RESUMEN
The intestinal parasites of the schoolchildren from one rural area and one urban area, both on Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania, were surveyed within the framework of the local Helminth Control Programme. Stool samples were examined for helminth eggs and protozoa by quantitative (Kato-Katz) and concentration (formalin-ether) techniques. The results indicate that intestinal helminthiases represent a significant public health problem in the study areas. All the subjects were found to be infected with helminths, most (> 97%) with more than one species. Hookworms and Trichuris appear to constitute the most serious challenges to the schoolchildren, both in terms of prevalence and intensity of infection. There were no significant differences between the results from the urban area and those from the rural area. The observations are important in the planning of control activities.
Asunto(s)
Helmintiasis/epidemiología , Parasitosis Intestinales/epidemiología , Adolescente , Niño , Heces/parasitología , Femenino , Infecciones por Uncinaria/epidemiología , Humanos , Parasitosis Intestinales/parasitología , Masculino , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos , Prevalencia , Población Rural , Tanzanía/epidemiología , Tricuriasis/epidemiología , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
Recently, 5 sibling species and 3 other phenotypes were identified in the genus Trichinella. Single primers of arbitrary nucleotide sequence were used to produce random amplified polymorphic DNA starting from decreasing amounts of Trichinella spiralis and Trichinella britovi DNA. Reproducible amplification products from 30 pg of DNA were obtained using 1 of 6 examined primers. These fragments distinguish between 2 European Trichinella species, T. spiralis, showing a 1,350-bp band, and T. britovi, showing 400- and 1,100-bp bands. The developed procedure allows the characterization of crude DNA preparations of single muscle-stage larvae, avoiding time-consuming passages of parasites in laboratory animals.
Asunto(s)
ADN/análisis , Trichinella spiralis/clasificación , Trichinella/clasificación , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Carnívoros , ADN de Cadena Simple/química , Marcadores Genéticos , Larva/clasificación , Larva/genética , Ratones , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Ratas , Porcinos , Trichinella/genética , Trichinella spiralis/genéticaRESUMEN
In two different human settings in the province of Pavia, Italy, statistically significant correlations were found between socioeconomic level of the families or crowding in the houses, and prevalence of oxyuriasis in schoolchildren. An indoor transmission is postulated.
Asunto(s)
Aglomeración , Vivienda , Oxiuriasis/transmisión , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Niño , Humanos , Higiene , Italia/epidemiología , Oxiuriasis/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Factores SocioeconómicosAsunto(s)
Helmintiasis/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Etiopía/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Salud Rural , Salud UrbanaRESUMEN
In Italy Trichinella infection is present only in sylvatic animals, especially the fox. Nevertheless, the prevalence of this vulpine infection in Northern Italy decreased from 32% in 1960 to 4% in 1988. Other wild and synanthropic animals also promote the survival of the parasite in nature (in the wolf, bear, stray dog and cat, wild boar, Norway and black rats). At present, human infections are caused mostly by wild boar meat (11% of all cases) and by imported horse meat (43%), whereas pork does not cause infection in man, as a result of a considerable reduction in foraging swine. T. spiralis is absent in our country: only Trichinella sp. 3, less pathogenic in man, is present here. The domestic cycle disappeared in France, while the human infection caused by horse meat consumption now represents an important new health problem. In Switzerland there are no human infections due to consumption of local meat; at present the parasite infects only wild animals. The domestic cycle also disappeared in Austria and at present the parasite survives only in wild mammals especially the fox and the wild boar. On the other hand, in Yugoslavia there are many human cases caused both by domestic and sylvatic cycles.
Asunto(s)
Triquinelosis/epidemiología , Animales , Austria , Francia , Humanos , Italia , Suiza , Triquinelosis/transmisión , YugoslaviaAsunto(s)
Parasitosis Intestinales/diagnóstico , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/diagnóstico , Adulto , Animales , Disentería Amebiana/complicaciones , Humanos , Masculino , Nigeria , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Profesionales/parasitología , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos/métodos , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/complicaciones , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/parasitología , ViajeAsunto(s)
Amebiasis/epidemiología , Entamebiasis/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Tricomoniasis/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Niño , Preescolar , Entamoeba/aislamiento & purificación , Entamebiasis/parasitología , Femenino , Hospitales Generales , Humanos , Lactante , Italia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Boca/microbiología , Boca/parasitología , Enfermedades de la Boca/microbiología , Enfermedades de la Boca/parasitología , Trichomonas/aislamiento & purificación , Tricomoniasis/parasitologíaAsunto(s)
Periodontitis/etiología , Trichomonas/patogenicidad , Adulto , Animales , Entamebiasis/complicaciones , Femenino , Gingivitis/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Periodontitis/parasitología , Trichomonas/aislamiento & purificación , Tricomoniasis/complicaciones , Tricomoniasis/parasitologíaAsunto(s)
Pruebas Diagnósticas de Rutina/normas , Helmintiasis/diagnóstico , Parasitosis Intestinales/diagnóstico , Animales , Heces/parasitología , Helmintiasis/epidemiología , Helmintiasis/parasitología , Helmintos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Parasitosis Intestinales/epidemiología , Parasitosis Intestinales/parasitología , ItaliaAsunto(s)
Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Cefotaxima/análogos & derivados , Ceftriaxona/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Cefotaxima/metabolismo , Cefotaxima/farmacología , Ceftizoxima , Ceftriaxona/metabolismo , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Unión Proteica/efectos de los fármacosAsunto(s)
Cefalosporinasa/biosíntesis , Enterobacter/enzimología , Enterobacteriaceae/enzimología , beta-Lactamasas/biosíntesis , Cefotaxima/análogos & derivados , Cefotaxima/metabolismo , Ceftazidima/metabolismo , Ceftizoxima , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Enterobacter/efectos de los fármacos , Inducción EnzimáticaRESUMEN
Introduction of a hydroxyl group into the thiazole ring nitrogen of cephalosporins belonging to the cefotiam and cefotaxime families gave rise to products, better described by the tautomeric N-oxide form, which proved particularly active against Gram-negative bacteria. Cephems bearing a (Z)-alkoxyimino functionality are of special interest for broadness of spectrum; among them, 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl-N-oxide)-2 -methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-(tetrazolo-[1,5-b] pyridazin-6-yl)thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (5c-7, FCE 20635), in other ways similar to cefotaxime, showed useful levels of activity against cephalosporinase-producing strains resistant to the reference drug. Preliminary in vivo studies demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of the new compound in the treatment of experimental systemic, subcutaneous and urinary tract infections in mice.