RESUMEN
The chemical profile and phytotoxic activity of the essential oil extracted from Artemisia sieversiana was investigated. In total 17 compounds were identified by GC/MS, representing 99.17% of the entire oil, among which α-thujone (64.46%) and eucalyptol (10.15%) were the most abundant constituents. The major components, their mixture as well as the essential oil exhibited significant phytotoxic activity against Amaranthus retroflexus, Medicago sativa, Poa annua and Pennisetum alopecuroides, with their IC50 values ranged from 1.55 â¼ 6.21 mg/mL (α-thujone), 1.42 â¼ 17.81 mg/mL (eucalyptol), 0.23 â¼ 1.05 mg/mL (the mixture), and 1.89 â¼ 4.69 mg/mL (the essential oil) on the four tested species. The mixture of the major constituents exerted more potent effect compared with each individual compound, indicating the possible involvement of synergistic effect of these two compounds.
Asunto(s)
Amaranthus , Artemisia , Aceites Volátiles , Poa , Artemisia/química , Eucaliptol/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The chemical profile and phytotoxic action of Hibiscus trionum essential oil (EO) was studied. In total 17 compounds were identified via GC/MS, representing 94.18 % of the entire oil, with phytol (40.37 %) being the dominant constituent. Bioassay revealed that the EO inhibited root elongation of Medicago sativa and Amaranthus retroflexus by 32.66 % and 61.86 % at 5â mg/mL, respectively; meanwhile, the major component phytol also exhibited significant phytotoxic activity, suppressing radical elongation of Pennisetum alopecuroides, M. sativa and A. retroflexus by 26.08 %, 27.55 % and 43.96 % at 1â mg/mL, respectively. The fact that the EO showed weaker activity than phytol implied that some constituents might trigger antagonistic action to decrease the oil's activity. Our study is the first on the chemical profile and phytotoxic effect of H. trionum EO.
Asunto(s)
Hibiscus/química , Aceites Volátiles/química , Fitol/química , Amaranthus/efectos de los fármacos , Amaranthus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Hibiscus/toxicidad , Medicago sativa/efectos de los fármacos , Medicago sativa/crecimiento & desarrollo , Aceites Volátiles/toxicidad , Fitol/toxicidad , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Pruebas de ToxicidadRESUMEN
To examine the effects of nitrogen and sulfur deposition on litter decomposition rate, a one-year field experiment was conducted with the litter bag method from April 2013 to April 2014 in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Rainy Area of Western China. There were nine treatments with three nitrogen levels and three sulfur levels, including control (CK), low nitrogen deposition (LN, 50 kg N·hm-2·a-1), high nitrogen deposition (HN, 150 kg N·hm-2·a-1), low sulfur deposition (LS, 200 kg S·hm-2·a-1), high sulfur deposition (HS, 400 kg S·hm-2·a-1), low nitrogen and low sulfur deposition (LNLS), high nitrogen and low sulfur deposition (HSLS), low nitrogen and high sulfur deposition (LNHS), and high nitrogen and high sulfur deposition (HNHS). The results showed that the leaf litter residual rate ranged from 57.0% to 70.7% after one year decomposition. The time of half mass loss ranged from 1.47 to 2.08 years, while the time of 95% mass loss ranged from 6.33 to 9.01 years. Nitrogen deposition had no significant effect on litter decomposition rate. The decomposition rate was significantly increased in LS treatment but significan-tly reduced in HS treatment. The rate was significantly affected by LNHS and HNHS, but unaffected by LNLS and HNLS. In addition, simulated nitrogen and sulfur deposition interacted to affect litter decomposition rate, with antagonistic effects between nitrogen deposition and low-sulfur composite deposition and synergistic effects between nitrogen deposition and high-sulfur composite deposition. In conclusion, sulfur deposition and the combined nitrogen and sulfur deposition affected leaf litter decomposition rate in the evergreen broad-leaved forest, with consequences on the litter decomposition process.
Asunto(s)
Bosques , Nitrógeno/análisis , Azufre/análisis , China , Hojas de la Planta , Lluvia , Suelo , ÁrbolesRESUMEN
To understand the effects of increasing nitrogen deposition on soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen(MBN), an in situ experiment was conducted in a natural evergreen broad-leaved forest in Ya'an City, Sichuan Province. Four levels of nitrogen deposition were set: i.e., control (CK, 0 g N·m-2·a-1), low nitrogen (L, 5 g N·m-2·a-1), medium nitrogen (M, 15 g N·m-2·a-1), and high nitrogen (H, 30 g N·m-2·a-1). The results indicated that nitrogen deposition significantly decreased MBC and MBN in the 0-10 cm soil layer, and as N de-position increased, the inhibition effect was enhanced. L and M treatments had no significant effect on MBC and MBN in the 10-20 cm soil layer, while H treatment significantly reduced. The influence of N deposition on MBC and MBN was weakened with the increase of soil depth. MBC and MBN had obvious seasonal dynamic, which were highest in autumn and lowest in summer both in the 0-10 and 10-20 cm soil layers. The fluctuation ranges of soil microbial biomass C/N were respectively 10.58-11.19 and 9.62-12.20 in the 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers, which indicated that the fungi hold advantage in the soil microbial community in this natural evergreen broad-leaved forest.