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Summary: Anaphylaxis is a severe, rapidly developing, and life-threatening systemic hypersensitivity reaction. The diagnosis of anaphylaxis is primarily clinical. Numerous studies on the mechanisms and the biomarkers of the disease are initiated every year. The biomarkers of anaphylaxis may become an important tool for the diagnosis, prevention, repeated risk assessment, severity stratification, and new therapeutic strategies for treatment of the disease. Various immune and non-immune mediators produced and released by effector cell populations are currently considered as biomarkers of anaphylaxis. Here, we review the current data on potential biomarkers of anaphylaxis and the possibilities and perspectives for their use in future clinical practice.
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Combined dry extract BNO 1016 is a herbal drug commonly used for rhinosinusitis therapy. It is known that a significant role in rhinosinusitis pathogenesis is played by an inflammatory reaction in maxillary sinuses of the nasal cavity. At the initial stage of any inflammation the largest impact is caused by leukotrienes. Major chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) according to the guideline EPOS-2020 include facial pain as clinical diagnostic criteria for rhinosinusitis. Therefore, it is reasonable to study the analgesic effects of the combined dry extract BNO 1016 on the model of zymozan- induced hyperalgesia. The tested drug is the combined dry extract BNO 1016 ("Bionorica SE", Germany) at different dose levels. The reference drug is ibuprofen. Leukotriene hyperalgesia was induced by subplantar injection of zymozan into the paw of Wistar rats. Pain threshold was evaluated with Ugo-Basil analgesimeter and analgesic activity was calculated together with mean effective dose (ED50) with help of the Probit Analysis. The highest analgesic activity was observed at a dose level of 500 mg/kg of BNO 1016 during all time-points of the experiment and reached 169.5% 3h after hyperalgesia onset. The analgesic activity of BNO 1016 at doses of 50 mg/kg in 1h, 2h, 3h after induction hyperalgesia, 150 mg/kg and 500 mg/ kg was credibly higher than that of Ibuprofen at all time-points of the experiment. Based on the experimental data, the index of ED50 for analgesic activity of BNO 1016 was calculated with Probit Analysis. The combined dry extract BNO 1016 shows a high level of analgesic activity in the leukotriene-depended hyperalgesia model, which is very promising for the improvement of treatment of patients with CRS, but additional preclinical and clinical researches are reasonable.
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Hiperalgesia , Sinusitis , Analgésicos/farmacología , Animales , Humanos , Hiperalgesia/tratamiento farmacológico , Ibuprofeno , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucotrienos/efectos adversos , Extractos Vegetales , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Sinusitis/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Accelerator neutron sources for epithermal neutron capture therapy utilizing the 7Li(p,n) nuclear reaction will require a moderator even in the threshold range of 1.89 to 1.95 MeV. The corresponding neutron energies allow for a thinner reflector and moderator, with less reduction of the epithermal flux. To estimate the useful neutron flux within the epithermal range (4 eV-40 keV), the optimal thickness of a heavy water moderator was determined using the two-dimensional neutron transport S(N) code DORT. Optimized results are compared with the epithermal fluxes reported for the higher proton energy range, and are found to be inferior. Thus, this study supports the 2.5-3.0 MeV proton energy range for accelerator boron neutron capture therapy.
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Terapia por Captura de Neutrón de Boro/métodos , Aceleradores de Partículas , Terapia por Captura de Neutrón de Boro/instrumentación , Encéfalo , Isótopos , Litio , Neutrones , Fantasmas de Imagen , ProtonesRESUMEN
Accelerator neutron sources for epithermal neutron capture therapy utilising the 7Li(p,n) nuclear reaction are proposed to operate in the range of 1.88 to 2.5 MeV proton energy. Operation with proton energies closer to the reaction threshold decreases neutron yield but allows for smaller reflector and moderator, with less reduction of the epithermal flux, whereas high energies allow thicker targets to be used. The neutron yields for thick lithium targets are estimated in the energy range of 1.881 MeV to 2.5 MeV and useful neutron flux determined. The optimal range of proton energy is found to be 1.89-1.95 MeV, and this is recommended for more detailed studies of neutron transport properties for accelerator BNCT.