fractions were further diluted in Tris-HCl-EDTA (pH 8.0) and subjected to continuous heating at set temperatures (45-95 degrees C). From a standard curve relating fluorescence intensity to GFPuv concentration, the loss of fluorescence intensity was converted to denatured GFPuv concentration (microg ml-1). To determine the extent of the thermal stability of GFPuv, decimal reduction times (D-values), z-value and energy of activation (Ea) were calculated. CONCLUSIONS: For temperatures between 45 and 70 degrees C, extracted native GFPuv activity decreased from 11 to 75% relative to initial native protein concentration above 70 degrees C, the average decrease in GFPuv fluorescence was between 72 to 83%. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The thermal stability of GFPuv provides the basis for its potential utility as a fluorescent biological indicator to assess the efficacy of the treatment of liquids and materials exposed to steam.
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Proteínas Luminiscentes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Clonación Molecular , Escherichia coli/genética , Fluorescencia , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes , Calor , Indicadores y Reactivos , Cinética , Proteínas Luminiscentes/aislamiento & purificación , Desnaturalización Proteica , Proteínas Recombinantes/aislamiento & purificación , Temperatura , Factores de Tiempo , Transformación BacterianaRESUMEN
Dithiocarbamates are a class of fungicides extensively used in many crops worldwide. The current residue definition of dithiocarbamates in food for compliance with maximum residue limits, at national and international levels, is total residues arising from the use of any or each dithiocarbamate fungicide, determined as CS(2). The analytical method most frequently used to analyze dithiocarbamate residues in food for monitoring purposes was proposed more than 30 years ago. In this method, total dithiocarbamates are decomposed to CS(2), which is purified and reacted with a cupric reagent. The yellow complex formed is quantified by spectrophotometry. In this paper, a new reaction system for the purification and complexation of CS(2) is proposed. The new system is less fragile than the traditional design, is easier to assemble, and allows for a higher sample throughput, in addition to being of low cost. Recovery of added mancozeb, thiram, or ziram (0.15-8.0 mg/kg) in rice, beans, apple, banana, orange, papaya, tomato, cucumber, and potato ranged from 82 to 120%, with relative standard deviations from 0 to 10% (n = 3 or 5). Analysis of apple, tomato, and papaya samples with field-incurred dithiocarbamate residues showed comparable results using both the traditional and the new reaction systems.
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Disulfuros/química , Etilenobis(ditiocarbamatos)/análisis , Análisis de los Alimentos/métodos , Fungicidas Industriales/análisis , Residuos de Plaguicidas/análisis , Espectrofotometría/métodos , Fabaceae/química , Frutas/química , Oryza/química , Verduras/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chronic hypoxia has been shown to modulate nitric oxide (NO) responses in different cell models, but the relationship between hypoxia and NO synthase (NOS) regulation in humans was not studied. We studied the relationship between endothelial and inducible NOS (eNOS and iNOS) activities and expression and chronic hypoxia in children with cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart defects. METHODS AND RESULTS: Right atrial tissue was excised from 18 patients during cardiac surgery. eNOS and iNOS activities were measured by conversion of L-[H(3)]arginine to L-[H(3)]citrulline. Gene expression of eNOS and iNOS was quantified by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The eNOS activity and expression were significantly reduced in cyanotic hearts compared with acyanotic hearts: 0.38+/-0.14 versus 1.06+/-0.11 pmol. mg(-1). min(-1) (P<0.0001) and 0.54+/-0.08 versus 0.80+/-0.10 relative optical density (ROD) of cDNA (P<0.0001), respectively. In contrast, iNOS activity and expression were significantly higher in cyanotic than in acyanotic children: 7.04+/-1.20 versus 4.17+/-1.10 pmol. mg(-1). min(-1) (P<0.0001) and 2.55+/-0.11 versus 1.91+/-0.18 ROD of cDNA (P<0.0001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Hypoxia downregulates eNOS activity and gene expression in cardiac tissue from patients with cyanotic congenital heart defects. By contrast, iNOS activity and expression are increased in cyanotic children and may represent an alternative mechanism to counteract the effects of hypoxia in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, a novel adaptive mechanism during hypoxia is suggested.
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Cianosis/enzimología , Cardiopatías Congénitas/enzimología , Hipoxia/enzimología , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa/metabolismo , Adaptación Fisiológica , Adolescente , Apéndice Atrial/enzimología , Análisis de los Gases de la Sangre , Niño , Preescolar , Cianosis/etiología , Regulación hacia Abajo , Femenino , Expresión Génica , Atrios Cardíacos/enzimología , Cardiopatías Congénitas/complicaciones , Cardiopatías Congénitas/cirugía , Hemodinámica , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa/genética , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo III , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa InversaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To conduct a chronic dietary risk assessment of the pesticides registered in Brazil up until 1999. METHODS: The Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (TMDI) for each pesticide was calculated using the Brazilian maximum residue limits and food consumption data from IBGE, the Brazilian Statistical Institute. The risk characterization was done comparing the TMDI with the acceptable daily intakes (ADI) from other countries and from the Codex Alimentarius. RESULTS: The TMDI was higher than the ADI (%ADI>100) at least in one Brazilian metropolitan region for 23 pesticides. Sixteen compounds are organophosphate insecticides, with methyl parathion having the TMDI exceeding the most toxicological parameter (%ADI N=9,300). Rice, beans, citrus and tomato were the commodities which most contributed to the ingestion. From the compounds under higher risk, only 6 were registered according to the Law 98.816/90, which concerns the use of pesticides in the country. CONCLUSIONS: The compounds identified in the study as presenting a potential health concern to the Brazilian consumers, and the commodities which most contributed to the ingestion, should be prioritized by the government in pesticide residue monitoring programs and in the re-registration process. In addition, residue data in food as consumed, processing factors and appropriate consumption data should be generated to allow further studies.
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Análisis de los Alimentos , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Residuos de Plaguicidas/análisis , Brasil , Humanos , Concentración Máxima Admisible , Residuos de Plaguicidas/envenenamiento , Medición de RiesgoRESUMEN
The pH and calcium ion release of three root canal sealers--Sealapex, Sealer 26, and Apexit--were assessed at 24 and 48 hr, and at 7 and 30 days after spatulation. After manipulation, the sealers were placed in 1-cm-long tubes measuring 4 mm in diameter and immersed in a glass flask containing 10 ml of deionized water, which was hermetically sealed and stored at 37 degrees C. The tubes were removed at the scheduled times and the water in which they were immersed was tested for pH with a pHmeter and for released calcium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Starting 48 hr after immersion, Selapex produced an alklaine pH and released significantly higher calcium amounts compared with the other two sealers, with even more pronounced results after 30 days. On the basis of the results obtained, we conclude that Sealapex presented the highest calcium and hydroxyl release, especially after longer time intervals, whereas Sealer 26 showed highest release during the initial periods (i.e. during its setting time). Apexit presented the least satisfactory results.
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Materiales de Obturación del Conducto Radicular/química , Análisis de Varianza , Bismuto/química , Calcio/química , Hidróxido de Calcio/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Radical Hidroxilo/química , Ensayo de Materiales , Salicilatos/química , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
We examined dams' paired serum samples and foetal kidneys (histopathologically and attempting leptospiral cultures) from 120 Brazilian Holstein abortions from 10 herds near Sao Paulo, Brazil, in 1996. Leptospiras was isolated from 15 foetuses. The Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo was obtained from four, pomona from three and wolffi from eight foetuses. Ten of these 15 foetuses showed a four-fold rise in titres between the day of abortion and the second samples taken 15 days later. Fifty-seven other foetuses had histologic evidence of leptospires; 27 of their dams (47%) had four-fold rises in titres. In total, 72 of 120 aborted foetuses had evidence of leptospiral infection.
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Aborto Veterinario/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Industria Lechera , Leptospira interrogans/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedad de Weil/veterinaria , Aborto Veterinario/microbiología , Aglutinación , Animales , Antígenos Bacterianos/análisis , Brasil/epidemiología , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Femenino , Feto/microbiología , Incidencia , Riñón/microbiología , Riñón/patología , Embarazo , Enfermedad de Weil/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Weil/microbiología , Enfermedad de Weil/patologíaRESUMEN
The flexible approach to tympanoplasty has been found to be adaptable to various forms of pathologic conditions found in the temporal bone, including inflammation and infection, congenital stenosis, benign and malignant tumors, and traumatic injuries. This approach finds its best indication among all pathologic conditions in the temporal bone, in the surgical treatment of otitis media, and its sequelae. A procedure conceived to treat this dynamic process must be adaptable to new circumstances and new findings and be ready to manage unexpected situations. The flexible tympanoplasty is a step-wise approach designed to explore the contents of the middle ear methodically and in the process disclose, confirm, and often treat disease.
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Trastornos de la Audición/etiología , Otitis Media Supurativa , Timpanoplastia/métodos , Niño , Preescolar , Enfermedad Crónica , Trastornos de la Audición/diagnóstico , Humanos , Lactante , Otitis Media Supurativa/complicaciones , Otitis Media Supurativa/diagnóstico , Otitis Media Supurativa/cirugía , Cuidados Posoperatorios , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Perforación de la Membrana Timpánica/etiología , Perforación de la Membrana Timpánica/cirugíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to explore the relationship between perinatal care and neonatal mortality as a component of the infant mortality. Indicators were selected to analyze some aspects of the quality of perinatal care attendance offered to pregnant women and their newborns. Specific attention was given to the avoidable perinatal deaths in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. METHODS: Population-based, prospective study on incidence. The study was carried out collecting data of seventeen maternity units and two referral pediatric hospitals of the public health system in Fortaleza, the capital of the State of Ceará. All births, alive or dead, weighting 500 grams or more, along the whole year of 1995, were included in the study. The perinatal deaths' causes were studied according to the modified Wigglesworth classification (1989). RESULTS: Along the whole study period, 40,712 children were born and 1,337 perinatal deaths occurred. Among them 730 occurred during the fetal life and 607 during the first week of life. In spite of the low incidence of low-weight newborns (7.4%), the coefficients of fetal mortality were high (17.9 per thousand), as well as the perinatal mortality (32.8 per thousand) and neonatal mortality (15.1 per thousand). The number of avoidable perinatal deaths related to adequate perinatal care was estimated to be one third of the total deaths studied (458/1,323). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the perinatal assistance in the city of Fortaleza is of low quality, with problems related to the health system organization and to the low quality of the care offered to women during pregnancy, at delivery and to the newborns in the delivery room as well as in neonatal wards.
RESUMEN
Sixty small farms of Botucatu County, S. Paulo, Brazil, given over to cattle breeding were studied. These farms account for 15% of the total of 402 farms that exist in the county. The sample was drawn by simple probabilistic technique. There were found to be one hundred and thirteen drinking places located on the farms. Samples of water were taken from these drinking places and examined for bacteria of the genus Salmonella, for the determination of Most Probable Number (MNP) of fecal coliform bacteria as well as determination of the water's pH. Water temperature was measured before collection. Samples from 15 drinking places (13.3%) were positive for Salmonella. The drinking places belonged to 12 of the sixty farms studied (20%). The following serotypes were identified: S. dublin, S. newport, S. madelia, S. IV 43:g,z57:-, S. saphra, S. glostrup, S. IV ochsenzool; S. I9,12:i:- and two new serotypes S. IV 41:z52:- and S. IV 50:d:-. Of the 113 samples studied 14 (12.4%) presented MPN/100ml of fecal coliforms above 4,000. There was no relationship between MPN/100ml of fecal coliforms above 4,000 and positivity for Salmonella. Highest positivity both for Salmonella and MPN/100mL of fecal coliforms over 4,000 occurred at temperatures above 18 degrees C. As regards pH, in both situations the highest positivity occurred between 6.0 and 7.0.
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Crianza de Animales Domésticos , Enterobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Salmonella/aislamiento & purificación , Microbiología del Agua , Agua , Animales , Brasil , Heces/microbiología , Salud RuralRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To assess the short and long-term benefits of patients who were submitted to isolated aortic valve replacement or valve replacement (VR) concomitant myocardial revascularization (MR); to evaluate the incidence of postoperative complications, hospital mortality and late mortality. METHODS: From January 1985, through December 1989, 20 consecutive patients underwent surgical intervention, 15 male (75%) and 5 female (25%), the mean age was 74.8% (ranging from 70 to 86 years old), and the aortic valve gradient ranged between 78 and 180 mmHg (mean = 97 mmHg). They presented preoperative diagnosis to have either isolated aortic stenosis (AS) or As and coronary artery disease (CAD). No patient was in NYHA functional class I; 3 patients (15%) were in class II, 14 (70%) in class III and 3 (15%) in class IV. RESULTS: The most frequent post-operative complications found were: extended intubation in 7 patients (35%), bleeding in 4 (20%), acute renal failure in 3 (15%) and ventricular arrhythmia in 3 (15%). Hospital mortality occurred in 2 patients (10%) who had been submitted to VR and concomitant MR. Late mortality occurred in 1 patient (5%). Through December 1989, 11 patients (64%) were in functional class I (NYHA), 3 (18%) in class II, 3 (18%) in class III and none in class IV. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the surgical treatment is indicate to elderly patients with isolated AS os with AS and concomitant CAD. There was a significant post-operative improvement of the functional class (NYHA) to the surviving patients.
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Estenosis de la Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Válvula Aórtica/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Revascularización Miocárdica , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Pronóstico , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
A variation of total cavopulmonary connection without anastomosing the superior vena cava to the right pulmonary artery branch is presented. Both vena cava flow go through an intra atrial tunnel to the right atrial appendage, which is anastomosed to the right pulmonary artery, in anatomical eligible cases.
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Derivación Arteriovenosa Quirúrgica/métodos , Arteria Pulmonar/cirugía , Válvula Tricúspide/anomalías , Vena Cava Superior/cirugía , Niño , Humanos , Masculino , Válvula Tricúspide/cirugíaRESUMEN
Among 1,142 patients who underwent total correction of tetralogy of Fallot from May of 1960 to december of 1986, five (0.43%) presented refractory cardiac failure. Pre and postoperative control was based on symptoms and clinical signals, electrocardiogram, conventional radiographies, cardiac catheterism, cineangiocardiography, and necropsy in one case. The evolution in immediate and late postoperative periods were not good. One patient deceased in the first day after surgery: the others had complications as severe pulmonary insufficiency, diffuse and severe hypocontractibility of the right ventricle, with three late decreases. Only one patient is alive, with congestive cardiac failure hardly controllable.
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Anastomosis Quirúrgica/efectos adversos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/etiología , Tetralogía de Fallot/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Cuidados Posoperatorios , Cuidados Preoperatorios , RadiografíaRESUMEN
The present paper intends to show what coloration method for mycobacteria is the better. Samples was assessed and processed by hot Ziehl-Neelsen, cold Ziehl-Neelsen, Ziehl Gabbet and Ziehl-Neelsen with alkaline metilene blue. After microscopy by five different persons the method selected were the cold Ziehl-Neelsen.