RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To comparatively evaluate the cardioprotective activity of placental growth factor (PGF) delivered through direct injection and a nanoparticle-based system respectively and to study the underlying mechanisms in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-based PGF-carrying nanoparticles (PGF-PLGANPs) were created. The mean size and morphology of particles were analyzed with particle size analyzer and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). Encapsulation efficiency and sustained-release dose curve were analyzed by ELISA. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups (n = 10). While animals in the first group were left untreated as controls, those in the other 3 groups underwent surgical induction of AMI, followed by treatment with physiological saline, PGF, and PGF-PLGANPs, respectively. Cardiac function was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography at 4 weeks after treatment. At 6 weeks, rats were sacrificed, infarction size was analyzed with Masson trichrome staining, and protein contents of TIMP-2, MT1-MMP and MMP-2 at the infarction border were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis. RESULTS: PGF was released for at least 15 days, showing successful preparation of PGF-PLGANPs. Coronary artery ligation successfully induced AMI. Compared to physiological saline control, PGF, injected to the myocardium either as a nude molecule or in a form of nanoparticles, significantly reduced infarction size, improved cardiac function, and elevated myocardial expression of TIMP-2, MT1-MMP, and MMP-2 (P < 0.05). The effect of PGF-PLGANPs was more pronounced than that of non-encapsulated PGF (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Target PGF delivery to myocardium may improve cardiac function after AMI in rats. PLGA-based nanoparticles appear to be a better approach to delivery PGF. PGF exerts its cardioprotective effect at least partially through regulating metalloproteinase-mediated myocardial tissue remodeling.
Asunto(s)
Cardiotónicos/administración & dosificación , Portadores de Fármacos , Ácido Láctico/química , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Nanopartículas , Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Proteínas Gestacionales/administración & dosificación , Animales , Cardiotónicos/química , Química Farmacéutica , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Inyecciones Intralesiones , Metaloproteinasa 14 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/patología , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Miocardio/metabolismo , Miocardio/patología , Factor de Crecimiento Placentario , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico , Proteínas Gestacionales/química , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Proteínas Recombinantes/administración & dosificación , Solubilidad , Volumen Sistólico/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Tiempo , Inhibidor Tisular de Metaloproteinasa-2/metabolismo , Función Ventricular Izquierda/efectos de los fármacos , Remodelación Ventricular/efectos de los fármacosAsunto(s)
Desastres , Incidentes con Víctimas en Masa , Medicina Naval , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Cryptosporidiosis is a significant diarrheal disease in both humans and other mammals worldwide. In the present study, we established and validated a multiplex microbead immunoassay (MIA) for surveillance of Cryptosporidium parvum infections. In the multiplex MIA, 3 specific recombinant proteins, CP23, SA35, and SA40, were used as the capture antigens simultaneously. The antibody directed against CP23 is an index of historic infection, and those against SA35 and SA40 are indices of recent infection. The multiplex MIA yielded essentially identical results with that of monoplex MIA using these 3 recombinant proteins, and the reproducibility of the multiplex MIA results was high when standardized with a calibration curve. With multiplex MIA, we detected that the pediatric population showed a higher percentage of recent infections (seropositive rates of antibodies directed against CP23, SA35, and SA40 were 6.28%, 23.19%, and 22.71%, respectively, n = 207), whereas the adult population showed a higher percentage of historic infections (seropositive rates of antibodies directed against CP23, SA35, and SA40 were 24.40%, 11.48%, and 16.75%, respectively, n = 209).
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Antígenos de Protozoos/inmunología , Criptosporidiosis/diagnóstico , Cryptosporidium parvum/aislamiento & purificación , Inmunoensayo/métodos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/inmunología , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Niño , Preescolar , Criptosporidiosis/sangre , Criptosporidiosis/inmunología , Cryptosporidium parvum/inmunología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Microesferas , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To establish a canine model of penetrating craniocerebral gunshot wound. METHOD: Gunshot wound was induced in 54 cross-bred dogs using 7.62-mm pistol bullets fired using a pistol from a distance of 30 cm in coronal direction with a tilt of 10 degrees toward the orbit, causing penetrating craniocerebral injury 1 cm posterior and 1.5 cm superior to the lateral canthus. The breathing and pathological changes in the brain tissue were observed after the injury. RESULTS: Autonomous breathing was recovered in 9 out of 21 dogs with respiratory arrest after the injury, and the total survival rate was 77.8% in the 54 dogs after the injury. Intracranial hematoma, intracranial pneumatosis, contusion and laceration of brain, and cranial bone fragments were found by cranial CT, with the entrance and exit of the bullet seen on the right and left frontal bone respectively. Pathological examination showed contusion and laceration of the brain tissues. CONCLUSION: The model of craniocerebral perforating wound has been successfully established in dogs.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos Craneocerebrales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Heridas por Arma de Fuego , Heridas Penetrantes , Animales , Perros , Femenino , MasculinoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of cat cerebral microcirculation in early stage after craniocerebral gunshot wound in the hot and humid environment to provide laboratory evidence for clinical treatment of such wound. METHODS: Craniocerebral gunshot wound was induced in 24 cats according to the method described by Carey with modifications, and the cats were placed in a cabin with environmental temperature and humidity of 25 degrees Celsius and 50% (group A), and 35 degrees Celsius and 85% (group B), respectively, to observe the changes in all the indices of cerebral microcirculation. RESULTS: All the cats survived and notable changes occurred in the morphology and permeability of cerebral microvascular along with obvious pathological changes in the brain tissue, and the vital signs, hemorheology and blood-brain barrier were significantly different between groups A and B. CONCLUSION: Hot and humid environment induces obvious changes in cat cerebral microcirculation and blood-brain barrier function in the early stages after craniocerebral gunshot wound.
Asunto(s)
Barrera Hematoencefálica/fisiopatología , Lesiones Encefálicas/fisiopatología , Circulación Cerebrovascular/fisiología , Heridas por Arma de Fuego/fisiopatología , Animales , Gatos , Clima , Femenino , Calor , Humedad , MasculinoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate pathological changes in cat brain tissues after gunshot wound in the head in hot and humid environments. METHODS: Sixteen cats were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely the normal environment (group 1), gunshot in normal environment (group 2), hot and humid environment (group 3), and gunshot wound in hot and humid environment (group 4) groups. Pathological changes of the cat brain tissues were observed with both optical and electron microscopes. RESULTS: The early-stage changes in group 2 were high-lighted by vasomotor dysfunction, with the coexistence of both vascular spasm and dilation. In group 3, vascular spasm was depressed while hemorrhagic changes increased. On the brain tissue sections in group 4 for optical microscopic observation and ultra-thin sections for electron microscopic examination, the number of viable neural cells was obviously reduced, and edema, degeneration of the organelle occurred; loosening of the capillary tight junction, rupture and bleeding of the blood vessels, as well as degeneration and loosening of the myelin sheath were observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopes, and such changes were more serious than those in group 2. CONCLUSION: The hot and humid environment can significantly affect the pathological changes in the brain tissues of cat with cranial gunshot wound.
Asunto(s)
Lesiones Encefálicas/patología , Encéfalo/patología , Heridas por Arma de Fuego/patología , Animales , Encéfalo/ultraestructura , Gatos , Femenino , Calor , Humedad , Masculino , Microscopía ElectrónicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the growth behavior of characteristics in craniocerebral gunshot wound of cats in a hot and humid environment. METHODS: Twenty-three cross-bred cats were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A, the gunshot wound control group at normal temperature, in which tissue sampling was performed immediately after the wounding; group B, another gunshot wound control group at normal temperature, in which the samples were taken 6 h after the wounding; group C, the gunshot wound group subjected to a hot and humid environment, in which the tissue samples were obtained 6 h after the wounding; group D, the control group without undergoing the wound. The tissues from the wound tract and the surrounding tissues were sampled for bacterial culture and counting. RESULTS: The bacterial counts of the tissues from the wound tract, the tissues within 5 mm and within 5-10 mm from wound tract varied insignificantly between groups A, B and C (P>0.05). In each group, the bacterial counts declined in the tissues as the distance of the sampling sites from the wound tract increased (P<0.01). The bacterial counts of the tissues from the wound tract and within 5 mm from the wound tract in group A, B and C were significantly different from those in group D (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Hot and humid environment does not significantly affect the bacterial growth in the craniocerebral gunshot wound within the first 6 h, which is a safe period against rapid bacterial growth and suitable for debridement.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Lesiones Encefálicas/microbiología , Heridas por Arma de Fuego/microbiología , Animales , Gatos , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Femenino , Calor , Humedad , MasculinoRESUMEN
Infective endocarditis remains a serious and complex disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Sixty cases of infective endocarditis were retrospectively reviewed, consisting of 41 males and 19 females aged 7 to 50 years (mean, 30 years). Congenital heart disease was diagnosed in 19 of the patients and rheumatic heart disease in 41. Congestive heart failure occurred in 36 and systemic embolism in 8 cases. Blood cultures were positive in only 21.7% of the cases, while vegetations were detected by 2-dimensional echocardiography in 70%. Elective surgery was performed in 57 patients and emergent operation for systemic arterial embolization and/or intractable congestive heart failure in 3 patients. Two patients required reoperation for postoperative bleeding. All but 2 patients had been followed up for 6 to 160 months with no evidence of reinfection. Three patients with mechanical valve implantation later died of intracranial bleeding due to over-anticoagulation. The remaining 55 resumed normal activity. The encouraging outcomes were the result of an aggressive diagnostic approach and early surgical intervention.