RESUMEN
Experimental studies of infection of Apodemus flavicollis, and for comparison of rickettsiaemia in Clethrionomys glareolus and of susceptibility and antibody formation in white mice, with rickettsiae of the SF group isolated in Slovakia, gave the following results: The species A. flavicollis reacted by the formation of antibodies on subcutaneous administration of rickettsiae, strain B, in an amount of 10(0.5) EID50/0.25 ml, whereas the white mouse only in an amount of 10(2.5). Rickettsiae, strain B, administered in an amount of 10(3.5)EID50/0.25 ml subcutaneously to A. flavicollis were found in smears from the liver and spleen of the inoculated animals up to the 25th day following infection, on detection by the isolation test on chick embryo yolk sacs in the spleen on day 5 and 7, in lymph nodes on day 7 and in the brain on day 15 following infection; on detection by the method of injecting suspension from the organs into the haemocoelom fo ticks regularly in the spleen and liver up to the 10th day, in the brain, kidney and lymph nodes regularly up to the 15th and irregularly in the lungs also up to the 15 day, then regularly in the testes up to the 5th day and in the heart, blood and peritoneum up to the 3rd day after infection. Subcutaneous inoculation of rickettsial suspension in an amount of 10(5)EID50/0.25 ml into A. flavicollis and C. glareolus did not produce rickettsiaemia. However, rickettsiaemia was demonstrated in A. flavicollis on day 3 and 7, and in C. glareolus on day 1, 3, 5 and 7 following the bite by female D. marginatus ticks naturally infected by rickettsiae. A. flavicollis mice responded to oral infection by a suspension of rickettsiae, strain B, by the formation of specific antibodies. Subcutaneous administration of various amounts of rickettsiae, strain D, provoked in A. flavicollis and in white mice the formation of antibodies which in A. flavicollis persisted up to the 44th week following infection and reached the values up to greater than 1:1024 between the 2nd and 6th week, while in the white mice they persisted only up to the 12th week following infection and did not exceed the values of 1:256 in the course of the first 6 weeks. The results suggest that the species A. flavicollis will probably play an important role in the circulation of rickettsiae in nature.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antibacterianos , Formación de Anticuerpos , Ratones/inmunología , Rickettsia rickettsii/inmunología , Animales , Encéfalo/microbiología , Checoslovaquia , Riñón/microbiología , Hígado/microbiología , Ganglios Linfáticos/microbiología , Ratones/microbiología , Rickettsia rickettsii/aislamiento & purificación , Sepsis , Bazo/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Natural foci of Q fever and of spotted fever group rickettsiae in the Kosice district of east Slovakia are described and discussed. It was established that the natural focus of Q fever was a secondary one. Cattle were observed to be the main source of human infection and a high proportion of synanthropic rodents was found to be infested with Coxiella burnetii. The natural focus of spotted fever group rickettsiae was shown to be of a primary character, such rickettsiae circulating among ticks and small mammals. It is suggested that natural foci of spotted fever group rickettsiae in east Slovakia may be connected with the natural distribution of Dermacentor ticks.
Asunto(s)
Reservorios de Enfermedades , Animales , Checoslovaquia , HumanosRESUMEN
Experimental studies of infection of Apodemus flavicollis, and for comparison of rickettsiaemia in Clethrionomys glareolus and of susceptibility and antibody formation in white mice, with rickettsiae of the SF group isolated in Slovakia, gave the following results: the species A. flavicollis reacted by the formation of antibodies on subcutaneous administration of rickettsiae, strain B, in an amount of 10(0.5) EID 50/0.25 ml, whereas the white mouse only in an amount of 10(2.5). Rickettsiae, strain B, administered in an amount of 10(3.5) EID 50/0.25 ml subcutaneously to A. flavicollis were found in smears from the liver and spleen of the inoculated animals up to the 25th day following infection, on detection by the isolation test on chick embryo yolk sacs in the spleen on day 5 and 7, in lymph nodes on day 7 and in the brain on day 15 following infection; on detection by the method of injecting suspension from the organs into the haemocoelom of ticks regularly in the spleen and liver up to the 10th day, in the brain, kidney and lymph nodes regularly up to the 15th and irregularly in the lungs also up to the 15th day, then regularly in the testes up to the 5th day and in the heart, blood and peritoneum up to the 3rd day after infection.
Asunto(s)
Reservorios de Enfermedades , Infecciones por Rickettsia , Roedores , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/biosíntesis , Sangre/microbiología , Checoslovaquia , Ratones , Especificidad de Órganos , Rickettsia/inmunología , Rickettsia/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Rickettsia/inmunología , Infecciones por Rickettsia/microbiología , Infecciones por Rickettsia/transmisiónRESUMEN
Ixodid ticks collected in the Armenian SSR during 1971 and 1974 were positive for rickettsiae of the spotted fever group, as confirmed by haemocyte tests and by isolation experiments. Serum specimens collected from human beings and from domestic and wild animals in the same areas contained antibodies against such rickettsiae and against Coxiella burnetii. These results indicate the existence of mixed natural foci of rickettsioses of the spotted fever group and of Q fever in the Armenian SSR.
Asunto(s)
Reservorios de Enfermedades , Animales , Armenia , Reservorios de Enfermedades/veterinaria , HumanosRESUMEN
A study of the natural focus character of Q fever and the rickettsiosis caused by organisms of the SF group carried out in 1971-1973 in 7 selected villages in the Lucenec district and in a few control villages in the V. Krtis district, produced the following results: Among a total number of 2,200 ticks belonging to the species Dermacentor marginatus, Ixodes ricinus and Haemaphysalis punctata and tested for the presence of rickettsial organisms by the haemocyte test, C. burneti was detected in 8 from the chosen localities--in 2 females and 1 male of D. marginatus in Luborec, in 1 2. ricinus female in Maskova and in 1 female and 3 males of I. ricinus in Pincina--and in 5 from the control localities--in 1 D. marginatus female in Prebelce and in 3 females and 1 male of D. marginatus in V. Lom.
Asunto(s)
Coxiella/inmunología , Infecciones por Rickettsia/epidemiología , Rickettsia/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Bovinos , Pruebas de Fijación del Complemento , Checoslovaquia , Vectores de Enfermedades , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación , Humanos , Ratones , Ácaros , Fiebre Q/inmunología , Fiebre Maculosa de las Montañas Rocosas/inmunología , Ovinos , Siphonaptera , Porcinos , GarrapatasRESUMEN
Fleas and mites obtained from 115 mole nests in Central Slovakia from an area where Q fever and rickettsiosis due to rickettsie of the SF occur, from the border of this area and apart from it, were tested for infestation with rickettsiae by the method of isolation of rickettsiae on chick embryo yolk sacs, by the method of detection of rickettsiae on smears from the arthropods using immunofluorescence, by the method of exposure of albino mice and Apodemus flavicollis to mole nests and by the method of inoculation of suspension from the arthropods to albino mice. In the latter two methods, infestation of the arthropods was assessed according to the formation of antibodies in the mice. It has been found that fleas and mites in all three areas under test are infected with C. burneti and with rickettsia of the SF group. C. burneti was currently detected in the focus of rickettsioses and in the localities situated in its borders while only one case was observed apart from the focus. Rickettsiae of the SF group were found in fleas and mites in all areas tested showing no greater percentual differences. The method of detection of rickettsia in smears from the arthropods using the immunofluorescence technique and antibody response in mice inoculated with infected arthropods was found to be the most effective in these studies. On the basis of the obtained results the authors believe that mites and fleas living in mole nests participate in the circulation of both species of rickettsiae in nature in the transfer of rickettsiae among small mammals. The question whether these arthropods are a reservoir, a biological or a mechanical vector, still remains open.