RESUMEN
Neuromyalgic syndrome (NMS) is clinically and electroneuromyographically (ENMG) first-ever described in 50 children aged 2-13. Muscular pains and pains along peripheral nerves occur in post-infection period of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), intestinal and parotitoviral infections with transient (in 3-6 days), dysfunction of peripheral nervous system and muscles. NMS is characterized by predominant involvement of lower limb muscles in pathologic process and by rarely developing generalized form. There are 3 types of changes of nerve conductivity and excitability with conductive blocks absence and disturbances regression that enable to distinguish these dysfunctions from ENMG changes in polyneuropathy. Provoked by infection, transitory non-specific inflammatory muscular reaction and functional disorders of nerve conductivity and excitability may be considered as one of the possible mechanisms of NMS development. More than 20 years of clinical and research experience of in neuroinfections clinic, supports the validity of NMS distinguishing among children acute infections for further diagnostic differentiation with polyneuropathy, viral meningitis and ARVI.
Asunto(s)
Fibromialgia/etiología , Dolor/etiología , Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Grave/complicaciones , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Electromiografía , Femenino , Fibromialgia/diagnóstico , Fibromialgia/fisiopatología , Humanos , Masculino , Meningitis Viral/diagnóstico , Conducción Nerviosa/fisiología , Dolor/diagnóstico , Dolor/fisiopatología , Polineuropatías/diagnóstico , Síndrome , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
A subdural exudate (SE) complicating bacterial meningitis in 28 children was diagnosed by the findings at diaphanoscopy, subdurography, thermography, CT, EEG, echo-EG, rheo-EG in the evidence of aggravating neurological symptoms. SE drainage was carried out in all the cases, in 20 patients it was bilateral. CNS age-specific anatomicophysiological features responsible for emergence of the exudate primarily in the anterior hemispheric compartments subject to consequent atrophy are considered when assessing mechanisms of the exudate development in infants.
Asunto(s)
Meningitis Bacterianas/complicaciones , Efusión Subdural/etiología , Enfermedad Aguda , Cuidados Críticos , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Gripe Humana/complicaciones , Gripe Humana/diagnóstico , Gripe Humana/terapia , Masculino , Meningitis Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Meningitis Bacterianas/terapia , Meningitis Meningocócica/complicaciones , Meningitis Meningocócica/diagnóstico , Meningitis Meningocócica/terapia , Meningitis Neumocócica/complicaciones , Meningitis Neumocócica/diagnóstico , Meningitis Neumocócica/terapia , Meningitis Viral/complicaciones , Meningitis Viral/diagnóstico , Meningitis Viral/terapia , Examen Neurológico , Punciones/métodos , Efusión Subdural/química , Efusión Subdural/diagnóstico , Efusión Subdural/terapia , Espacio SubduralRESUMEN
Female, male, larva and pupa of Simulium kachvorjanae sp. n. belonging to the group morsitans are described. The species is recorded in the forest-steppe zone of the Ukraine. Differential diagnosis of the species at different developmental stages is given.
Asunto(s)
Simuliidae/clasificación , Animales , Femenino , Larva/anatomía & histología , Larva/clasificación , Masculino , Pupa/anatomía & histología , Pupa/clasificación , Simuliidae/anatomía & histología , Árboles , UcraniaRESUMEN
Analysis of the socioeconomic effectiveness of the use of immune antimeningococcal plasma in patients with the grave patterns of meningococcal infection has shown that introduction of the preparation into multimodality therapy results not only in a considerable medicosocial effect (reduction of lethality, lowering of the patients' stay at a hospital, a more rapid, as compared with the control group, removal of the symptoms of intoxication, elimination of hemodynamic disorders underlying the infectious toxic shock) but also in an appreciable economic effect.
Asunto(s)
Sueros Inmunes/administración & dosificación , Inmunización Pasiva/economía , Infecciones Meningocócicas/terapia , Neisseria meningitidis/inmunología , Niño , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Humanos , Infecciones Meningocócicas/economía , Federación de RusiaAsunto(s)
Infecciones Meningocócicas/terapia , Neisseria meningitidis/inmunología , Plasma/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Preescolar , Terapia Combinada , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Humanos , Lactante , Recuento de Leucocitos , Masculino , Infecciones Meningocócicas/inmunología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The results of morphological investigation of 254 children who have died in Leningrad from the currently most topical viral, bacterial, and mycoplasmic neuroinfections are analyzed. The authors describe the changes related to the properties of the causative agent, the nature of infection (intrauterine or postnatal), and to the duration of the disease. Clinical findings are collated with the literature data. Different meningoencephalitides show considerable polymorphism of the clinical symptomatology and structural alterations. The principles of the reliable etiological diagnosis of neuroinfections are validated. The authors propose that the terms 'meningoencephalitis' and 'generalized infection with cerebral involvement' be used differentially.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones Bacterianas/patología , Encéfalo/patología , Meningoencefalitis/patología , Virosis/patología , Niño , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Meninges/patologíaRESUMEN
A total of 125 children with acute infections were examined for herpetic infection, using the conventional viroserological techniques, as well as new methods for rapid diagnosis: the immune competition and immune hemadsorption tests. Thorough pathomorphological examination was carried out in lethal cases. The diagnosis was confirmed in 24 cases. The latter were divided into three groups: (1) herpetic encephalitides (n = 15), serous meningitis (n = 1), and meningomyeloradiculoneuritis (n = 1); (2) involvement of the nervous system as a result of exacerbation of latent herpetic infection in suppurative meningitides (n = 5); (3) persistence of the herpes virus in other neuroinfections (n = 2). Excerpts from the case reports, and electroencephalographic and pathomorphological findings are presented.
Asunto(s)
Herpes Simple/diagnóstico , Meningoencefalitis/diagnóstico , Neuritis/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Encéfalo/patología , Niño , Preescolar , Electroencefalografía , Femenino , Herpes Simple/patología , Humanos , Lactante , Meningoencefalitis/patología , Necrosis , Neuritis/patología , Piamadre/patologíaRESUMEN
The time course of specific antibody production, interferon production in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and the capacity of blood cells for interferon production were compared in 270 children with glandular and neuroglandular forms of mumps virus infection (MVI). A significant decrease of antibody production in neuroglandular form of MVI and lower interferon titres in the blood in the acute period of this form of infection were noted. The severity of the course of meningitis was inversely related to interferon levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients. In aseptic meningitis, the capacity of blood leukocytes for interferon production upon their repeated contact with mumps virus was disturbed while interferon synthesis induced by other interferon inducers (polyI: polyC) did not change. In patients with neuroglandular form of MVI having low interferon titres, high monocytosis in the blood was observed at the period of meningitis symptoms onset. Superimposition of acute respiratory virus infections in MVI leads to more severe course of meningitis with prolongation of meningeal symptoms and of the period required for the elimination of pathogenic agents from the cerebrospinal fluid.
Asunto(s)
Paperas/inmunología , Adolescente , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Inmunidad Innata , Lactante , Interferones/análisis , Recuento de Leucocitos , Meningitis Viral/inmunología , Paperas/complicaciones , Virus de la Parotiditis/inmunología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Virosis/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The characteristics of immune responsiveness were studied in 455 children aged 2 months to 14 years with the generalized forms of meningococcal infection. In children of all age groups an increase in the titers of antibodies to meningococci was revealed; this increase started from day 4 of the disease, reached its maximum at the end of week 3 or the beginning of week 4 and correlated with the severity of the disease and the age of the patients. A drop in the IgG level in the course of the disease and a rise in the IgM level by the end of week 2 were observed. A decrease in the content of T-lymphocytes at the acute period of the disease and an increase in the number of B-lymphocytes, especially by the end of week 2 of the disease, were established.
Asunto(s)
Reacciones Antígeno-Anticuerpo , Infecciones Meningocócicas/inmunología , Adolescente , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/análisis , Formación de Anticuerpos , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Inmunidad Celular , Inmunoglobulina A/análisis , Inmunoglobulina G/análisis , Inmunoglobulina M/análisis , Lactante , Neisseria meningitidis/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The results of the use of the two new methods for early diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infection based on immuno-mediated hemagglutination and hemadsorption are presented. In these methods, staphylococcal diagnostic preparations with two kinds of adsorbed antibody are used which allow the presence of the virus to be detected and simultaneously identified. These tests help to detect virus both in the liquid phase at 1-8 days after the onset of the study (immune competition test) and in infected culture cells within the first few days postinfection and long before the appearance of marked cytopathic effect (immune hemadsorption tect). The employment of these methods for the diagnosis of herpetic affection of the central nervous system in children increases by 10-15% the rate of detection of herpes simplex virus with simultaneous identification of the virus.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico , Herpes Simple/complicaciones , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/etiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/microbiología , Niño , Preescolar , Encefalitis Transmitida por Garrapatas/diagnóstico , Hemabsorción , Pruebas de Hemaglutinación/métodos , Herpes Simple/diagnóstico , Herpes Simple/microbiología , Humanos , Lactante , Meningitis Viral/diagnóstico , Meningitis Viral/etiología , Meningoencefalitis/diagnóstico , Meningoencefalitis/etiología , Pruebas Serológicas/métodos , Simplexvirus/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades Cutáneas Infecciosas/diagnóstico , Cultivo de Virus/métodosRESUMEN
A comprehensive examination of children aged one to 12 years suffering from epidemic parotitis (mumps) was carried out. Changes on the electro-, rheo-, and echoencephalograms were revealed, these changes depending on the form (glandular or glandular-nervous) and the period of the disease. The most pronounced disturbances were noted in the acute period of the disease in children with the glandular-nervous form of parotitis. As the children recovered the EEG, REG and echo-EEG findings in most of them still remained abnormal. This shows that the epidemic parotitis virus affects the nervous system.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnóstico , Circulación Cerebrovascular , Ecoencefalografía , Electroencefalografía , Paperas/diagnóstico , Pletismografía de Impedancia , Niño , Preescolar , Humanos , Lactante , Meningitis/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Six patients with Huntington's chorea in the age of 15-24 years old, suffered from diffusive choreic hyperkynesis with slowly progressive dementia. The development of this disease in childhood and adolescence was atypical, as nobody in the family and in kin sufferred from it and it was difficult to diagnose the disease. Recognition of the disease was promoted by pneumoencephalography, electromyography and memory investigation.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Huntington/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Electromiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedad de Huntington/epidemiología , Masculino , Memoria , Neumoencefalografía , Pruebas PsicológicasRESUMEN
The neurological manifestations of Osler-Rendu's syndrome observed in 10 patients were characterized by polymorph permanent of transient clinical pathology in the forms of subarachnoidal hemorrhages, ischemic disturbances of cerebral circulation, symptoms on the part of the brain stem, headaches, vestibular and convulsive disturbances. The cerebral disorders were caused by teleangiectases in the cerebral vessels, the fact, that was confirmed in 2 cases on autopsy. The cerebral teleangiectases may be the cause of a number of etiologically vague neurological syndromes (spontaneous subarachnoidal hemorrhages, etc.). While diagnosing the cerebral form of Osler-Rendu's syndrome one should take into consideration both neurological and somatic manifestations.