RESUMEN

Phytol (Pyt), a diterpenoid, possesses many important bioactivities. This study evaluates the anticancer effects of Pyt on sarcoma 180 (S-180) and human leukemia (HL-60) cell lines. For this purpose, cells were treated with Pyt (4.72, 7.08, or 14.16 µM) and a cell viability assay was performed. Additionally, the alkaline comet assay and micronucleus test with cytokinesis were also performed using doxorubicin (6 µM) and hydrogen peroxide (10 mM) as positive controls and stressors, respectively. Results revealed that Pyt significantly reduced the viability and rate of division in S-180 and HL-60 cells with IC50 values of 18.98 ± 3.79 and 1.17 ± 0.34 µM, respectively. Pyt at 14.16 µM exerted aneugenic and/or clastogenic effects in S-180 and HL-60 cells, where the number of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities (e.g., nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds) were frequently observed. Moreover, Pyt at all concentrations induced apoptosis and showed necrosis at 14.16 µM, suggesting its anticancer effects on the tested cancer cell lines. Taken together, Pyt showed promising anticancer effects, possibly through inducing apoptosis and necrosis mechanisms, and it exerted aneugenic and/or clastogenic effects on the S-180 and HL-60 cell lines.

Asunto(s)

Sarcoma 180 , Sarcoma , Animales , Humanos , Células HL-60 , Fitol/farmacología , Apoptosis , Necrosis , Pruebas de Micronúcleos

RESUMEN

Endophytic fungi are promising sources of bioactive substances; however, their secondary metabolites are toxic to plants, animals, and humans. This study aimed toevaluate the toxic, cytotoxic, mutagenic and oxidant/antioxidant activities of acetonitrile extract (AEPc), citrinin (CIT) and dicitrinin-A (DIC-A) of Penicillium citrinum. For this, the test substances at 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2 µg/mLwere exposed for 24 and 48 h in Artemia salina, and 48 h in Allium cepa test systems. The oxidant/antioxidant test was evaluated in pre-, co- and post-treatment with the stressor hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results suggest that the AEPc, CIT and DIC-A at 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2 µg/mL showed toxicity in A. saline, with LC50 (24 h) of 2.03 µg/mL, 1.71 µg/mL and 2.29 µg/mL, and LC50 (48 h) of 0.51 µg/mL, 0.54 µg/mL and 0.54 µg/mL, respectively.In A. cepa, the test substances also exerted cytotoxic and mutagenic effects. The AEPc, CIT and DIC-A at lower concentrations modulated the damage induced by H2O2 in the proficient and mutant strains of S. cerevisiae for cytoplasmic and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. Moreover, the AEPc at 2 µg/mL and CIT at the two highest concentrations did not affect the H2O2-induced DNA damage in the test strains. In conclusion, AEPc, CIT and DIC-A of P. citrinum may exert their toxic, cytotoxic and mutagenic effects in the test systems possibly through oxidative stress induction pathway.

Asunto(s)

Citrinina , Acetonitrilos/toxicidad , Animales , Citrinina/toxicidad , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/toxicidad , Penicillium , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Omeprazole (OME), a most frequently used proton pump inhibitor in gastric acidosis, is evident to show many adverse effects, including genetic instability. This study evaluated toxicogenic effects of OME in Mus musculus. METHODS: For this study, 40 male Swiss mice were divided into 8 groups (n = 5) and treated with OME at doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg and/or treated with the antioxidants retinol palmitate (100 IU/kg) and ascorbic acid (2.0 µM/kg). Cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg, (cytotoxic agent) and the vehicle were served as positive and negative control group, respectively. After 14 days of treatment, the stomach cells along with the bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected and submitted to the comet assay (alkaline version) and micronucleus test. Additionally, hematological and biochemical parameters of the animals were also determined inspect of vehicle group. RESULTS: The results suggest that OME at all doses induced genotoxicity and mutagenicity in the treated cells. However, in association with the antioxidants, these effects were modulated and/or inhibited along with a DNA repair capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, antioxidants (such as retinol palmitate and ascorbic acid) may be one of the best options to counteract OME-induced cytogenetic instability.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Diterpenos/farmacología , Omeprazol/toxicidad , Ésteres de Retinilo/farmacología , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Ensayo Cometa , Ciclofosfamida/toxicidad , Reparación del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Masculino , Ratones , Mutagénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Omeprazol/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones/toxicidad

RESUMEN

Breast cancer is one of the most lethal types of cancer and a leading cause of mortality among Women worldwide. Citrinin (CIT), a polyketide extracted from the fungus Penicillium citrinum, exhibits a wide range of biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, and cytotoxic effects. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the antitumoral effects of CIT against 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma in Swiss mice For this, CIT, DMBA and the standard cyclophosphamide (CPA) induced behavioral changes in experimental animals, and these changes were screened by using the rota rod and open field tests. Additionally, hematological, biochemical, immuno-histochemical, and histopathological analyses were carried out. Results suggest that CIT did not alter behavioral, hematological, and biochemical parameters in mice. DMBA induced invasive mammary carcinoma and showed genotoxic effects in the breasts, bone marrow, lymphocytes, and hepatic cells. It also caused mutagenic effects in the formation of micronuclei, bridges, shoots, and binucleate cells in bone marrow and liver. CIT and CPA genotoxic effects were observed after 3 weeks of therapy, where CIT exhibited a repair capacity and induced significant apoptotic damage in mouse lymphocytes. In conclusion, CIT showed antitumoral effects in Swiss mice, possibly through induction of apoptosis.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Citrinina/farmacología , Neoplasias Experimentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Penicillium/química , 9,10-Dimetil-1,2-benzantraceno , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclofosfamida/farmacología , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Ratones , Mutágenos , Neoplasias Experimentales/química

RESUMEN

The lack of tissue selectivity of anticancer drugs generates intense collateral and adverse effects of cancer patients, making the incorporation of vitamins or micronutrients into the diet of individuals to reduce side or adverse effects of antineoplastics. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of retinol palmitate (RP) on the toxicogenic damages induced by cyclophosphamide (CPA), doxorubicin (DOX) and its association with the AC protocol (CPA + DOX), in Sarcoma 180 (S-180) tumor cell line, using the micronuclei test with a block of cytokinesis (CBMN); and in non-tumor cells derived from Mus musculus using the comet assay. The results suggest that CPA, DOX and AC protocol induced significant toxicogenic damages (P < 0.05) on the S-180 cells by induction of micronuclei, cytoplasmic bridges, nuclear buds, apoptosis, and cell necrosis, proving their antitumor effects, and significant damage (P < 0.001) to the genetic material of peripheral blood cells of healthy mice, proving the genotoxic potential of these drugs. However, RP modulated the toxicogenic effects of antineoplastic tested both in the CBMN test (P < 0.05), at the concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 IU/mL; as in the comet assay (P < 0.001) at the concentration of 100 IU/kg for the index and frequency of genotoxic damage. The accumulated results suggest that RP reduced the action of antineoplastics in non-tumor cells as well as the cytotoxic, mutagenic, and cell death in neoplastic cells.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/toxicidad , Diterpenos/farmacología , Vitamina A/análogos & derivados , Animales , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/toxicidad , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ensayo Cometa , Ciclofosfamida/efectos adversos , Ciclofosfamida/toxicidad , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Doxorrubicina/efectos adversos , Doxorrubicina/toxicidad , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Humanos , Ratones , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Mutagénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Ésteres de Retinilo , Vitamina A/farmacología

RESUMEN

Citrinin (CIT) is a cytotoxic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and cardiotoxic metabolite obtained from Penicillium citrinum, that has been increasingly searched as an anticancer drug candidate. In this study, we assessed the antitumor effects of citrinin, using cytogenetic biomarkers for genotoxicity in Sarcoma 180 (S-180) ascitic fluid cells of mice. Citrinin, extracted from P. citrinum acetonitrile extract, was characterized by LC-MS. Cytotoxic assessment was done through using comet (alkaline version) and micronucleus assays. In S-180 cells, CI50 of CIT was 3.77 µg/mL, while at 12.5 and 100 µg/mL, CIT was as cytotoxic as doxorubicin (2 µg/mL). At 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 µg/mL, it induced genotoxicity and mutagenicity in S-180 cells, especially at 2 µg/mL, triggering oxidative damage similar to hydrogen peroxide (10 mM). The antitumor effects were evidenced by a marked increase in S-180 cells apoptosis and necrosis due to clastogenic and/or aneugenic cytogenetic effects (micronucleus formation), as well as by induction of nucleoplasm bridges and nuclear buds, culminating in S-180 apoptosis and necrosis. CIT has potential as drug candidate for antitumor purposesbyinvolving cytogenetic mechanisms.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Citrinina/uso terapéutico , Análisis Citogenético , Sarcoma 180/tratamiento farmacológico , Sarcoma 180/genética , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Ascitis/patología , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Citrinina/aislamiento & purificación , Citrinina/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Penicillium/química

RESUMEN

Omeprazole (OME) is commonly used to treat gastrointestinal disorders. However, long-term use of OME can increase the risk of gastric cancer. We aimed to characterize the pharmacological effects of OME and to correlate its adverse effects and toxicogenetic risks to the genomic instability mechanisms and cancer-based on database reports. Thus, a search (till Aug 2019) was made in the PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect with relevant keywords. Based on the study objective, we included 80 clinical reports, forty-six in vitro, and 76 in vivo studies. While controversial, the findings suggest that long-term use of OME (5 to 40 mg/kg) can induce genomic instability. On the other hand, OME-mediated protective effects are well reported and related to proton pump blockade and anti-inflammatory activity through an increase in gastric flow, anti-inflammatory markers (COX-2 and interleukins) and antiapoptotic markers (caspases and BCL-2), glycoprotein expression, and neutrophil infiltration reduction. The reported adverse and toxic effects, especially in clinical studies, were atrophic gastritis, cobalamin deficiencies, homeostasis disorders, polyp development, hepatotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity. This study highlights that OME may induce genomic instability and increase the risk of certain types of cancer. Therefore, adequate precautions should be taken, especially in its long-term therapeutic strategies and self-medication practices.

Asunto(s)

Inestabilidad Genómica/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias/etiología , Omeprazol/efectos adversos , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones/efectos adversos , Animales , Humanos , Ratas

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: [6]-Gingerol [(S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-decanone] is a phenolic substance reported for several ethnopharmacological usage by virtue of its antioxidant, antiemetic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. This study assessed the antitumoral effects of [6]-Gingerol in primary cells of Sarcoma 180 as well as in peripheral blood lymphocytes of mice. METHODS: The effect of [6]-Gingerol was assessed by applying cytogenetic biomarkers as indicative of genotoxicity, mutagenicity and apoptosis. Ascitic liquid cells were treated with [6]-Gingerol at concentrations of 21.33, 42.66 and 85.33 µM and subjected to the cytotoxicity assays using Trypan blue test and the comet assay, as well as the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Doxorubicin (6 µM) and hydrogen peroxide (85.33 µM) were used as positive controls. RESULTS: [6]-Gingerol, especially at concentrations of 42.66 and 85.33 µM, showed notable cytotoxicity in Sarcoma 180 cells by reducing cell viability and cell division rates via induction of apoptosis. Genotoxicity at the concentrations used was punctuated by the increase in the index and frequency of DNA damage in tested groups. [6]-Gingerol, at all concentrations tested, did not induce significant aneugenic and/or clastogenic effects. It did, however, induced other nuclear abnormalities, such as nucleoplasmic bridges, nuclear buds and apoptosis. The genotoxic effects observed in the cotreatment with H2O2 (challenge assay) employing neoplastic and healthy cells, indicated that [6]-Gingerol may induce oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: Observations suggest that [6]-Gingerol may be a candidate for pharmaceutical antitumoral formulations due to its cytotoxicity and to mechanisms associated with genetic instability generated by nuclear alterations especially by apoptosis.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Catecoles/farmacología , Alcoholes Grasos/farmacología , Sarcoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/administración & dosificación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ratones

RESUMEN

Gingerol - [6]-gingerol ((S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-decanone; [6]-G) - is a phenolic compound with several pharmacological properties. Herein, the aim of the study was to evaluate the toxicogenic effects of [6]-G on Artemia salina nauplii, Allium cepa, HL-60 cell line and Sarcoma 180 (S-180) ascitic fluid cells.For toxic and genotoxic analysis, it was used [6]-G concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 40 µg mL-1. For cytotoxic evaluation using the MTT test (3- [4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide), serial [6]-G dilutions (1.56-100 µg mL-1) were performed, and S-180, HL-60 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were treated for 72 h. The IC50 of [6]-G were 1.14, 5.73 and 11.18 µg mL-1 for HL-60, S-180 and PBMC, respectively, indicating a possible selectivity against tumor cell lines. At higher concentrations (>10 µg mL-1), toxicity and genotoxicity were observed in the A. cepa test, especially at 40 µg mL-1. Mechanisms indicating apoptosis, such as toxicity, cytotoxicity and nuclear abnormalities (bridges, fragments, delays, loose chromosomes and micronuclei) suggest that [6]-G has potential for antitumor pharmaceutical formulations.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Bioensayo , Catecoles/farmacología , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Alcoholes Grasos/farmacología , Animales , Artemia/efectos de los fármacos , Catecoles/administración & dosificación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Alcoholes Grasos/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Ratones , Cebollas/citología

RESUMEN

Biologically active compounds from species of the phylum Basidiomycota have been shown a wide range of pharmacological activities and provide a vast reservoir of potential innovational drugs. The aim of this review is to discuss some mechanisms of action involved in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic/antitumoral activities attributed to the bioactive compounds from species of the phylum Basidiomycota. We show that isolated compounds from extracts, secondary metabolites and polysaccharides that presented antioxidant properties have mechanisms of action involved in the elimination/capture of free radicals and reduction of lipid peroxidation. Also, some bioactives with anti-inflammatory activity were reported to enhance innate and cell-mediated immune responses. Finally, compounds that presented cytotoxic/antitumoral activity induces increased free radical production, collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased expression of proteins responsible for cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Investigating the mechanisms of action of biologically active compounds will facilitate further efforts to accelerate the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies.

Asunto(s)

Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Basidiomycota/química , Productos Biológicos/farmacología , Animales , Antineoplásicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Basidiomycota/metabolismo , Productos Biológicos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Estructura Molecular

RESUMEN

Phytol (PHY) (3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol) exhibits various pharmacological properties including toxicity and cytotoxicity, and exerts antitumor activity. Owing to the urgent need of new pharmaceutical formulations for breast cancer therapy, this study aimed at the evaluation of antitumor activity of PHY in 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-cancer-induced animal model. Comet assay was employed to evaluate the cytogenetics, DNA repair, and antigenotoxic activities of PHY in neoplastic (breast) and non-neoplastic rodent cells (bone marrow, lymphocytes, and liver). Additionally, hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses were carried out in experimental animals. Thirty nonpregnant female mice (n = 5) underwent 7 weeks treatment with 6 mg/kg pro-carcinogen, PHY (4 mg/kg), and cyclophosphamide (25 mg/kg). Induction of cancer was confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry for Ki-67. Results suggest that PHY exhibits low toxicity in comparison with other groups in hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and organ size parameters. Additionally, PHY showed modulatory effects on the pro-carcinogen, and induced genotoxicity and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, it showed a DNA damage repair capacity in mouse lymphocytes. These data indicate that PHY may have the potential as an anticancer candidate in pharmaceutical consumption. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(1):200-212, 2019.

Asunto(s)

Anticarcinógenos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Reparación del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Fitol/farmacología , 9,10-Dimetil-1,2-benzantraceno/administración & dosificación , 9,10-Dimetil-1,2-benzantraceno/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Ensayo Cometa , Ciclofosfamida/farmacología , Daño del ADN , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/genética , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Leucocitos Mononucleares/efectos de los fármacos , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Leucocitos Mononucleares/patología , Locomoción/efectos de los fármacos , Glándulas Mamarias Animales/efectos de los fármacos , Glándulas Mamarias Animales/metabolismo , Glándulas Mamarias Animales/patología , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Mamarias Experimentales/patología , Ratones

RESUMEN

Natural dietary agents have attracted considerable attention due to their role in promoting health and reducing the risk of diseases including cancer. Ginger, one of the most ancient known spices, contains bioactive compounds with several health benefits. [6]-Gingerol constitutes the most pharmacologically active among such compounds. The aim of the present work was to review the literature pertaining to the use of ginger extract and [6]-gingerol against tumorigenic and oxidative and inflammatory processes associated with cancer, along with the underlying mechanisms of action involved in signaling pathways. This will shed some light on the protective or therapeutic role of ginger derivatives in oxidative and inflammatory regulations during metabolic disturbance and on the antiproliferative and anticancer properties. Data collected from experimental (in vitro or in vivo) and clinical studies discussed in this review indicate that ginger extract and [6]-gingerol exert their action through important mediators and pathways of cell signaling, including Bax/Bcl2, p38/MAPK, Nrf2, p65/NF-κB, TNF-α, ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, ROS/NF-κB/COX-2, caspases-3, -9, and p53. This suggests that ginger derivatives, in the form of an extract or isolated compounds, exhibit relevant antiproliferative, antitumor, invasive, and anti-inflammatory activities.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Catecoles/farmacología , Alcoholes Grasos/farmacología , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Zingiber officinale/química , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

Omeprazole (OME) is a proton pump inhibitor used for the treatment of various gastric and intestinal disease; however, studies on its effects on the genetic materials are still restricted. The present study aimed to evaluate possible toxicogenic effects of OME in Allium cepa meristems with the application of cytogenetic biomarkers for DNA damage, mutagenic, toxic and cytotoxic effects. Additionally, retinol palmitate (RP) and ascorbic acid (AA) were also co-treated with OME to evaluate possible modulatory effects of OME-induced cytogenetic damages. OME was tested at 10, 20 and 40 µg/mL, while RP and AA at 55 µg/mL and 352.2 µg/mL, respectively. Copper sulphate (0.6 µg/mL) and dechlorinated water were used as positive control and negative control, respectively. The results suggest that OME induced genotoxicity and mutagenicity in A. cepa at all tested concentrations. It was noted that cotreatment of OME with the antioxidant vitamins RP and/or AA significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited and/or modulated all toxicogenic damages induced by OME. These observations demonstrate their antigenotoxic, antimutagenic, antitoxic and anticitotoxic effects in A. cepa. This study indicates that application of antioxidants may be useful tools to overcome OME-induced toxic effects.

Asunto(s)

Allium/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Omeprazol/toxicidad , Toxicogenética/métodos , Vitamina A/análogos & derivados , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Diterpenos , Mutagénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Mutágenos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ésteres de Retinilo , Vitamina A/farmacología

RESUMEN

Cancer, the multifactorial pathology and to date is the most lethal causes of death in the world. Cyclophosphamide (CPA) and doxorubicin (DOX) are the individually or combindly used two anticancer drugs. The antineoplastic drugs-mediated genetic instability can be overcome by using antioxidants. The study evaluated the cytogenotoxic modulatory potentials of retinyl palmitate (RP) caused by CPA and DOX in Swiss mice. For this, adult Mus musculus of either sex were divided equally regarding to the gender. Toxicogenetic effects were induced by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of the CPA (20mg/kg) and/or DOX (2mg/kg), following to test for comet assay and micronucleus test in bone marrow cells after 48h (DOX) and 7h (CPA) of the administration of RP (100 IU/kg). Both CPA and DOX significantly (p<0.05) increased with the index and frequency of damages, clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects with the augmenting of micronuclei, demonstrating the cytotoxicity interference on the ratio of normochromatic to polychromatic erythrocytes and bone marrow cells of mice, that were found to reduce in RP treatment groups. In conclusion, RP has a modulatory effect on CPA and DOX-mediated cytogenotoxic events. The findings may be a good indication to manage the antioneoplastic drug-induced stress mediated detrimental effects by using RP, especially as a side effect minimizer.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/toxicidad , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ciclofosfamida/toxicidad , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Doxorrubicina/toxicidad , Vitamina A/análogos & derivados , Animales , Diterpenos , Femenino , Masculino , Ratones , Ésteres de Retinilo , Vitamina A/farmacología

RESUMEN

The water for human consumption is the main vehicle for the transmission of pathogens that are capable of causing enteric parasitic diseases; therefore, its microbiological control is vital. This work had the purpose of evaluating the bacteriological quality of drinking water, in terms of the presence of total and thermotolerant coliforms, in different Feeding Units in the city of Recife, Pernambuco State, according to the potableness standards established by Ordinance No. 518 of 2004 of the Brazilian Ministry of Health/ANVISA. Forty water samples were collected in the Feeding Units located near the UFPE and UFRPE. The bacteriological tests for research on total and thermotolerant coliforms were carried out in accordance with the protocol of APHA (1995). Of the analyzed samples, 62.5% presented total coliforms and 42.5% thermotolerant coliforms. According to the results obtained, 62.5% of the samples are not in compliance with the law in force.

Asunto(s)

Microbiología del Agua , Agua/normas , Brasil , Enterobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación