RESUMEN
Influence of fixation medium and storage conditions as well as impact of sample mineralisation procedure on determination of minerals in human fascia lata was examined and discussed. Freezing and storage in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution and in 2.5% glutaraldehyde were used as the preservation methods of the samples. The concentrations of, both essential and toxic, elements were measured by ICP-OES method in fascia lata samples mineralised with concentrated nitric acid in a closed microwave system and in open vessels heated on a hot plate. Freezing was found as the best preserving method of fascia lata samples because of the number of elements determined and determination precision. The trace element (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Sr, Zn) concentrations obtained in samples decomposed using the conventional hot plate were different from analogous measurements in solutions obtained after application of closed vessels and microwave energy assistance. Differences between the mineral compositions of fascia samples variously preserved and mineralised were statistically evaluated and discussed. Interelement correlations were analysed taking into account an impact of various methods of sample conservation. Strong, positive association between element content was discovered for Cr-Ba, Mn-Ba, P-Ba, Sr-Ba, Sr-Ca, Zn-Ca, Mn-Cr, Pb-Cr, Sr-Cr, Mg-Fe, P-Fe, Pb-Ni, Ti-Ni and Sr-P pairs of elements.
Asunto(s)
Fascia Lata/química , Minerales/metabolismo , Conservación de Tejido/métodos , Oligoelementos/análisis , Congelación , Humanos , Microondas , Ácido Nítrico/química , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Espectrofotometría Atómica/métodosRESUMEN
Several very popular brands of isotonic and energy drinks consumed for fluid and electrolyte supplementation and stimulation of mental or physical alertness were chosen for investigation. Liquid beverages available in polyethylene bottles and aluminum cans as well as products in the form of tablets and powder in sachets were studied. The total concentrations of 21 elements (Ag, Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn), both essential and toxic, were simultaneously determined in preconcentrated drink samples by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) equipped with pneumatic and ultrasonic nebulizers. Differences between the mineral compositions of isotonic and energy drinks were evaluated and discussed. The highest content of Na was found in both isotonic and energy drinks, whereas quite high concentrations of Mg were found in isotonic drinks, and the highest amount of calcium was quantified in energy drinks. The concentrations of B, Co, Cu, Ni, and P were higher in isotonic drinks, but energy drinks contained greater quantities of Ag, Cr, Zn, Mn, and Mo and toxic elements, as Cd and Pb. A comparison of element contents with micronutrient intake and tolerable levels was performed to evaluate contribution of the investigated beverages to the daily diet. The consumption of 250 cm(3) of an isotonic drink provides from 0.32% (for Mn) up to 14.8% (for Na) of the recommended daily intake. For the energy drinks, the maximum recommended daily intake fulfillment ranged from 0.02% (for V) to 19.4 or 19.8% (for Mg and Na).
Asunto(s)
Bebidas Energéticas/análisis , Análisis de los Alimentos , Valor Nutritivo , Oligoelementos/análisis , Bebidas Energéticas/efectos adversos , HumanosRESUMEN
The mineral composition of pathologically unchanged human fascia lata was examined here using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method for the first time. The total concentrations of Ag, Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, Ti, V and Zn were simultaneously measured in the tissue secured during autopsy. The age-related changes and between-gender differences in mineral composition of the examined tissue were investigated and discussed.
Asunto(s)
Fascia Lata/metabolismo , Minerales/metabolismo , Oligoelementos/metabolismo , Humanos , Espectrofotometría AtómicaRESUMEN
A cloud point extraction (CPE) procedure for the simultaneous separation and preconcentration of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn from materials rich in calcium prior to trace element analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) was developed. The method is based on the formation of hydrophobic complexes of the metal ions with PAN or 5-Br-PADAP, followed by their extraction into a surfactant-rich phase using Triton X-114 as the surfactant. The main variables affecting the extraction process, such as pH, concentration of surfactant and chelating agent were optimised. Under the optimum conditions the obtained limits of detection for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn were of 4.0, 4.3, 2.1, 1.9, 0.3, 5.6, 40 and 2.0 microg L(-1), respectively. The RSD values for 10 replicates were from 1.5% for Mn to 11% for Pb. The accuracy of the procedure was verified by analysis of certified reference material NIST 1400 (Bone Ash) and by recovery tests. The optimised method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of trace elements in dolomites used by different fertiliser factories.
Asunto(s)
Calcio/análisis , Sustancias Peligrosas/análisis , Análisis Espectral/métodos , Oligoelementos/análisis , Octoxinol , Polietilenglicoles/química , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Tensoactivos/químicaRESUMEN
Accumulation of metals in deciduous tree foliage from urban areas in western-south Poland was monitored during the vegetation season of 2000 year. Concentrations of Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti and Zn were measured in birch, willow, linden and maple leaves using the ICP-AES method. Seasonal variations of metal concentrations and their relations with sampling site were investigated. The most dynamic accumulation of Al, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb was observed for examined species. The highest differences in element concentrations for investigated sites were found for Ba, Cd, Mn and Ni. Interelement correlations were investigated. In all foliar samples synergistic relationships between Al-Cr and Ca-Sr were found. Statistically significant negative correlations were observed only for Cd and Ti in birch leaves.