RESUMEN
A soil hypotrich ciliate, Afrokahliella paramacrostoma n. sp., was discovered in China. Its morphology, morphogenesis and molecular phylogeny were investigated using standard methods. The new species is characterized as follows: body about 140-180â¯×â¯60-70⯵m in vivo, cortical granules absent, contractile vacuole positioned about 40% down length of body, 5-9 macronuclear nodules, 34-49 adoral membranelles, 3-5 buccal and 3-6 parabuccal cirri, usually two frontoventral rows, three or four left and two or three right marginal rows, three dorsal kineties and one dorsomarginal kinety; 1-3 and one or two caudal cirri located at the ends of dorsal kineties 1 and 2, respectively. The ontogenetic process is characterized by: (1) the marginal anlagen on each side develop in the outer right and the inner left marginal rows, respectively; (2) five frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, anlagen II-IV develop in secondary mode; (3) dorsal morphogenesis follows a typical Urosomoida-pattern, no parental dorsal kineties are retained; (4) caudal cirri are generated at the ends of dorsal kineties 1 and 2. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequence data reveals that Afrokahliella paramacrostoma n. sp. is closely related to Parakahliella macrostoma and Hemiurosomoida longa.
Asunto(s)
Hypotrichida/clasificación , Filogenia , Suelo/parasitología , China , ADN Protozoario/genética , Hypotrichida/citología , Hypotrichida/genética , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Morphogenesis of the soil hypotrich ciliate, Holostichides chardezi Foissner, 1987, collected from southeastern China, was investigated using the protargol staining method. The main morphogenetic events follow a similar process with that of its congeners. Phylogenetic analyses based on the SSU rDNA sequence data indicate that Holostichides is nonmonophyletic; H. chardezi, the type species of Holostichides, clusters with H. heterotypicus, while H. terrae is distinctly separate from these species. H. terrae can be distinguished from H. chardezi (type species of Holostichides) and H. heterotypicus by undulating membranes relatively long and distinctly curved (vs. relatively short and straight), pharynx with (vs. without) rod-shaped structure, and two (vs. more than two) frontoterminal cirri. Therefore, a new genus, Anteholostichides nov. gen., has been proposed for H. terrae. Further, the diagnosis of the genus Holostichides is improved.
Asunto(s)
Hypotrichida/crecimiento & desarrollo , Hypotrichida/aislamiento & purificación , Filogenia , Suelo/parasitología , China , ADN Protozoario/genética , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Hypotrichida/clasificación , Hypotrichida/genética , MorfogénesisRESUMEN
The living morphology, infraciliature and morphogenesis of a new urostylid ciliate, Caudiurostyla sinensis gen. nov., spec. nov., isolated from a soil habitat in China, was investigated. The new, monotypic genus is defined by having frontal cirri arranged in a bicorona, distinct transverse cirri, midventral pairs only, buccal cirrus, frontoterminal cirri, multiple marginal cirral rows that replicate independently via within row anlagen formation, more than three dorsal kineties, and caudal cirri. The main morphogenetic features of the new species are: (1) the posterior part of the parental adoral zone is renewed in situ; (2) the marginal cirral rows and dorsal kineties develop intrakinetally; (3) a caudal cirrus is formed at the posterior end of each dorsal kinety; and (4) macronuclear nodules fuse into a single mass during the middle stage. Based on the morphology and morphogenesis, the new genus differs from Pseudourostyla and Hemicycliostyla by presence of caudal cirri.
Asunto(s)
Hypotrichida/clasificación , Hypotrichida/citología , Suelo/parasitología , Hypotrichida/crecimiento & desarrollo , Morfogénesis , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by profound lipid accumulation and associated with an inflammatory response, oxidative stress and hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction. We previously demonstrated that some mitochondrial nutrients effectively ameliorated high fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis and metabolic disorders. Molecular hydrogen in hydrogen-rich liquid or inhaling gas, which has been confirmed in scavenging reactive oxygen species and preventing mitochondrial decay, improved metabolic syndrome in patients and animal models. Coral calcium hydride (CCH) is a new solid molecular hydrogen carrier made of coral calcium. However, whether and how CCH impacts HFD-induced hepatic steatosis remains uninvestigated. In the present study, we applied CCH to a HFD-induced NAFLD rat model for 13 weeks. We found that CCH durably generated hydrogen in vivo and in vitro. CCH treatment significantly reduced body weight gain, improved glucose and lipid metabolism and attenuated hepatic steatosis in HFD-induced obese rats with no influence on food and water intake. Moreover, CCH effectively improved HFD-induced hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced oxidative stress, and activated phase II enzymes. Our results suggest that CCH is an efficient hydrogen-rich agent, which could prevent HFD-induced NAFLD via activating phase II enzymes and improving mitochondrial function.