RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate determinants impacting the surgical management of splenic trauma in paediatric patients by scrutinizing age distribution, etiological factors and concomitant injuries. The analysis seeks to establish a foundation for delineating optimal operative timing. METHODS: A cohort of 262 paediatric cases presenting with splenic trauma at our institution from January 2011 to December 2021 underwent categorization into either the conservative or operative group. RESULTS: Significantly disparate attributes between the two groups included age, time of presentation, blood pressure, haemoglobin levels, blood transfusion requirements, thermal absorption, American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) classification and associated injuries. Logistic regression analysis revealed age, haemoglobin levels, AAST classification and blood transfusion as autonomous influencers of surgical intervention (OR = 1.024, 95% CI: 1.011-1.037; OR = 1.067, 95% CI: 1.01-1.127; OR = 0.2760, 95% CI: 0.087-0.875; OR = 7.873, 95% CI: 2.442-25.382; OR = 0.016, 95% CI: 0.002-0.153). The AAST type and age demonstrated areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.782 and 0.618, respectively. CONCLUSION: Age, haemoglobin levels, AAST classification and blood transfusion independently influence the decision for surgical intervention in paediatric patients with splenic trauma. Age and AAST classification emerge as viable parameters for assessing and prognosticating the likelihood of surgical intervention in this patient cohort.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos Abdominales , Heridas no Penetrantes , Humanos , Niño , Bazo/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Heridas no Penetrantes/cirugía , Traumatismos Abdominales/cirugía , Hemoglobinas , Puntaje de Gravedad del TraumatismoRESUMEN
To investigate the potential neuroprotection of oxymatrine in hypoxic-ischemic injury in rat's brain and the associated underlying mechanisms, modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) for neurological functional deficits, 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining for infarct volume, TUNEL assay and flow cytometry analysis for apoptosis were assessed. The expressions of Akt, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3ß), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), phosphorylated GSK3ß (p-GSK3ß), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) were measured by western blot. Our results showed that infarct volume and the apoptosis of NeuN-positive cells were significantly reduced in rats that administrated oxymatrine, with a corresponding improvement in neurological function after H/I. Upregulated p-Akt, p-GSK3ß, Nrf-2 and HO-1 expressions were observed in response to oxymatrine treatment. Moreover, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 counteracted the protective effect of oxymatrine, evidenced by western blot and histological outcomes. To conclude, our results suggested that oxymatrine could exert efficacious neuroprotective effect against H/I injury by inhibiting apoptosis and oxidative stress, which might be related to the activation of Akt and GSK3ß and modulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/uso terapéutico , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Hipoxia-Isquemia Encefálica/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/uso terapéutico , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Quinolizinas/uso terapéutico , Daño por Reperfusión/tratamiento farmacológico , Alcaloides/farmacología , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Apoptosis/fisiología , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3 beta/metabolismo , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/metabolismo , Hipoxia-Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , Hipoxia-Isquemia Encefálica/patología , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Quinolizinas/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Although Metformin, a first-line antidiabetic drug, can ameliorate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced brain damage, but how metformin benefits injured hippocampus and the mechanisms are still largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of metformin against ischemic brain damage induced by cerebral I/R and to explore whether the Akt-mediated down-regulation of the phosphorylation of JNK3 signaling pathway contributed to the protection provided by metformin. Transient global brain ischemia was induced by 4-vessel occlusion in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The open field tasks and Morris water maze were used to assess the effect of metformin on anxiety-like behavioral and cognitive impairment after I/R. Cresyl Violet staining was used to examine the survival of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Immunoblotting was performed to measure the phosphorylation of Akt1, JNK3, c-Jun and the expression of cleaved caspase-3. Through ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rat model, we found that metformin could attenuate the deficits of hippocampal related behaviors and inhibit cell apoptosis. The western blot data showed that metformin could promote the activation of Akt1 and reduce the phosphorylation of JNK3 and c-Jun as well as elevation of cleaved caspase-3 in I/R brains. PI3K inhibitor reversed all the protective effects, further indicating that metformin protect hippocampus from ischemic damage through PI3K/Akt1/JNK3/c-Jun signaling pathway.
Asunto(s)
Isquemia Encefálica/tratamiento farmacológico , Isquemia Encefálica/enzimología , Metformina/farmacología , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Daño por Reperfusión/tratamiento farmacológico , Daño por Reperfusión/enzimología , Animales , Ansiedad/tratamiento farmacológico , Ansiedad/enzimología , Ansiedad/etiología , Ansiedad/patología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/fisiología , Isquemia Encefálica/complicaciones , Isquemia Encefálica/patología , Región CA1 Hipocampal/efectos de los fármacos , Región CA1 Hipocampal/enzimología , Región CA1 Hipocampal/patología , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Trastornos del Conocimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos del Conocimiento/enzimología , Trastornos del Conocimiento/etiología , Trastornos del Conocimiento/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Masculino , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/efectos de los fármacos , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/fisiología , Proteína Quinasa 10 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Inhibidores de las Quinasa Fosfoinosítidos-3 , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Células Piramidales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Piramidales/enzimología , Células Piramidales/patología , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Daño por Reperfusión/complicaciones , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism by which erythropoietin (EPO) suppressed 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced apoptosis. Our results showed that 6-OHDA remarkably decreased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (GSK3ß) as well as enhanced the level of Bax in the mitochondria. Besides, 6-OHDA decreased the mitochondrial expression of Bcl-2 without altering the cytoplasmic expression of Bcl-2. In line with these results, 6-OHDA treatment enhanced the apoptosis and caspase 3 activity in PC12 cells. These findings indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction was involved in the neurotoxicity of 6-OHDA and GSK3ß might act upstream of Bax/Bcl-2 and the caspase 3 pathways in 6-OHDA-treated PC12 cells. Furthermore, EPO reduced 6-OHDA-induced growth inhibition. Western blot exhibited that GSK3ß inhibitor 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1, 2,4-thiadiazolidine-3, 5-dione (TDZD8) and EPO not only increased the phosphorylation of GSK3ß but also inhibited the mitochondrial translocation of Bax. In agreement with these results, EPO and TDZD8 obviously increased the mitochondrial expression of Bcl-2. Finally, TDZD-8 and EPO significantly suppressed the enhanced apoptosis and activity of caspase 3 induced by 6-OHDA. Taken together, GSK3ß-mediated mitochondrial cell death pathway is involved in the neuroprotective effect of EPO against 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis.