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Medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRT) can lead to meniscal extrusion, loss of hoop tension, loss of load-sharing ability and increased contact pressure. Currently, the most commonly used technique for root repair is arthroscopic transtibial pullout repair (ATPR). This article aims to illustrate both normal and abnormal postoperative imaging findings of the MMPRT repair performed with ATPR, with emphasis on MRI. The radiologist must highlight the tunnel position, the reduction of the medial meniscus posterior root to its anatomical attachment, the signs of root healing (continuity and lower signal intensity), and eventual meniscal extrusion or signs of osteoarthritis.

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BACKGROUND: Granulomatous Lung Diseases (GLD) encompasses a wide range of infectious and non-infectious conditions characterized by chronic inflammatory response. However, different GLD may share similar imaging findings. In this context, the purpose of this study was to outline the etiological profile and their imaging features in patients with GLD who underwent lung biopsy. METHODS: Patients with granulomatous lesions in lung biopsies and previous chest CT performed from 2014 to 2017 at our institution had imaging data reviewed by three blinded radiologists. The imaging features were analyzed according to the Fleischner Society glossary. Categorical data were represented by absolute (n) and relative (%) frequency. The contingency matrices were analyzed by Pearson's Chi-square test. Interreader agreement was assessed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient, using kappa (κ) statistic. RESULTS: Thirty-eight of 75 (50.7%) patients were women with a mean age of 59 ± 39 years. Infection was the most common cause of GLD (47/75, 62.7%) and Histoplasma capsulatum (27/75, 36%) was the most prevalent etiology. Nodular pattern was the most common imaging feature in histoplasmosis cases (25/27, 92.6%), whereas it occurred in half of cases (24/48) of GLD of other causes (p < 0.05). Among patients with tuberculosis, the second etiology of GLD in our study population, the most common imaging pattern was centrilobular micronodules (3/7, 42.9%), significantly more frequent than in other causes of GLD (6/68, 8.8%). Interreader agreement in detecting imaging features was almost perfect (κ = 0.88-1.00), except the nodular pattern, which had substantial agreement (κ = 0.73). CONCLUSIONS: In our study population, the main etiologies found in patients with granulomatous disease who underwent lung biopsy were fungal or mycobacterial disease, specially histoplasmosis and tuberculosis, and nodular pattern with focal distribution was the most common imaging finding which was detected with substantial interreader agreement.

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PURPOSE: Pulmonary imaging finding of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been widely described, but until now few studies have been published about abdominal radiological presentation. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of abdominal imaging findings in patients with COVID-19 in a multicenter study and correlate them with worse clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included adult COVID-positive patients with abdominal CT performed from 4/1/2020 to 5/1/2020 from two institutions. Demographic, laboratory and clinical data were recorded, including clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Of 81 COVID-positive patients, the average age was 61 years, 42 (52%) women and 45 (55%) had positive abdominopelvic findings. The most common abdominal imaging features were intestinal imaging findings (20/81, 24%), including colorectal (4/81, 5%) and small bowel thickening (10/81, 12%), intestinal distension (15/81, 18%), pneumatosis (1/81, 1%) and intestinal perforation (1/81, 1%). On multivariate analysis, intestinal imaging findings were associated with higher risk of worse outcome (death or invasive mechanical ventilation) (RR = 2.6, p = 0.04) and higher risk of invasive mechanical ventilation alone (RR = 6.2, p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: Intestinal abnormalities were common findings in COVID-19 patients who underwent abdominal CT and were significantly correlated to worse outcomes in the clinical follow-up.

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PURPOSE: Evaluate chest computed tomography (CT) findings of laboratory-confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and correlate it with clinical and laboratorial signs of severe disease and short-term outcome. METHODS: Chest CTs of 61 consecutive cases of COVID-19 disease that attended in our emergency department (ED) were reviewed. Three groups of patients classified according to the short-term follow-up were compared: (1) early-discharged from ED, (2) hospitalized on regular wards, and (3) admitted to intensive care unit (ICU). CT findings were also correlated with clinical and laboratorial features associated with severe disease. RESULTS: Median age was 52 years (IQR 39-63) with male predominance (60.7%). Most of the patients that did not require hospitalization had parenchymal involvement of less than 25% on CT (84.6%). Among hospitalized patients, interlobular septal thickening and extensive lung disease (> 50% of parenchyma) were significantly more frequent in ICU-admitted patients (P = 0.018 and P = 0.043, respectively). Interlobular septal thickening also correlated with longer ICU stay (P = 0.018). Low oxygen saturation (SpO2 ≤ 93%) was associated with septal thickening (P = 0.004), diffuse distribution (P = 0.016), and pleural effusion (P = 0.037) on CT. All patients with > 50% of parenchymal involvement showed SpO2 ≤ 93%. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (> 5.0 mg/dL) correlated with consolidation (P = 0.002), septal thickening (P = 0.018), diffuse distribution (P = 0.020), and more extensive parenchymal involvement (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Interlobular septal thickening on CT was associated with ICU admission and longer stay on ICU. Diffuse distribution, septal thickening, and more extensive lung involvement correlated with lower SpO2 and higher CRP levels. Patients that needed hospitalization and ICU admission presented more extensive lung disease on CT.

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The left hepatic vein (LHV) anomalous drainage into the coronary sinus (CS) is an extremely rare congenital vascular abnormality. It is usually asymptomatic, but it has surgical implications if the patient undergoes cardiac, vascular or hepatic procedures. We report a case of a 90-year-old man who had an isolated LHV anomalous drainage diagnosed on a computed tomography performed to evaluate fatigue. The diagnosis of LHV drainage into the CS during preoperative evaluation can avoid intraoperative complications and may determine the preferred surgical approach.

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There are a variety of less common diffuse liver diseases that can be asymptomatic or cause severe liver dysfunction. For the majority of them, the association of clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings are needed to narrow the differential diagnosis. In this article, we will review and describe the rarer diffuse liver diseases including drug-related liver disease, inflammatory and infectious diseases, and deposition disorders such as amyloidosis, glycogen storage disease, Wilson's disease, and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Abdominal radiologists should be familiar with the imaging features of different types of diffuse liver diseases to help the multidisciplinary team involved in the treatment of these patients. The data related to some of these conditions are scarce and sometimes experimental, but we want to demonstrate to the reader the value of imaging techniques in their analysis and introduce the potential of new imaging methods.

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