RESUMEN

This paper aims to screen and identify sphere clone cells with characteristics similar to cancer stem cells in human gallbladder cancer cell line GBC-SD. GBC-SD cells were cultured in a serum-free culture medium with different concentrations of the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin for generating sphere clones. The mRNA expressions of stem cell-related genes CD133, OCT-4, Nanog, and drug resistance genes ABCG2 and MDR-1 in sphere clones were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Stem cell markers were also analyzed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining. Different amounts of sphere clones were injected into nude mice to test their abilities to form tumors. Sphere clones were formed in serum-free culture medium containing cisplatin (30 µmol/L). Flow cytometry results demonstrated that the sphere clones expressed high levels of stem cell markers CD133(+) (97.6%) and CD44(+) (77.9%) and low levels of CD24(+) (2.3%). These clones also overexpressed the drug resistance genes ABCG2 and MDR-1. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that sphere clones expressed stem cell genes Nanog and OCT-4 284 and 266 times, respectively, more than those in the original GBC-SD cells. Immunofluorescent staining showed that sphere clones overexpressed OCT-4, Nanog, and SOX-2, and low expressed MUC1 and vimentin. Tumor formation experiments showed that 1×10(3) sphere clone cells could induce much larger tumors in nude mice than 1×10(5) GBC-SD cells. In conclusion, sphere clones of gallbladder cancer with stem cell-like characteristics can be obtained using suspension cultures of GBC-SD cells in serum-free culture medium containing cisplatin.

Asunto(s)

Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/patología , Células Madre Neoplásicas/patología , Esferoides Celulares/patología , Antígeno AC133 , Animales , Antígenos CD/genética , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Antígeno CD24/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Cisplatino/farmacología , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Femenino , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/patología , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/genética , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Glicoproteínas/genética , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Humanos , Receptores de Hialuranos/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Mucina-1/genética , Células Madre Neoplásicas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Factor 3 de Transcripción de Unión a Octámeros/genética , Péptidos/genética , Péptidos/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción SOXB1/genética , Esferoides Celulares/efectos de los fármacos , Esferoides Celulares/metabolismo , Trasplante Heterólogo , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto