RESUMEN
The Guideline on Second trimester anomaly scan has been prepared by the National Maternal Fetal Medicine guidelines committee, approved by the Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Pakistan. These guidelines are developed in 2022 and will be reviewed after two years. The current document provides guidance about the importance of second trimester scan to practicing clinicians and sonologists. It will enable them to offer it timely offer to their patient this scan and refer them to the Fetal medicine specialist when indicated. It is unique as the document is modified according to local needs. The Guidelines are developed in 2022 and will be reviewed after two years.
RESUMEN
This guideline has been prepared by the National Maternal Fetal Medicine guidelines committee and approved by the Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Pakistan. These recommendations will enable the practicing clinicians to optimally manage pregnancies at risk of preterm birth.
Asunto(s)
Nacimiento Prematuro , Embarazo , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Humanos , Nacimiento Prematuro/prevención & control , PakistánRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To observe the frequency and severity of perineal tears during vaginal delivery. METHODS: It was a prospective observational study done at the Countess Lady Duffrin Fund Hospital, Hyderabad, Pakistan, from December 1, 2009 to May 31, 2010. Women with full-term singleton pregnancy primigravida or multigravida, in active labour were included in the study. Patients with pre-term labour, breech presentation and antepartum haemorrhage were excluded, leaving the study population to be 147/1488. A predesigned structured proforma was used after informed verbal consent by the patient. All results were analysed on SPSS version 11. Frequencies and percentages were calculated, while Spearman's rho test (two-tailed) was applied for categorical variables. A p-value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The frequency of perineal tears in our study was 147/1488 (9.8%). The mean age was 28.08 +/- 7.47, ranging between 17-42 years. The vast majority, 100 (68%) delivered spontaneously, 45 (30.6%) were delivered with help of the forceps, and only 2 (1.4%) had vacuum delivery. Parity, oxytocin use, mediolateral episiotomy, forceps use, weight of babies > 3.6 kg were significantly associated with perineal tears. CONCLUSION: Perineal tears cause considerable post-natal morbidity. Identification of risk factors, vigilant monitoring during labour and good perineal support is recommended for minimising the risk of perineal trauma as well as morbidity.
Asunto(s)
Parto Obstétrico/efectos adversos , Hospitales de Condado , Trabajo de Parto , Complicaciones del Trabajo de Parto/epidemiología , Forceps Obstétrico/efectos adversos , Perineo/lesiones , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Recién Nacido , Complicaciones del Trabajo de Parto/diagnóstico , Complicaciones del Trabajo de Parto/etiología , Pakistán/epidemiología , Paridad , Embarazo , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Rotura , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of awareness about Human Immune-deficiency Virus Infection and Auto Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) among women attending obstetrics and gynaecology clinic. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the obstetric and gynaecology clinic at Isra University Hospital Hyderabad Pakistan from April to June 2007. A total of 189 women attending the obstetric and gynaecology clinic between ages 20 and 50 years were included. Informed consent was taken and information was collected by a pre-designed questionnaire to assess the level of awareness about HIV/AIDS. Data analysis was done by computer software, SPSS version 11. RESULTS: Out of the total, 86.8% women had heard about HIV/AIDS. A large majority of women knew that it is transmitted by close sexual relationship, through infected blood, can be transmitted from mother to baby and knew that it is transmitted by reuse of infected needles while only 40.7% knew that it can be transmitted during delivery. The respondents had the knowledge that multiple sexual partners (79.4%), prostitutes and homosexual males (49.7%), drug addicts (49.7%) were high risk groups. Regarding prevention of AIDS, 70.9% mentioned avoiding homosexuality, 58.7% knew the use of condoms and 74.7% women knew that screening of blood in laboratories before transfusion can prevent AIDS. CONCLUSION: The level of awareness regarding HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention was satisfactory among women attending the out-patient department of a gynaecology and obstetrics department. However, number of misconceptions needs to be corrected.