RESUMEN
The current trial was carried out to evaluate the impacts of adding licury cake (Syagrus coronata) in high-concentrate diets for goat kids feedlot-finished on growth performance and metabolic parameters. Forty crossbred non-castrated Boer goat kids with approximately four months and similar initial live weights (20.15 ± 2.79 kg). The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized, with four diets (0, 10, 20, and 30% of licury cake inclusion in a dry matter basis (DM)). Licury cake inclusion decreased nutrient intake and digestibility (P < 0.05). Times spent in feeding (P < 0.001) and rumination (P = 0.003) activities, number of events in feeding (P < 0.001) and idling (P = 0.015) increased, whereas a linear reduction occurred in feeding and rumination efficiencies of DM and neutral detergent fiber (P < 0.001). Nitrogen (N) intake, retained N (P < 0.001), triglycerides concentrations (P = 0.002), aspartate-aminotransferase, alanine-aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase decreased with the licury cake inclusion (P < 0.05). Final body weight (P = 0.008), average daily gain (P = 0.001), and total weight gain (P = 0.001) decreased linearly when licury cake was included in diets. High-concentrate diets containing increasing levels of licury cake decrease intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients and performance when supplied for goat kids feedlot-finished. Therefore, the inclusion of the studied levels of licury cake in goat kids fed high-concentrate diets is not recommended for feedlot-finished systems.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Cabras , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Dieta/veterinaria , Digestión , Ingestión de Alimentos , Conducta Alimentaria , Cabras/metabolismo , Nitrógeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
We executed two studies to investigate time to reach steady state (EXP1) and diurnal variations (EXP 2) of markers, in order to recommend spot fecal sampling in sheep. Eight lambs were used in EXP 1. Each animal has received titanium dioxide (TDOX) and chromium oxide (COX) together during two periods of 15 days. Thirty sheep of the Santa Ines breed were used in EXP 2. Fecal samples were taken with 2-h intervals in the last 5 days of each period, simultaneously to total feces collection. A sine-cosine model was used to evaluate EXP 2, and broken-line model for EXP 1. TDOX could complete its recovery after 2.3 days, and it could accurately promote fecal estimates after 3 days of marker infusion. COX could stabilize after 4.1 days, and it could promote fecal estimates after 5 days. However, estimated fecal excretion became similar to total feces output after 3 days for TDOX and after 6 days for COX. For both markers, a total 6 days of adaptation period could be summed to a 3-day collection period. Spot sampling was similar to total fecal output at 6:00 to 8:00 on morning and between 5:00 and 7:00 on afternoon for TDOX. Also, COX could be sampled at 6:00 to 8:00 on morning and between 5:00 and 7:00 on afternoon. External markers could be evaluated from 3-day fecal spot collection. Fecal collections could be made before the morning feeding, and around 6 p.m. for both markers.
Asunto(s)
Heces , Animales , Biomarcadores , OvinosRESUMEN
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of including palm kernel cake (PKC) in high-concentrate diets for feedlot goat kids on nutrient intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, nitrogen balance, blood metabolites, and performance. Thirty-two castrated crossbred Boer × mixed breed goat kids with an average age of 4 months and an initial body weight of 19.65 ± 3.00 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design. The diets included one of four levels (0, 12, 24, and 36%) of PKC on a total dry matter basis. The PKC inclusion in the diets promoted quadratic effects in the nutrient intakes (P ≤ 0.05). The digestibility of ether extract increased (P = 0.010), whereas the digestibility of non-fibrous carbohydrates decreased (P = 0.017) with the inclusion of PKC. Palm kernel cake inclusion promoted a quadratic effect on the time spent per episode feeding and decreased the times spent idling and ruminated bolus per day (P ≤ 0.05). The ingested and retained nitrogen decreased with the inclusion of PKC (P ≤ 0.05). The inclusion of PKC in the diets had quadratic effects in the cholesterol concentrations, albumin (A), globulin (G), A:G ratio, and gamma-glutamyltransferase enzyme activity (P ≤ 0.05). The PKC inclusion promoted a quadratic increase in total weight gain (P = 0.026), with the highest value achieved at the inclusion level of 11.68%. The inclusion of up to 12% PKC in high-concentrate diets increases the intake and growth performance without compromising the digestibility of nutrients and feed efficiency.
Asunto(s)
Digestión , Cabras , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Dieta/veterinaria , Ingestión de Alimentos , Conducta Alimentaria , NitrógenoRESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of calcium lignosulfonate associated with whole cottonseed in high-concentrate diets for sheep. Eight Dorper crossbred sheep with an average live weight of 42.5 ± 1.70 kg were assigned to two 4 × 4 Latin squares. The following experimental diets were evaluated: control diet (without calcium lignosulfonate) and diets with inclusion of 50, 100, and 150 g of calcium lignosulfonate/kg fresh matter. Diets were composed of soybean meal, ground corn, and whole cottonseed. Feed intake, digestibility, metabolic characteristics, and feeding behavior were evaluated. The intake of nutritional components did not show significant differences as a function of the lignosulfonate levels in the diet; however, the increase in calcium lignosulfonate levels linearly decreased the dry matter digestibility. Rumen ammonia nitrogen concentrations decreased linearly as the lignosulfonate levels in the diets were increased. There was no effect of lignosulfonate levels on blood parameters or feeding behavior of the animals. The use of lignosulfonate associated with cottonseed decreases the digestibility of dry matter and the concentration of rumen ammonia nitrogen, but does not change the intake of nutritional components, the blood parameters, or the feeding behavior of sheep.