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Novel modified-TiO2/Zr-doped SiO2/g-C3N4 ternary composite is fabricated via an in-situ grow of porous Zr-SiO2 layer to TiO2/g-C3N4 heterojunction, which exhibits well adsorption-photocatalytic performance under simulated solar light irradiation. The nano-size mesoporous TiO2 are dispersed on the lamellar g-C3N4, and the Zr-SiO2 is in-situ fabricated onto the surface of g-C3N4 sheets. The adsorption occurs on the SiO2 layers, and doping Zr element to SiO2 enhances the adsorption of pollutants, while the photocatalytic reaction occurs on the valence band (VB) of TiO2 and conduction band (CB) of g-C3N4, which gives reactive oxygen species of ∙O2-, h+, and ∙OH for high efficient decomposition of antibiotics, i.e. berberine hydrochloride (98.11%), tetracycline (80.76%), and oxytetracycline (84.84%). The excellent adsorption capacity and Z-scheme photoinduced charge carrier migration behavior endowed the novel material with enhanced berberine hydrochloride (BH) removal in water, which approximately 2.5 and 3.8 folds than that of pure g-C3N4 and sole TiO2, respectively. Three degradation pathways are unraveled by LC-MS and theoretical calculations. Furthermore, the toxicity of intermediates was evaluated by the Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (T.E.S.T.), the result demonstrated a good application potential of M-TiO2/Zr-SiO2/g-C3N4 as an novel adsorptive photocatalyst.

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In this work, discrete quantum dots of crystallized anatase TiO2 are successfully anchored on carbon nanosheets containing amorphous SiO2 via templated self-assembly and pyrolysis routes. The novel hybrid photocatalyst of TiO2/C/SiO2 exhibits well coupled adsorption and visible light photocatalysis on chlorpromazine (CPZ) and the rate constants are 0.0223 and 0.0198 min-1, respectively. The direct photocatalytic degradation of CPZ under static conditions reaches 91.1% within 3 h while a removal rate of 31.4% for CPZ could be retained under dynamic flow conditions, and the improved performance could be attributed to enhanced adsorption via SiO2/C and highly exposure of TiO2 QDs surface. Based on the trapping experiments, ESR, LC-MS, and toxicity evaluation, O2- free radicals are identified as main reactive species for CPZ degradation along three possible pathways, with reduced toxicities for its intermediates. The cell viability tests of photocatalytic-degraded solutions and the catalyst exhibit negligible toxicities for both intermediates and the material, suggesting the novel composite of TiO2/C/SiO2 as an environmental friendly photocatalyst for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

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This paper selected microplastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET), commonly found in water/wastewater plant effluent, to investigate the changes of PET oxidized under ozonation (designated as ozonized PET), followed by sodium hypochlorite oxidation (designated as ozonized-chlorinated PET) and studied their influence on the adsorption of the disinfection by-product bromoform (TBM). Fragmentation and cracks appeared on the oxidized PET surface. As the oxidation degree increased, the contact angle decreased from 137° to 128.90° and 128.50°, suggesting hydrophilicity was enhanced. FTIR and XPS analyses suggested that carbonyl groups increased on the surface of ozonized PET and ozonized-chlorinated PET, while the formation of intermolecular halogen bonds was possible when PET experienced dual oxidation. These physiochemical changes enhanced the adsorption of TBM. The adsorption capacity of TBM followed the order of ozonized-chlorinated PET (2.64 × 10−6 µg/µg) > ozonized PET (2.58 × 10−6 µg/µg) > pristine PET (2.43 × 10−6 µg/µg). The impact of raw water characteristics on the adsorption of TBM onto PETs, such as the pH, and the coexistence of inorganic ions and macromolecules (humic acid, surfactant, and bovine serum albumin) were studied. A different predominant adsorption mechanism between TBM and pristine PET or oxidized PETs was proposed.

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Due to the rapid development of modern industry, the coexistence of antibiotics and inorganic heavy metals pollutants in wastewater has become a universal phenomenon. Therefore, developing efficient and eco-friendly photocatalyst for mixed pollutants degradation is significant. In this work, a well-designed phosphorus and sulfur co-doped g-C3N4 with feeble N vacancies catalyst (P/S-g-C3Nx) was fabricated by supramolecular self-assembly method, and was applied to remove berberine hydrochloride (BH) and Cr(VI) simultaneously with the synergy of adsorption-photocatalysis. A series of experiments was conducted to unveil the synergistic mechanism. The kinetic models indicated that the adsorption of P/S-g-C3Nx improved the BH removal process by accelerating the photo-degradation, because the adsorption rate > surface degradation rate > bulk degradation rate. Besides, the photo-degradation process improved the BH removal rate by regenerating the adsorption sites of P/S-g-C3Nx. Moreover, from the experiments in BH-Cr(VI) mixed solution system, the existence of BH also enhanced the surface adsorption of Cr(VI) in P/S-g-C3Nx sample, and the reduction rate of Cr(VI) was also promoted with the existence of BH. Overall, the results of this investigation suggest that the adsorption-photocatalysis synergy method is an efficient way to eliminate organic pollutant and Cr(VI) simultaneously.

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Developing inexpensive and stable photocatalysts without noble metals, yet remarkably enhancing the photocatalytic activities, is highly needed. Here, a novel carbon and cerium co-doped porous g-C3N4 (C/Ce-CN) has been successfully prepared through thermal polymerization of the supramolecular aggregation. The morphologies, chemical structures, optical and photoelectrochemical properties of the synthesized photocatalysts were analyzed via a series of characterization measurements. Experimental results indicated that C/Ce-CN showed remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity of TC and RhB degradation, which is about 2.6 and 2.4 times higher than that of pristine CN, and it also exhibited a good stability. Compared with bare CN, the enhanced performance of C/Ce-CN is mainly attributed to the stronger utilization rate of visible light, the rapider charge transfer rate, the longer lifetime of carriers and the larger surface specific area. The main intermediates in degradation process of antibiotics were tested by the HPLC-MS. Finally, the possible photocatalytic degradation pathways and mechanisms were proposed.

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This study aims at photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-DCP with the assistance of H2O2 in aqueous solution by a composite catalyst of Ag-rectorite. The catalysts were prepared via a novel thermal decomposition method followed after the cation-exchange process. The synthesized nano-materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analyzer, Ultraviolet-visible light (UV-vis) absorption spectra, field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The different mechanisms of degradation process with or without visible light irradiation were discussed, respectively. Moreover, the degradation efficiency of 2,4-DCP wastewater under Ag-rectorite/H2O2/visible light system was investigated by series of experiments, concerning on effects of major operation factors, such as H2O2 dosage and the initial pH value. The highest degradation rate was observed when adding 0.18 mL H2O2 into 50 mL 2,4-DCP solution, and the optimal pH value was 4 for the reaction. Afterwards, total organic carbon (TOC) experiments were carried out to evaluate the mineralization ratio of 2,4-DCP.

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This study was conducted to synthesize a series of nanosized BiOI-TiO2 catalysts to photodegrade Bisphenol A solution. The BiOI-TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized in the reverse microemulsions, consisting of cyclohexane, Triton X-100, n-hexanol, and aqueous salt solutions. The synthesized particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analyzer, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible light (UV-Vis) absorption spectra and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The photodegradation of Bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous suspension under visible light irradiation was investigated to explore the feasibility of using the photocatalytic method to treat BPA wastewater. The effects of different molar ratios of BiOI to TiO2 on the photocatalytic activity were discussed. The experimental results revealed that the photocatalytic effect of the BiOI-TiO2 particles was superior to the commercial P25 TiO2. The BPA degradation could be approached by a pseudo-first-order rate expression. The observed reaction rate constant (kobs) was related to nanoparticles dosage and initial solution pH.

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In this paper, Bi(2)O(3) and rare earth (La, Ce)-doped Bi(2)O(3) visible-light-driven photocatalysts were prepared in a Triton X-100/n-hexanol/cyclohexane/water reverse microemulsion. The resulting materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, photoluminescence spectra (PLS) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The XRD patterns of the as-prepared catalysts calcined at 500 °C exhibited only the characteristic peaks of monoclinic α-Bi(2)O(3). PLS analysis implied that the separation efficiency for electron-hole has been enhanced when Bi(2)O(3) was doped with rare earth. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements presented an extension of light absorption into the visible region. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by degradation of methyl orange (MO) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). The results displayed that the photocatalytic activity of rare earth-doped Bi(2)O(3) was higher than that of dopant-free Bi(2)O(3). The optimal dopant amount of La or Ce was 1.0 mol%. And the mechanisms of influence on the photocatalytic activity of the catalysts were discussed.

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