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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of training and detraining on the physical fitness components of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). The study was characterized as experimental with a sample composed of 21 people divided into two groups: 11 volunteers (PLHA, 46.9 ± 8.0 years, 63.8 ± 12.7 kg, 161.7 ± 8.7 cm, 7 men, and 4 women), using antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 10 people without HIV/AIDS in the control group (CG, 43.8 ± 13.8 years, 75.2 ± 11.2 kg, 163.3 ± 7.8 cm, 3 men, and 7 women), with the same average age and level of physical activity. The intervention, applied to both groups, consisted of combined training for 15 weeks, followed by detraining for 5 weeks. Before and after the training and detraining period the following parameters were evaluated: body composition by dual energy radiological absorptiometry (DXA), cardiorespiratory fitness by ergospirometer, and strength of upper and lower limbs by isometric dynamometer. The results show the effect of the intervention moments on the strength and oxygen consumption variables (time factor), considering the two study groups. Regarding the analysis of the interaction (group vs. time), there was a significant effect on the isometric extension strength of the left (p = 0.019) and right (p = 0.030) knees, with training (left: 10.4%; right: 12.4%) and detraining (left: -10.8%; right: -12.1%) effect in PLHA, when compared with the control group (left: 8.1 and 3.9%, respectively; right: 11.5 and -0.2%, respectively). In addition, there was a significant interaction on ventilatory threshold 1 (p = 0.002), indicating a significantly greater increase with training (27.3%) and decrease with detraining (-22.7%) in the PLHA group compared with the Control group (19.9 and -6.7%, respectively). In conclusion, combined training and the subsequent period of detraining caused similar responses in body composition, isometric strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness of PLHA and CG, except for the extensor strength of the lower limbs and ventilatory threshold 1, which presented positive effects on training and negative effects on detraining for PLHA. Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03075332.

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We analyze the influence of dietary counseling and physical activity on biochemical and metabolic parameters in children and adolescents with HIV. A longitudinal experimental study, including three analyses: At the beginning, 4th month, and 8th month. A sample of 18 subjects with HIV of both sexes, mean age 10.4 ± 4.50 years. Usual food intake (24 h recall and food intake marker), level of habitual physical activity, biochemical parameters, resting metabolic rate, as well as body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), biological maturation, and anamnesis with clinical data and socioeconomic were evaluated. There was an effect of time on the reduction of blood glucose and triglycerides and the resting metabolic rate. There was a significant increase in fruit consumption throughout the study. The consumption of soft drinks decreased when comparing analysis periods 1 and 2, however, it increased again in analysis period 3. There was no significant effect of time on the set of variables related to a food recall. Counseling healthy habits and regular clinical follow-up were relevant for improving biochemical parameters (glucose, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol), maintaining the resting metabolic rate, increasing fruit consumption, and decreasing the consumption of soft drinks, in part of the time, of children and adolescents with HIV. Finally, we emphasize that counseling positively influenced healthy habits, and these, in turn, improved health-related parameters.

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Background: The adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy associated with complications generated by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promote impairments in physical fitness in adolescents. Objective: To analyze the aerobic capacity, muscle strength, and body composition of adolescents living with HIV compared with a healthy population of the same age. Methods: Searches were performed in the MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and SportDiscus databases until September 2019 and updated in April 2020. Eligibility Criteria: adolescents of both sexes in the age group from 10 to 19 years; living with HIV; cross-sectional, case-control, cohort studies; comparing with a healthy population. Mean differences and 95% Confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using RevMan (software for systematic reviews). Results: Five articles were included, involving 197 adolescents living with HIV (16 to 18 years) and 185 without infection (13 to 18 years), with the sample in each study ranging from 15 to 65 adolescents. Aerobic capacity and muscle strength were reduced in adolescents with HIV, and body mass index was also significantly lower in this group. Conclusion: Adolescents living with HIV have impaired cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and body composition when compared to their uninfected peers. However, this systematic review provides limited evidence on the differences between the physical fitness outcomes of adolescents living with HIV compared to healthy adolescents.

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Prolonged use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been associated with dyslipidemia and impaired energy substrate oxidation (SOxi). Curcumin is a natural bioactive compound, which interacts with molecular targets and holds important metabolic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of curcumin supplementation on energetic metabolism of an adult female with HIV/AIDS and under ART. The intervention was performed with 500 mg/day of curcumin for 27 days. Glycemic and lipid profile and SOxi at rest were evaluated before and after intervention. After intervention, improvement of lipid profile and insulin sensibility was observed. Moreover, there was a positive modulation of SOxi at rest. Oral curcumin supplementation can positively modulate the energy metabolism of people living with HIV/AIDS using the ART. However, clinical studies are required in order to confirm our findings in a representative sample.

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The lipodystrophy syndrome is characterized by redistribution of body fat and disorders of glicidic and lipid metabolism. Although its etiology is related to infection and drug therapy, there is little evidence regarding the nutritional disturbances on this association. This study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary intake and use of protease inhibitors (PIs) with anthropometric and biochemical parameters in HIV positive patients. The study included 50 patients. A questionnaire about socioeconomic status, lifestyle and infection history was taken. In addition, it was conducted the evaluation of dietary intake (frequency questionnaire), anthropometric parameters (body mass index, waist circumference, triceps skinfold, corrected arm muscle area) and biochemistry tests (glycemia and lipid profile). Only 37% of the sample was classified as "good food consumption", 54% were overweight or obese and 66% presented high waist circumference. The group with good food consumption had higher HDL-C (p=0.04) levels than the group with poor food consumption. Patients taking PIs presented VLDL-C (p=0.023) and triglycerides (p=0.024) levels significantly higher. These results indicated the necessity for continuous monitoring of HIV-positive patients and non-pharmacological interventions such as nutrition education and practice of physical exercises.

La lipodistrofia se caracteriza por la redistribución de la grasa corporal y los trastornos de la glucosa y el metabolismo de los lípidos. Su etiología está relacionada con la infección y la terapia de drogas, sin embargo, hay poca evidencia sobre el papel de la nutrición en estos cambios . Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la relación entre el consumo alimenticio y el uso de inhibidores de la proteasa con parâmetros antropométricos y bioquímicos en las personas que viven con el VIH. La muestra estuvo constituida por 50 pacientes. Se recogieron Preguntas sobre la situación socioeconómica, el estilo de vida, y antecedentes de infección. Además, se celebró evaluar el consumo de alimentos (cuestionario de frecuencia), antropométricos (índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de la cintura, espesor del pliegue cutáneo del tríceps y el área muscular del brazo corregida) y bioquímicos (niveles de glucosa y lípidos). Sólo el 37 % de la muestra se clasifica como buena consumo de alimentos, 54 % tenían sobrepeso o eran obesos y 66 % tienen alta circunferencia de la cintura. El grupo de consumo de alimentos clasificados como " buenos" presentaram mejores valores de HDLc cuando comparados com el grupo clasidicado del "malo" del los pacientes que usan IP mostró valores de VLDL -C y triglicéridos significativamente más altos. Estos resultados indican la necesidad de un seguimiento continuado de estos pacientes y las intervenciones no farmacológicas, como la educación en nutrición y ejercicio físico.

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