RESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study aimed to (1) evaluate in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) the presence of sleep disorders such as hypersomnia, fatigue, risk of apnea, and the presence of restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED); (2) evaluate quality of sleep in patients with MS and NMOSD; and (3) correlate them with clinical and imaging data. METHODS: The study was cross-sectional and was carried out in the sector of demyelinating diseases of the neurology service of HUGV-UFAM, Manaus, Brazil, from January 2017 to December 2020. RESULTS: Our sample consisted of 60 patients, 41 with MS and 19 with NMOSD. We found that patients with MS and NMOSD have poor sleep quality (65%) and hypersomnia (53% in MS; 47% in NMOSD), but low risk of apnea by STOP-BANG. The frequency of RLS/WE found was 14% in MS, and 5% in NMOSD. No correlation existed between sleep quality, number of relapses, and sleep quality for the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), i.e., fatigue/illness duration. CONCLUSION: Patients with MS and NMOSD have poor sleep quality, excessive sleepiness, and are at low risk for OSA, yet the frequency of RLS/WED is like that of the general population. There does not seem to be a significant difference between these sleep disorders in these demyelinating diseases of the CNS.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Somnolencia Excesiva , Esclerosis Múltiple , Neuromielitis Óptica , Síndrome de las Piernas Inquietas , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia , Humanos , Neuromielitis Óptica/epidemiología , Esclerosis Múltiple/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Apnea , Síndrome de las Piernas Inquietas/epidemiología , Trastornos de Somnolencia Excesiva/diagnóstico , Trastornos de Somnolencia Excesiva/epidemiología , Fatiga , Calidad del Sueño , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Background: Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main nonpsychoactive components of Cannabis sativa and may represent an alternative treatment for Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease (RLS/WED) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep behavior disorder (RBD). Objective: Our purpose was a post hoc exploratory analysis to evaluate the CBD's efficacy to improve the severity of RLS/WED symptoms in patients with PD and RBD. Methods: A post hoc exploratory analysis of a phase II/III, a parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 18 patients with RLS/WED and PD plus RBD associated. Six patients were randomized to the CBD group in doses of 75-300 mg, and twelve received placebo capsules. They were followed up for 14 weeks. The primary outcome was the severity of RLS/WED by Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG). Results: CBD showed no difference in relationship to placebo for primary and secondary outcomes. Conclusion: CBD showed no reduction in the severity of RLS/WED manifestation in patients with PD and RBD.
Asunto(s)
Cannabidiol , Cannabis , Enfermedad de Parkinson , Trastorno de la Conducta del Sueño REM , Síndrome de las Piernas Inquietas , Humanos , Síndrome de las Piernas Inquietas/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome de las Piernas Inquietas/complicaciones , Síndrome de las Piernas Inquietas/diagnóstico , Cannabidiol/farmacología , Cannabidiol/uso terapéutico , Trastorno de la Conducta del Sueño REM/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastorno de la Conducta del Sueño REM/complicaciones , Enfermedad de Parkinson/complicaciones , Enfermedad de Parkinson/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Insomnia complaints are frequent in Parkinson disease (PD), affecting up to 55% of patients. Factors related to insomnia in PD are multifactorial and may be associated with the degenerative process of the disease, comorbidities related to aging, and medication use. The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated with the presence of chronic insomnia in patients with PD. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was performed involving 63 consecutive patients with PD from an outpatient clinic. Participants underwent clinical interviews with neurologists and a psychiatrist and were assessed with standardized scales (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and, for individuals with a diagnosis of restless legs syndrome(RLS)/Willis-Ekbom disease (WED), the International RLS/WED grading scale) and video-polysomnography. RESULTS: The main factors associated with chronic insomnia in PD were the habit of staying in bed without sleeping, large rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency, high Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores, and absence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). CONCLUSION: Insomnia in PD is related to specific factors including inadequate sleep habits, REM sleep latency, absence of OSA, and quality of sleep.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Parkinson/complicaciones , Polisomnografía/métodos , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/etiología , Enfermedad Crónica , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Excessive sleepiness (ES) can affect up to 60% of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and it has a multifactorial etiology. It is related to the neurodegenerative processes affecting brain regions responsible for the sleep-wake cycle, the effects of drugs acting on the central nervous system, and the excessive sleep fragmentation of this population. OBJECTIVES: To identify the factors associated with the presence of ES in patients with PD. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed involving 88 consecutive patients with PD from an outpatient clinic. Participants underwent clinical interviews with neurologists and psychiatrist, assessment using standardized scales (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Parkinson's disease Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and, for individuals with a diagnosis of RLS/WED, International RLS/WED grading scale), and video-polysomnography. RESULTS: The complaint of ES was observed in 55.6% of the participants. The main related factors were: the presence of psychotic disorder, the presence of anxiety disorder, and the use of dopaminergic agonists. No higher prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea and any other sleep disorder was observed in PD group with ES in comparison with the group without ES. CONCLUSION: PD patients present a high prevalence of ES, and some factors, different from those observed in the general population, seem to have a greater impact in this group of patients. ABBREVIATIONS: RLS/ WED: Restless legs syndrome; Willis-Eckbom Disease ES: Excessive sleepiness.