RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of maxillary sinus floor on the mesial movement of maxillary first molar. METHODS: Orthodontic patients with maxillary first premolars extracted were selected. Their maxillary first molars were divided into case group and control group according to whether their roots were in contact with the maxillary sinus floor. The case group was further divided into three subtypes according to the depth of the root extruded into the maxillary sinus. A total of 64 maxillary first molars from 32 patients were enrolled in this study, including 34 in the case group (five in subtype â ¡, fourteen in subtype â ¢, and 15 in subtype â £) and 30 in the control group. The mesial movement distance of each root and crown and the inclination of each root long axis were measured, and resorption of each root was evaluated. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: After orthodontic treatment, the mesial movement distance of roots from both groups were all lager than 2 mm. The mesial movement distance of the crown was not statistically different between the two groups (Pï¼0.05), while the mesial movement distance of the roots in the control group was significantly larger than in the case groupï¼Pï¼0.05ï¼. Inclined movement towards the mesial direction was found in both groups, and the inclination angle was significantly larger in the case groupï¼Pï¼0.05ï¼. The inclination angle of the first molars in the subtype â £ was significantly larger than that in the subtype â ¢ and the control group. Most of the maxillary first molars from both groups had no obvious root resorptionï¼Pï¼0.05ï¼. CONCLUSIONS: With the proper force system, maxillary first molars with roots extruded into the maxillary sinus floor can be moved mesialy with mild or no root resorption, while a larger inclination can be found compared with maxillary first molars without root extruding into the maxillary sinus floor. The deeper the root extruding into the maxillary sinus, the larger the inclination angle will be.
Asunto(s)
Resorción Radicular , Elevación del Piso del Seno Maxilar , Humanos , Seno Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Diente Molar , Diente Premolar , Maxilar , Raíz del DienteRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to explore the antitumor effects of sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS)mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) in glioma, and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. The uptake of DVDMS by U118 MG cells was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). A 630nm semiconductor laser and 1MHz ultrasound were used to perform PDT and SDT, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit8 assay, FCM and Hoechst 33258 staining, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to detect protein expression and phosphorylation levels. BALB/c nude mice were used to establish a xenograft model of U118 MG cells. DVDMS was injected intravenously and PDT and SDT were performed 24 h later. An in vivo imaging system was used to evaluate the fluorescence of DVDMS, to measure tumor sizes, and to evaluate the therapeutic effects. The uptake of DVDMS by U118 MG cells was optimal after 4 h. PDT and SDT following DVDMS injection significantly inhibited the proliferation and increased apoptosis of glioma cells in vitro (P<0.05, P<0.01) respectively. In vivo, the fluorescence intensity of DVDMS was lower in the PDT and SDT groups compared with the DVDMS group, while tumor cell proliferation and weight were lower in the PDT and SDT groups than in the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference when laser, ultrasound or DVDMS were applied individually, compared with the control group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining suggested that both PDT and SDT induced significant apoptosis and vascular obstruction in cancer tissues. DVDMSmediated PDT and SDT inhibited the expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and BclxL, increased cleaved caspase 3 levels, and decreased the protein phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Changes in the expression of PCNA, and BclxL and in the levels of cleavedcaspase 3 were partly reversed by NacetylLcysteine, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. Similar results were obtained with FCM. DVDMSmediated PDT and SDT inhibited glioma cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, potentially by increasing the generation of ROS and affecting protein expression and phosphorylation levels.
Asunto(s)
Glioma/terapia , Fotoquimioterapia , Porfirinas/farmacología , Terapia por Ultrasonido , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de la radiación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de la radiación , Terapia Combinada , Citometría de Flujo , Glioma/patología , Humanos , Láseres de Semiconductores/uso terapéutico , Ratones , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To develop alternative therapeutic strategy that reduces hypercholesterolemia, inflammation and atherosclerosis, we investigate if fumigaclavine C (FC), an indole alkaloid in structure, has anti-atherosclerosis function, and if so, what is the mechanism involved. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used ApoE-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice as an atherosclerosis model to examine if FC reduced aorta lesion size and improved serum lipid profiles. ApoE(-/-) mice at 6 weeks of age were fed on a western diet for 10 weeks before FC was administrated (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) by gavage daily for additional 4 weeks. The mice were sacrificed at 20 weeks of age for examination. The atherosclerotic lesions were assessed with Oil Red O staining in the whole aorta and aortic sinus. Serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) were determined enzymatically. Mouse macrophages were examined for lipid droplets inside cells. FC's effect on PPARγ and PPARγ signaling pathway were further investigated by western blot and luciferase assay. We found that FC decreased atherosclerotic lesion formation in ApoE(-/-) mice in a dose-dependent manner. Also FC improved lipid profiles in ApoE(-/-) mice and reduced the foam cell numbers of peritoneal macrophages. FC stimulated PPARγ signaling pathway proteins both in vitro and in vivo. FC enhanced PPARγ transactivation activity assayed by a PPRE reporter system. CONCLUSION: Our data indicated that FC activated PPARγ signaling pathway as well as its downstream proteins and had an effective role of anti-atherosclerosis.