RESUMEN
AIM: To examine the influence of body mass index, bioimpedance, and skin folds on the distribution of body interface pressure in regions with the potential to develop pressure ulcers in contact with support surfaces. DESIGN: This was a descriptive and analytical study. METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteer adults were investigated in April 2017. Body mass index, skin folds, waist circumference, bioimpedance, and interface pressure on bony prominences were investigated. Descriptive statistics and correlations were analysed. RESULTS: Peak pressures in the subscapular region presented moderate and significant correlations with body mass index, waist circumference, total and extracellular body water, fat-free mass, and lean mass per body segment. The peak pressure on the right heel showed a moderate correlation with total and extracellular body water, fat-free mass, and lean mass per segment. CONCLUSION: The need for multicenter research was evident, focusing on bioimpedance assessment as a risk factor for the development of pressure ulcers.
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Impedancia Eléctrica , Úlcera por Presión/fisiopatología , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Circunferencia de la CinturaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The subjective global assessment (SGA) is a powerful tool for nutrition status assessment. Our aim was to compare vitamin C serum levels among patients classified as A, B, or C in the SGA. METHODS: One hundred-and-fifty adults in the wards of the University Hospital participated in this study. Besides SGA, all cases were submitted to anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and 24-hour dietary recall. Laboratory data included blood hemoglobin, serum ferritin, serum albumin, transferrin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and vitamin C. Acute phase response was defined by serum CRP > 0.5 mg/dL; low serum vitamin C was defined by serum levels < 0.4 mg/dL. Analysis of variance and χ2 tests were used to compare groups; P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Patients were diagnosed as SGA A (n = 76), B (n = 38), or C (n = 36) and showed different anthropometry and BIA. The same occurred, respectively, with vitamin C (median; range, in mg/day) intake (55.0; 4.7-140.6 vs 34.0; 10.3-244.2 vs 15.8; 2.3-124.0) and high (%) CRP (88.3 vs 65.8 vs 48.7) and low (%) vitamin C serum levels (21.1 vs 34.2 vs 63.9). CONCLUSION: Patients with worst nutrition parameters (SGA C) showed lower ascorbic acid serum levels than those classified as SGA A or B. These results are in accordance with reduced vitamin C intake and the presence of acute phase response.
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Reacción de Fase Aguda , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Hospitalización , Estado Nutricional , Adulto , Anciano , Análisis de Varianza , Antropometría , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Impedancia Eléctrica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Evaluación NutricionalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND The current common practice when using urine as a biomarker for vitamin excretion is to use a 24-hour sample for analysis. Due to the difficulty involved in this process, we attempted to find an alternative solution through the use of a single first morning void. The aim of our study was to investigate if there is a correlation between the first morning single void and the 24-hour collections of urines for the urine metabolite of niacin, N-1-methylnicotinamide (N1MN), and to test the reliability of utilizing a method using first morning single void collections corrected with the concentration of urine creatinine. MATERIAL AND METHODS All urine samples were collected from 30 healthy adult volunteers over the age of 18 years: 20 females and 10 males. Samples were collected after discarding the first morning urine and collecting every other urine voided during the next 24 hours including the first morning urine of the day after in 2 separate vessels. We analyzed the concentration of N1MN by high performance liquid chromatography and the concentration of creatinine by a commercial kit by spectrophotometry. The B3 excretion was expressed as the ratio of N1MN to creatinine. RESULTS We found a significant correlation between the ratios of first morning single void and 24-hour urines. When comparing males and females, the ratio demonstrated a significant correlation as well. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that it is possible to substitute a 24-hour collection with a first morning single void urine for the estimation of N1MN excretion.
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Biomarcadores/orina , Niacina/orina , Adulto , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Creatinina/orina , Femenino , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Masculino , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
PROBLEM: The Brazilian population lacks equitable access to specialized health care and diagnostic tests, especially in remote municipalities, where health professionals often feel isolated and staff turnover is high. Telehealth has the potential to improve patients' access to specialized health care, but little is known about it in terms of cost-effectiveness, access to services or user satisfaction. APPROACH: In 2005, the State Government of Minas Gerais, Brazil, funded the establishment of the Telehealth Network, intended to connect university hospitals with the state's remote municipal health departments; support professionals in providing tele-assistance; and perform tele-electrocardiography and teleconsultations. The network uses low-cost equipment and has employed various strategies to overcome the barriers to telehealth use. LOCAL SETTING: The Telehealth Network connects specialists in state university hospitals with primary health-care professionals in 608 municipalities of the large state of Minas Gerais, many of them in remote areas. RELEVANT CHANGES: From June 2006 to October 2011, 782,773 electrocardiograms and 30 883 teleconsultations were performed through the network, and 6000 health professionals were trained in its use. Most of these professionals (97%) were satisfied with the system, which was cost-effective, economically viable and averted 81% of potential case referrals to distant centres. LESSONS LEARNT: To succeed, a telehealth service must be part of a collaborative network, meet the real needs of local health professionals, use simple technology and have at least some face-to-face components. If applied to health problems for which care is in high demand, this type of service can be economically viable and can help to improve patient access to specialized health care.
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Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Medicina/estadística & datos numéricos , Calidad de la Atención de Salud/organización & administración , Telemedicina/organización & administración , Brasil , Conducta Cooperativa , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/economía , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud/economía , Investigación sobre Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Satisfacción del Paciente , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Calidad de la Atención de Salud/economía , Calidad de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Telemedicina/economía , Telemedicina/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to investigate whether malnourished autopsied adults would present higher frequency of pneumonitis than non-malnourished ones would. All of the autopsied adults (n = 175; age > or = 18 years) with complete records, including weight and height data, were included. Pneumonitis was observed more frequently in malnourished individuals (59.1%) than in non-malnourished individuals (41.3%). This study showed that the percentage of pneumonitis among autopsied adults was high, in addition to an increased risk of pneumonitis among these individuals.
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Neumonía/etiología , Desnutrición Proteico-Calórica/complicaciones , Adulto , Autopsia/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neumonía/epidemiología , Neumonía/patología , Desnutrición Proteico-Calórica/epidemiología , Desnutrición Proteico-Calórica/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the relation between oxidative stress and the occurrence of the acute-phase response with serum ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol levels in patients with pressure sores. METHODS: The following groups of patients were studied: 1) those who had patients with pressure sores, 2) those who had pneumonia, and 3) those who did not develop pressure sores or any type of infection (control). Concentrations of total proteins, albumin, creatinine, iron, ferritin, transferrin, C-reactive protein, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, total iron-binding capacity, ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and malondialdehyde were measured during the first days of hospitalization. RESULTS: Albumin concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) and C-reactive protein concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in patients with pressure sores compared with controls. Concentrations of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in patients who had pressure sores or infection, whereas malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with control patients. Five of 11 patients (55.56%) with pressure sores and 10 of 12 patients (83.33%) with pneumonia presented serum ascorbic acid concentrations below the reference value (34 to 91 micromol/L). Concentrations of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol versus malondialdehyde were significantly correlated in the three patient groups (r = -0.44, P < 0.05; r = -0.55, P < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: Patients with pressure sores and acute infection present a systemic inflammatory response accompanied by an increase in lipid peroxidation that is associated with decreased serum ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol levels, suggesting that these patients may be at risk for important nutritional deficiencies.
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Reacción de Fase Aguda/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Estrés Oxidativo , Úlcera por Presión/metabolismo , alfa-Tocoferol/sangre , Anciano , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Creatinina/sangre , Femenino , Hospitalización , Humanos , Hierro/sangre , Peroxidación de Lípido , Masculino , Malondialdehído/análisis , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estado Nutricional , Oxidación-Reducción , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Neumonía/metabolismo , Albúmina Sérica/análisisRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Malnourished patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can develop pellagra-like manifestations such as dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia; therefore, we tested the hypothesis that patients with AIDS and diarrhea would have niacin depletion. This study compared 24-h urine excretion of N1-methyl-nicotinamide (N1MN) among patients with pellagra and patients with AIDS who did and did not have diarrhea. METHODS: Three groups were studied: G1 (patients with AIDS and diarrhea, n = 5); G2 (patients with AIDS and no diarrhea, n = 7), and G3 (patients with alcoholic pellagra and without the human immunodeficiency virus, n = 8). Diarrhea was defined as the production of at least three liquid stools per day over 3 to 5 d. Studies included mucosal intestinal biopsy, malabsorption tests, detection of parasites in stool, and serum albumin measurements. Semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire, anthropometry, and daily urinary N1MN excretion were also determined. Groups were matched in relation to age, sex, presence of parasites in stool, and intestinal absorption results. RESULTS: G1 had normal intestinal examination by light microscopy and no parasites in stools. G2 group showed lower levels of serum albumin (2.6 +/- 0.3 g/dL) when compared with G1 (3.4 +/- 0.3 g/dL) and G3 (3.1 +/- 0.7 g/dL). Except for patients with pellagra, groups met their energy requirements. Patients in G3 (0.013, 0.01-0.081 mg/dL) and G1 (0.062, 0.001-0.33 mg/dL) excreted smaller amounts of N1MN in urine than did those in G2 (0.63, 0.02-2.9 mg/dL). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with AIDS and diarrhea excreted less N1MN in urine than did those without diarrhea. These patients may have an impaired niacin nutritional status, possibly associated with increased metabolic needs.
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Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/orina , Alcoholismo/orina , Diarrea/orina , Niacina/metabolismo , Niacinamida/análogos & derivados , Niacinamida/orina , Pelagra/orina , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/complicaciones , Adulto , Albúminas/metabolismo , Alcoholismo/complicaciones , Índice de Masa Corporal , Creatinina/orina , Diarrea/etiología , Registros de Dieta , Femenino , Humanos , Absorción Intestinal/fisiología , Masculino , Niacina/deficiencia , Evaluación Nutricional , Pelagra/etiologíaRESUMEN
Endemic pemphigus foliaceus, and long-term corticotherapy may affect serum lipid levels. The aim of this study was to compare serum lipids of pemphigus foliaceus patients on glucocorticoid therapy to a healthy control group. Fifteen patients receiving prednisone (0.33 +/- 0.22 mg/kg) for at least 12 months and 15 controls were submitted to 48-h food intake records, anthropometry, and biochemical measurements. Data were compared by chi2, Mann-Whitney and Student "t" tests. The groups were matched for gender, age, weight, body mass index, arm circumference and triceps skin fold. No differences were observed in relation to energy, fat, protein and carbohydrate daily intakes, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, uric acid, and serum creatinine levels. Pemphigus foliaceus patients had higher triglyceride [159 (64-371) vs. 100 (45-133) mg/dl], VLDL [32 (13-74) vs. 20 (9-114) mg/dl] and ESR [44 (9-87) vs. 7 (1-30) mm/h] levels than controls, probably due to metabolic effects of inflammatory disease and corticotherapy.