RESUMEN
Abstract Only few studies have focus on animals that received Pilocarpine (Pilo) and did not develop behavioral status epilepticus (SE) and, whether they may become epileptic in the model's chronic phase. Previews works observed mossy fiber sprouting in the hippocampus of Non-SE (NSE) rats, while others observed spontaneous and recurrent seizures (SRS) 6 - 8 months after animals received Pilo. It is known that neuronal excitability is influenced by female hormones, as well as, the occurrence of SE in castrated and non-castrated female rats. However, it is not known whether females that received Pilo and did not show SE, may have SRS. The aim of this work was to investigate whether castrated and non-castrated female rats that did not show behavioral SE after Pilo, will develop SRS in the following one-year. For that, animals received 360 mg/kg of Pilo and were video monitored for 12 months. SE females from castrated and non-castrated groups became epileptic since the first month after drug injection. Epileptic behaviors were identified watching video monitoring recordings in the fast speed. Castrated and Non-castrated NSE animals showed behaviors resembling seizures described by Racine Scale stages 1 - 3. Motor alterations showed by NSE groups could be observed only when recordings were analyzed in slow speed. In addition, behavioral manifestations as, rhythmic head movements, sudden head movements, whole body movements and immobility were also observed in both, SE and NSE groups. We concluded that NSE female rats may have become epileptic. Adding to it, slow speed analysis of motor alterations was essential for the observation of NSE findings, which suggests that possibly many motor alterations have been underestimated in epilepsy experimental research.
Resumo Poucos são os estudos com foco em animais que receberam Pilocarpina (Pilo) e não desenvolveram status epilepticus (SE) comportamental e, se os mesmos se tornarão epilépticos na fase crônica do modelo. Autores observaram o brotamento das fibras musgosas no hipocampo de ratos Não-SE (NSE), enquanto outros observaram crises espontâneas e recorrentes (CER) 6 - 8 meses após receberam a droga. A excitabilidade neuronal é influenciada pelos hormônios femininos e, da mesma forma, a ocorrência de SE em ratas castradas e não-castradas. Entretanto, não é sabido se as fêmeas que não apresentam SE terão CER. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar se fêmeas castradas e não castradas que não tiveram SE comportamental após a injeção de Pilo desenvolverão CER dentro de um ano. Para isto, os animais receberam 360 mg/kg de Pilo e foram videomonitorados por 12 meses. As fêmeas SE castradas e não-castradas se tornaram epilépticas desde o primeiro mês pós Pilo. O comportamento epiléptico foi identificado assistindo as gravações na velocidade rápida. As fêmeas NSE castradas e não-castradas apresentaram comportamentos similares aos estágios 1 - 3 da Escala de Racine. As alterações motoras nestes grupos (NSE) foram observadas apenas quando as videomonitoração foi analisada na velocidade lenta. Além destas, manifestações comportamentais como movimentos rítmicos da cabeça, movimentos súbitos da cabeça, movimentos de todo o corpo e imobilidade também foram observadas em ambos grupos, SE e NSE. Concluímos que as fêmeas NE podem ter se tornado epilépticas. Adicionado a isto, a análise das alterações motoras na velocidade lenta foi essencial para a observação dos achados das fêmeas NSE, o que sugere que possivelmente muitas alterações motoras têm sido subestimados na pesquisa em epilepsia experimental.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Ratas , Pilocarpina/toxicidad , Convulsiones/inducido químicamente , Estado Epiléptico/inducido químicamente , Ratas Wistar , Agonistas Muscarínicos/toxicidad , Modelos TeóricosRESUMEN
Abstract Only few studies have focus on animals that received Pilocarpine (Pilo) and did not develop behavioral status epilepticus (SE) and, whether they may become epileptic in the models chronic phase. Previews works observed mossy fiber sprouting in the hippocampus of Non-SE (NSE) rats, while others observed spontaneous and recurrent seizures (SRS) 6 - 8 months after animals received Pilo. It is known that neuronal excitability is influenced by female hormones, as well as, the occurrence of SE in castrated and non-castrated female rats. However, it is not known whether females that received Pilo and did not show SE, may have SRS. The aim of this work was to investigate whether castrated and non-castrated female rats that did not show behavioral SE after Pilo, will develop SRS in the following one-year. For that, animals received 360 mg/kg of Pilo and were video monitored for 12 months. SE females from castrated and non-castrated groups became epileptic since the first month after drug injection. Epileptic behaviors were identified watching video monitoring recordings in the fast speed. Castrated and Non-castrated NSE animals showed behaviors resembling seizures described by Racine Scale stages 1 - 3. Motor alterations showed by NSE groups could be observed only when recordings were analyzed in slow speed. In addition, behavioral manifestations as, rhythmic head movements, sudden head movements, whole body movements and immobility were also observed in both, SE and NSE groups. We concluded that NSE female rats may have become epileptic. Adding to it, slow speed analysis of motor alterations was essential for the observation of NSE findings, which suggests that possibly many motor alterations have been underestimated in epilepsy experimental research.
Resumo Poucos são os estudos com foco em animais que receberam Pilocarpina (Pilo) e não desenvolveram status epilepticus (SE) comportamental e, se os mesmos se tornarão epilépticos na fase crônica do modelo. Autores observaram o brotamento das fibras musgosas no hipocampo de ratos Não-SE (NSE), enquanto outros observaram crises espontâneas e recorrentes (CER) 6 - 8 meses após receberam a droga. A excitabilidade neuronal é influenciada pelos hormônios femininos e, da mesma forma, a ocorrência de SE em ratas castradas e não-castradas. Entretanto, não é sabido se as fêmeas que não apresentam SE terão CER. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar se fêmeas castradas e não castradas que não tiveram SE comportamental após a injeção de Pilo desenvolverão CER dentro de um ano. Para isto, os animais receberam 360 mg/kg de Pilo e foram videomonitorados por 12 meses. As fêmeas SE castradas e não-castradas se tornaram epilépticas desde o primeiro mês pós Pilo. O comportamento epiléptico foi identificado assistindo as gravações na velocidade rápida. As fêmeas NSE castradas e não-castradas apresentaram comportamentos similares aos estágios 1 - 3 da Escala de Racine. As alterações motoras nestes grupos (NSE) foram observadas apenas quando as videomonitoração foi analisada na velocidade lenta. Além destas, manifestações comportamentais como movimentos rítmicos da cabeça, movimentos súbitos da cabeça, movimentos de todo o corpo e imobilidade também foram observadas em ambos grupos, SE e NSE. Concluímos que as fêmeas NE podem ter se tornado epilépticas. Adicionado a isto, a análise das alterações motoras na velocidade lenta foi essencial para a observação dos achados das fêmeas NSE, o que sugere que possivelmente muitas alterações motoras têm sido subestimados na pesquisa em epilepsia experimental.
RESUMEN
Only few studies have focus on animals that received Pilocarpine (Pilo) and did not develop behavioral status epilepticus (SE) and, whether they may become epileptic in the model's chronic phase. Previews works observed mossy fiber sprouting in the hippocampus of Non-SE (NSE) rats, while others observed spontaneous and recurrent seizures (SRS) 6 - 8 months after animals received Pilo. It is known that neuronal excitability is influenced by female hormones, as well as, the occurrence of SE in castrated and non-castrated female rats. However, it is not known whether females that received Pilo and did not show SE, may have SRS. The aim of this work was to investigate whether castrated and non-castrated female rats that did not show behavioral SE after Pilo, will develop SRS in the following one-year. For that, animals received 360 mg/kg of Pilo and were video monitored for 12 months. SE females from castrated and non-castrated groups became epileptic since the first month after drug injection. Epileptic behaviors were identified watching video monitoring recordings in the fast speed. Castrated and Non-castrated NSE animals showed behaviors resembling seizures described by Racine Scale stages 1 - 3. Motor alterations showed by NSE groups could be observed only when recordings were analyzed in slow speed. In addition, behavioral manifestations as, rhythmic head movements, sudden head movements, whole body movements and immobility were also observed in both, SE and NSE groups. We concluded that NSE female rats may have become epileptic. Adding to it, slow speed analysis of motor alterations was essential for the observation of NSE findings, which suggests that possibly many motor alterations have been underestimated in epilepsy experimental research.
Asunto(s)
Pilocarpina , Estado Epiléptico , Animales , Femenino , Modelos Teóricos , Agonistas Muscarínicos/toxicidad , Pilocarpina/toxicidad , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Convulsiones/inducido químicamente , Estado Epiléptico/inducido químicamenteAsunto(s)
Neoplasias del Ano/diagnóstico , COVID-19 , Neoplasias Colorrectales/diagnóstico , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/tendencias , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/tendencias , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias del Ano/economía , Neoplasias del Ano/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Ano/patología , Brasil/epidemiología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/economía , Neoplasias Colorrectales/epidemiología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Estudios Transversales , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/economía , Femenino , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/economía , Humanos , Masculino , Pacientes no Asegurados/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Derivación y Consulta/economía , Derivación y Consulta/tendenciasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular effects of maxillary infiltration using 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline, 4% articaine with 1:200,000 adrenaline, and 4% articaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline in different stages during restorative dental procedures. METHODS: Twenty healthy patients randomly received 1.8 mL of the three local anaesthetics. Systolic blood pressure, average blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate were evaluated by the oscillometric and photoplethysmograph methods in seven stages during the appointment. RESULTS: Statistical analysis by ANOVA and Tukey tests of cardiovascular parameters did not show significant differences between the anaesthetic associations. There were significant differences for the parameters among different clinical stages. CONCLUSIONS: The variation of cardiovascular parameters was similar for lidocaine and articaine with both adrenaline concentrations and showed no advantage of one drug over the other. Cardiovascular parameters were influenced by the stages of the dental procedures, which showed the effect of anxiety during restorative dental treatment.
Asunto(s)
Anestésicos Locales/administración & dosificación , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Restauración Dental Permanente/métodos , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Carticaína/administración & dosificación , Ansiedad al Tratamiento Odontológico/fisiopatología , Preparación de la Cavidad Dental/instrumentación , Preparación de la Cavidad Dental/métodos , Prueba de la Pulpa Dental , Estimulación Eléctrica , Epinefrina/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Humanos , Inyecciones , Lidocaína/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Monitoreo Fisiológico , Oscilometría , Fotopletismografía/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Tiempo , Vasoconstrictores/administración & dosificación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cassia occidentalis L. (Leguminosae) has long been used as natural medicine in rainforests and other tropical regions for the treatment of inflammation, fever, liver disorders, constipation, worms, fungal infections, ulcers, respiratory infections, snakebite and as a potent abortifacient. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study has investigated the effects of oral sub-acute administration of Cassia occidentalis during pregnancy in female Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three groups of pregnant rats were treated orally from the 1st to the 6th day (pre-implantation period) and from the 7th to the 14th day (organogenic period) of pregnancy, with doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg. On the 20th day of pregnancy, the animals were euthanized and reproductive parameters evaluated. RESULTS: The results revealed no statistically significant differences between the control and treated groups in terms of offspring/dam relationship; fetuses, placentae and ovaries weights; number of implantation and resorption sites; number of corpora lutea in the ovaries and pre- and post-implantation loss rates. However, the presence of dead fetuses was registered in both doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg of Cassia occidentalis. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies should therefore be conducted to obtain more detailed characteristics of the toxic effects of this species, the use of which is not recommended during pregnancy.
Asunto(s)
Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Senna/química , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Muerte Fetal , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The Leishmania species present a genetic homology that ranges from 69 to 90%. Because of this homology, heterologous antigens have been used in the immunodiagnosis and vaccine development against Leishmania infections. In the current work, we describe the identification of species-specific and cross-reactive antigens among several New World Leishmania species, using symptomatic and asymptomatic naturally Leishmania chagasi-infected dog sera. Soluble antigens from five strains of New World Leishmania were separated by electrophoresis in SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted. Different proteins were uniquely recognized in the L. chagasi panel by either symptomatic or asymptomatic dog sera suggesting their use as markers for the progression of disease and diagnosis of the initial (sub-clinical) phase of the infection. Cross-reactive antigens were identified using heterologous antigenic panels (L. amazonensis strains PH8 and BH6, L. guyanensis and L. braziliensis). L. guyanensis panel showed the highest cross-reactivity against L. chagasi specific antibodies, suggesting that proteins from this extract might be suitable for the diagnosis of visceral canine leishmaniasis. Interestingly, the 51 and 97 kDa proteins of Leishmania were widely recognized (77.8% to 100%) among all antigenic panels tested, supporting their potential use for immunodiagnosis. Finally, we identified several leishmanial antigens that might be useful for routine diagnosis and seroepidemiological studies of the visceral canine leishmaniasis.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Perros/inmunología , Leishmania/inmunología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/inmunología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Proteínas Protozoarias/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/clasificación , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Reacciones Cruzadas , Perros , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/métodos , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta/métodos , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta/veterinaria , Sueros Inmunes/inmunología , Immunoblotting , Factores Inmunológicos , Leishmaniasis Visceral/epidemiología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/parasitología , Proteínas Protozoarias/clasificación , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Pruebas Serológicas/veterinaria , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine (0.75-3.0 mg/kg) caused a dose-related seminal emission in adult male rats. The seminal emission response to 3 mg/kg of pilocarpine was greatly reduced in atropinized (5 and 10 mg/kg, SC) animals, suggesting a cholinomimetic effect. Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, SC), a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, also inhibited the pilocarpine-induced seminal emission, which was reversed by L-arginine (600 mg/kg, SC) or by coinjection of sodium nitroprusside (0.5 mg/kg, SC). Urine analysis for levels of nitric oxide metabolites, nitrate/nitrite (NO3-/NO2-), showed marked alterations in accordance with the drug treatments. The results suggest that nitric oxide mediates the inhibitory neurotransmission responsible for seminal emission in pilocarpine stimulated rats.
Asunto(s)
Agonistas Muscarínicos/farmacología , Óxido Nítrico/fisiología , Pilocarpina/farmacología , Semen/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Arginina/farmacología , Atropina/farmacología , Masculino , NG-Nitroarginina Metil Éster/farmacología , Nitratos/orina , Nitritos/orina , Nitroprusiato/farmacología , Área Preóptica/fisiología , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Strains of Trypanosoma cruzi from different geographical areas have shown different levels of susceptibility to trypanosomicidal drugs. The susceptibility in vivo to benznidazole was investigated in eighteen strains of T. cruzi. Twelve were isolated from chronic chagasic patients from different Chagas' disease endemic areas. The other six strains were isolated from the northwestern region of Paraná state; two of them from patients, three from triatomines (Triatoma sordida) and one from wild reservoir (Didelphis sp.). To test drug the infected mice were divided into two groups of twenty. One group was treated with benznidazole for twenty consecutive days and the other group was used as untreated control. The treatment began after detection of the infection by direct blood examination or haemoculture. The control of cure was done through haemoculture and indirect immunofluorescence test. The drug eliminated the inflammatory lesions of the skeletal muscle of mice considered cured and from the heart of most of them. Moreover, the inflammatory lesions were reduced in treated but not cured animals. The T. cruzi strains studied showed a gradient of drug susceptibility that varied from 0% to 100%. Ten strains were considered sensitive to the treatment (61 to 100% of cure), one strain was partially sensitive (50% of cure) and seven strains were considered resistant to the treatment (0 to 40% of cure). This variation was observed both in strains of T. cruzi isolated from domestic and sylvatic cycles.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Chagas/tratamiento farmacológico , Nitroimidazoles/uso terapéutico , Tripanocidas/uso terapéutico , Trypanosoma cruzi/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Brasil , Enfermedad de Chagas/epidemiología , Resistencia a Medicamentos , Enfermedades Endémicas , Femenino , Humanos , RatonesRESUMEN
After partial hepatectomy (approximately 30%), the labelled hepatocyte index (LHI) of the normal mouse is increased and reaches its highest value 48 h after surgery. In mice with schistosomatic fibrosis (SF), the LHI was lower than in the controls at 24, 48 and 72 h after hepatectomy.
Asunto(s)
Cirrosis Hepática Experimental/cirugía , Parasitosis Hepáticas/cirugía , Regeneración Hepática/fisiología , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/cirugía , Animales , Autorradiografía , Hepatectomía , Hígado/patología , Cirrosis Hepática Experimental/fisiopatología , Parasitosis Hepáticas/fisiopatología , Ratones , Tamaño de los Órganos , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/fisiopatología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
In November/89 in the insectary of Centro de Estudos "Emmanuel Dias"/Bambuí-MG a high infestation by the microhymenoptera T. fariai was found. Among the 529 eggs examined from P. megistus and T. vitticeps, 375 (70.9%) of them showed a total of 1045 parasites (91.4% females and 8.6% males). Later on it was found that T. infestans eggs were also parasitised by T. fariai but not those from R. neglectus. The observed parasitoid/egg average was 7.9 in P. megistus; 8.7 in T. vitticeps and 10 in T. infestans. The present report has special importance considering the real possibility of T. fariai infestation due to the access of infested triatomine eggs from field captures inducing great damage to colonies maintained for research purposes. These eggs have to be carefully examined, isolated and eliminated. This procedure and the closing of triatomine containers with thin net (0.25 mm) is show to be efficient in T. fariai control.
Asunto(s)
Himenópteros , Triatoma/parasitología , Animales , Huevos , LaboratoriosRESUMEN
Eighteen patients with protal hypertension were studied. Portal hypertension was due to schistosomiasis (N = 9), cirrhosis (N = 7) and congenital hepatic fibrosis (N = 2) diagnosed by surgical biopsy during the decompressive surgery (selective splenorenal shunt). All the patients have had at least one episode of digestive hemorrhage due to rupture of esophageal varices and received blood transfusion before or during surgery. The incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis was 44% (eight cases). The short and medium-term follow-up was good regardless the etiology of portal hypertension. The authors attributed these results mainly to good hepatic function at the time of surgery, younger patient population and good surgical technical conditions.