RESUMEN

In this chapter, protocols and details for the immobilization of a model cell onto polyurethane foam carriers are provided in order to facilitate the use of such systems in laboratory or industrial reactors. Polyurethane foam has recently acquired great relevance as a carrier for its good mechanical properties, high porosity, and large adsorption surface. In addition, it has a very low commercial cost. Two different immobilization protocols have been described, differing in the flow regime or the possibilities for the reactor: immobilization in a stirred tank reactor working in a discontinuous regime (by cycles) and immobilization in a packed column working in continuous operation mode. Protocols for carrier sterilization, analytical methodology, and immobilization are described.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Introducción: Las disfunciones temporomandibulares (DTM) son un conjunto de síntomas y signos donde existe una implicación importante de la musculatura masticatoria en particular de los músculos temporales. Objetivos. Observar los efectos de un tratamiento osteopático global de cuatro sesiones en pacientes con DTM y evaluar las modificaciones de aquellas variables objeto de medición. Material y métodos. Se realizaron cuatro sesiones de osteopatía una vez por semana durante un mes en 9 sujetos con DTM. Se llevaron a cabo mediciones algométricas de los puntos gatillos (PGs) de la musculatura temporal y del masetero, inclinométricas en todos los movimientos cervicales así como mediciones de los movimientos de la articulación temporomandibular (ATM) en abertura, diducción derecha e izquierda, antes de la primera sesión y una semana después de la última sesión recibida Resultados. En el análisis intragrupal se obtuvieron datos estadísticamente significativos en el umbral del dolor a la presión (UDP) del Masetero derecho (MASderecho) (p=0,050), UDP del Temporal derecho TEMdcho) (p=0,035), lateroflexión derecha (SD) (p=0,012) y en la abertura (p=0,008). Y una tendencia a la significación en UDPMASizq (p=0,068). Conclusiones. La terapia osteopática global produce un aumento en el UDP de los PGs de los músculos temporales maseteros derechos, y un aumento de la movilidad en lateroflexión derecha cervical y abertura bucal

No disponible

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

In this work, tomato pomace, a waste abundantly available in the Mediterranean and other temperate climates agro-food industries, has been used as raw material for the production of some hydrolytic enzymes, including xylanase, exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG), cellulase (CMCase) and α-amylase. The principal step of the process is the solid state fermentation (SSF) of this residue by Aspergillus awamori. In several laboratory experiments, maximum xylanase and exo-PG activities were measured during the first days of culture, reaching values around 100 and 80 IU/gds (international units of enzyme activity per gram of dried solid), respectively. For CMCase and α-amylase production remained almost constant along fermentation, with average values of 19 and 21.5 IU/gds, respectively. Experiments carried out in a plate-type bioreactor at lab scale showed a clear positive effect of aeration on xylanase and CMCase, while the opposite was observed for exo-PG and α-amylase. In general, xylanase was the enzyme produced in higher levels, thus the optimum conditions for the determination of the enzyme activity was characterized. The xylanase activity shows an optimum pH of 5 and an optimum temperature of 50 ºC. The enzyme is activated by Mg(2+), but strongly inhibited by Hg(2+) and Cu(2+). The enzymatic activity remains quite high if the extract is preserved in a range of pH from 3 to 10 and a temperature between 30 ºC to 40 ºC.