RESUMEN

Heterocapsa bohaiensis is a newly identified dinoflagellate species that causes harmful blooms in coastal areas in China, Malaysian, and New Caledonian. These blooms have led to substantial economic losses for local aquaculture. Previous studies have mainly focused on understanding the toxicity of H. bohaiensis. However, the causes of H. bohaiensis blooms remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to ascertain nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) requirements for the growth and reproduction of H. bohaiensis. Additionally, we sought to understand the functional mechanisms by comparing the transcriptomes of H. bohaiensis under nutrient-limited conditions and control conditions. The results revealed a wide range of acceptable N:P ratios for H. bohainensis, attributed to a mechanism involving nutrient storage, which allowed H. bohainensis to sustain its growth even when either nitrate or phosphate was depleted. Higher N:P ratios (>27.5) were more conducive to the growth of H. bohainensis than f/2 medium or low ratios, which is related to the N:P ratios absorbed by H. bohainensis. The toxicity of H. bohainensis was significantly enhanced in N-limited or P-limited states. These findings underscore the significance of the physiological metabolism of H. bohainensis in adapting to environmental stresses induced by human activities and establishing the dominance of blooms.

RESUMEN

It is well established that teachers are prone to voice-related problems. Much of existing literature focuses on grade-school teachers, and early childhood educators are an understudied demographic. This study aims to determine the burden of voice use and prevalence of voice disorders in early childhood educators in Singapore. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was performed in 2022. This was sent via email to all registered preschools/kindergartens in Singapore. RESULTS: There were a total of 413 responses. Mean age of respondents was 37.4years (range 28-46years) and 99.0% were female. 67.0% were Chinese, 14.8% Malay, 9.5% Indian, and 8.7% Others. Regarding burden of voice use, 81.4% of respondents reported talking for extended periods of time (>30 minutes) and 74.5% reported having to sing on >1 occasion a day. 321/413 respondents (77.9%) had to shout or raise their voice at least once a day, whereas 128 of out 413 respondents (31.1%) reported having to scream at least once a day. Point prevalence of voice disorder (defined by VHI-10 >11 was 37.5% and sVHI-10 >12) was 47.2%. Over the preceding 12months, 72.2% of respondents experienced hoarseness on at least 4-7 occasions, with 41.4% losing their voice. While 52.5% of respondents have taken at least 1 sick day off due to an issue with their voice, only 38% has consulted a GP and 13.6% consulted an ENT specialist on at least one occasion. 45.8% have considered leaving the profession on at least one occasion. Factors significantly associated with both point prevalence and year-long prevalence of voice disorders include large class size of >20 students and needing to shout and/or scream >1 time/day.

RESUMEN

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury exacerbates cellular damage upon restoring blood flow to ischemic cardiac tissue, causing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This study investigates Nicotinamide Riboside (NR), a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), for its cardioprotective effects. Administering NR to mice before I/R injury and evaluating heart function via echocardiography showed that NR significantly improved heart function, increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (FS), and reduced left ventricular end-diastolic (LVDd) and end-systolic diameters (LVSd). NR also restored E/A and E/e' ratios. It reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro, inhibiting elevated caspase-3 activity and returning Bax protein levels to normal. In vitro, NR reduced the apoptotic rate in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated HL-1 cells from 30% to 10%. Mechanistically, NR modulated the SIRT3/mtROS/JNK pathway, reversing H2O2-induced SIRT3 downregulation, reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), and inhibiting JNK activation. Using SIRT3-knockout (SIRT3-KO) mice, we confirmed that NR's cardioprotective effects depend on SIRT3. Echocardiography showed that NR's benefits were abrogated in SIRT3-KO mice. In conclusion, NR provides significant cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury by enhancing NAD+ levels and modulating the SIRT3/mtROS/JNK pathway, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic agent for ischemic heart diseases, meriting further clinical research.

Asunto(s)

Apoptosis , Ratones Noqueados , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica , Niacinamida , Compuestos de Piridinio , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Sirtuina 3 , Animales , Sirtuina 3/metabolismo , Sirtuina 3/genética , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/tratamiento farmacológico , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/patología , Niacinamida/análogos & derivados , Niacinamida/farmacología , Niacinamida/uso terapéutico , Ratones , Compuestos de Piridinio/farmacología , Compuestos de Piridinio/administración & dosificación , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Miocitos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Miocitos Cardíacos/patología , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Cardiotónicos/farmacología , Cardiotónicos/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos

RESUMEN

In the realm of this study, obtaining a comprehensive understanding of ischemic brain injury and its molecular foundations is of paramount importance. Our study delved into single-cell data analysis, with a specific focus on sub-celltypes and differentially expressed genes in the aftermath of ischemic injury. Notably, we observed a significant enrichment of the "ATP METABOLIC PROCESS" and "ATP HYDROLYSIS ACTIVITY" pathways, featuring pivotal genes such as Pbx3, Dguok, and Kif21b. A remarkable finding was the consistent upregulation of genes like Fabp7 and Bcl11a within the MCAO group, highlighting their crucial roles in regulating the pathway of mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled proton transport. Furthermore, our network analysis unveiled pathways like "Neuron differentiation" and "T cell differentiation" as central in the regulatory processes of sub-celltypes. These findings provide valuable insights into the intricate molecular responses and regulatory mechanisms that govern brain injury. The shared differentially expressed genes among sub-celltypes emphasize their significance in orchestrating responses post-ischemic injury. Our research, viewed from the perspective of a medical researcher, contributes to the evolving understanding of the molecular landscape underlying ischemic brain injury, potentially paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies and improved patient outcomes.

Asunto(s)

Adenosina Trifosfato , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media , Cinesinas , Mitocondrias , Células Precursoras de Oligodendrocitos , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Transducción de Señal/genética , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media/patología , Infarto de la Arteria Cerebral Media/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Adenosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Adenosina Trifosfato/biosíntesis , Cinesinas/genética , Cinesinas/metabolismo , Células Precursoras de Oligodendrocitos/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Proteínas de Homeodominio/metabolismo , Masculino , Isquemia Encefálica/genética , Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , Isquemia Encefálica/patología , Ratas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas

RESUMEN

Clavulina possesses important ecological and economic value and has attracted extensive attention from mycologists. Macrofungal diversity is high in China, but Clavulina species have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, based on morphological evidence and phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide sequences of three loci (nrITS, nrLSU, and rpb2), three new species of Clavulina from North China were identified. Morphologically, Clavulinachengdeensis is characterized by its white to dirty white basidiomata with somewhat pale orange tips and somewhat wrinkled hymenium. Clavulinagriseoviolacea is characterized by its gray to dark grayish violet basidiomata, with a sometimes-white stipe base, monopodial or irregularly polychotomous toward branch apices. Clavulinapallida is characterized by its white to pale cream white basidiomata with somewhat orange tips. Phylogenetically, the three new species form three independent branches with high support values in the phylogenetic tree.

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and differences in biomechanical characteristics between the femoral neck system (FNS) and cannulated cancellous screws (CCSs) in the treatment of femoral neck fractures. METHODS: This study retrospectively analysed a cohort of 38 registered cases of femoral neck fractures treated surgically with either the FNS (n = 17) or CCSs (n = 21) between January 2020 and December 2023. Indicators such as fluoroscopy frequency, length of hospital stay, and fracture healing time were compared between the two groups. Functional status was evaluated via the Harris hip score (HHS) and visual analogue scale (VAS), whereas prognosis was assessed based on changes in the neck shaft angle and femoral neck shortening. Additionally, six sets of femoral neck fracture models were developed based on Pauwels angles of 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, and 80°. Two experimental groups, FNS and CCS, were established, and a joint reaction force of 1800 N was applied to the proximal femur. The displacement, stress, and stiffness of the components of interest in the different models were tested and compared. RESULTS: The distributions of all the baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups (p > 0.05). The FNS group presented significantly shorter fluoroscopy frequency, length of hospital stay, and fracture healing time (p < 0.05). Harris and VAS scores were higher in the FNS group than in the CCS group (p < 0.05). Postoperative changes in the neck shaft angle and femoral neck shortening were significantly lower in the FNS group than in the CCS group (p < 0.05). The results of the finite element analysis indicated that the maximum stress on the femoral head and varus angle were generally lower in the FNS group than in the CCS group and that the maximum displacement of the femoral head and FNS was generally lower in the FNS group than in the CCS group. However, the superiority of FNS over CCS decreased with increasing Pauwels angle. Additionally, the effectiveness of FNS in limiting displacement of the femoral neck upper wall was not as favourable as that of CCS. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of femoral neck fractures with FNS is superior and contributes to improved hip joint function. Biomechanical research has confirmed its structural stability and advantages in resisting femoral head varus. However, challenges to its fixation efficacy persist, particularly at higher Pauwels angles.

Asunto(s)

Tornillos Óseos , Fracturas del Cuello Femoral , Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Humanos , Fracturas del Cuello Femoral/cirugía , Fracturas del Cuello Femoral/fisiopatología , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/instrumentación , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Curación de Fractura , Cuello Femoral/cirugía , Cuello Femoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Tiempo de Internación , Anciano de 80 o más Años

RESUMEN

Red raspberries, Rubus idaeus L. 1753 are famous fruits which possess high value bioactive compounds. In this study, we report the complete chloroplast genome of R. idaeus, it displayed a typical quadripartite structure with 155687 bp in length. The genome encodes 127 genes including 79 protein coding genes, 8 rRNA genes and 40 tRNA genes, the overall GC content is 37.2%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between R. idaeus and R. sachalinensis in Section Malaehobatus.

RESUMEN

Microbial degradation of polyethylene (PE) offers a promising solution to plastic pollution in the marine environment, but research in this field is limited. In this study, we isolated a novel marine strain of Pseudalkalibacillus sp. MQ-1 that can degrade PE. Scanning electron microscopy and water contact angle results showed that MQ-1 could adhere to PE films and render them hydrophilic. Analyses using X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed a decrease in relative crystallinity, the appearance of new functional groups and an increase in the oxygen-to­carbon ratio of the PE films, making them more susceptible to degradation. The results of gel permeation chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry indicated the depolymerization of the long PE chains, with the detection of an intermediate, decanediol. Furthermore, genome sequencing was employed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of PE degradation. The results of genome sequencing analysis identified the genes associated with PE degradation, including cytochrome P450, alcohol dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase involved in the oxidative reaction, monooxygenase related to ester bond formation, and esterase associated with ester bond cleavage. In addition, enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism and intracellular transport have been identified, collectively providing insights into the metabolic pathway of PE degradation.

Asunto(s)

Biodegradación Ambiental , Polietileno , Polietileno/metabolismo , Bacterias/metabolismo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/metabolismo

RESUMEN

This study focuses on the calcined coal gangue (CCG)-blended cements containing Stöber nano-SiO2 (SNS) particles. The effects of SNS particles on the workability, hydration behaviour, mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of the blended cements were comprehensively investigated at curing ages ranging from 1 to 28 d. The hydration behaviour was studied via isothermal calorimetry test, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric (TG) tests. The microstructural evolution was studied using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the incorporation of SNS led to a significant reduction in fluidity, particularly at an SNS content of 3%. The SNS significantly increased the compressive strength of the CCG-blended cement at all curing ages, and the optimum SNS content was found to be 2%. SNS significantly accelerated not only the early cement hydration but also the pozzolanic reaction of CCG at later curing ages, resulting in a decrease in portlandite, as evidenced by the isothermal calorimetry, XRD and TG analysis. Microstructural analysis shows that the incorporation of SNS effectively refined the pore structure of the CCG-blended cement, resulting in the formation of a dense microstructure. All these beneficial effects of SNS provides advantages in the development of the compressive strength of the CCG-blended cement at all curing ages.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Driven by the complex multifactorial etiopathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a growing interest surrounds the disturbance in folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism (OCM) in the pathology of ASD, while the evidence remained inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to investigate the association of OCM metabolism and ASD and characterize differential OCM metabolites among children with ASD. METHODS: Plasma OCM metabolites were investigated in 59 children with ASD and 40 neurotypical children using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) technology. Differences (significance level< 0.001) were tested in each OCM metabolite between cases and controls. Multivariable models were also performed after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: Ten out of 22 examined OCM metabolites were significantly different in children with ASD, compared to neurotypical controls. Specifically, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and glutathione (GSH) levels were increased, while S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), choline, glycine, L-serine, cystathionine, L-cysteine, and taurine levels were significantly decreased. Children with ASD showed significantly higher SAM /SAH ratio (3.87±0.93 vs. 2.00±0.76, p=0.0001) and lower GSH/GSSG ratio (0.58 (0.46, 0.81) vs. 1.71 (0.93, 2.99)) compared with the neurotypical controls. Potential interactive effects between SAM/SAH ratio, taurine, L-serine and gastrointestinal syndromes were further observed. CONCLUSION: OCM disturbance was observed among children with ASD, particularly in methionine methylation and trans-sulfuration pathways. The findings add valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying ASD and the potential of ameliorating OCM as a promising therapeutic of ASD, which warrant further validation.

RESUMEN

Limited scientific evidence exists on phosphorus immobilization under autogenetic electrochemical reactions in composting systems. This study exploited a composting procedure using microbial fuel cell (MFC) to ascertain phosphorus redistribution during composting process. Compared to the control without MFC equipment, MFC-assisted treatment yielded a 13 % decrease in phosphorus availability due to the transformation of exchangeable fraction (Ex-P) to aluminum-bound (Al-P) and calcium-bound (Ca-P) fractions. During the composting process, organic humification primarily controlled phosphorus redistribution and immobilization. Biotic factors, including bacterial communities (i.e., Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Gemmatimonadota) and functional enzymes (i.e., acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, phytase, and C-P lyase), significantly influenced phosphorus availability in the composting systems. Temperature-dependent composting phases restricted microbial actions on phosphorus transformation. These findings highlight the mechanisms underlying phosphorus transformation in composting systems, and provide valuable insights for advancing composting technology and protecting agricultural ecosystems.

RESUMEN

Imide functionalization has been widely proved to be an effective approach to enrich optoelectronic properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, appending multiple imide groups onto linear acenes is still a synthetic challenge. Herein, we demonstrate that by taking advantage of a "breaking and mending" strategy, a linear pentacene tetraimides (PeTI) was synthesized through a three-step sequence started from the naphthalene diimides (NDI). Compared with the parent pentacene, PeTI shows a deeper-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, narrower bandgap and better stability. The redox behavior of PeTI was firstly evaluated by generating a stable radical anion specie with the assistance of cobaltocene (CoCp2), and the structure of the electron transfer (ET) complex was confirmed by the X-ray crystallography. Moreover, due to the presence of multiple redox-active sites, we are able to show that the state-of-the-art energy storage performance of the dealkylated PeTI (designated as PeTCTI) in organic potassium ion batteries (OPIBs) as an anode. Our results shed light on the application of multiple imides functionalized linear acenes, and the reported synthetic strategy provides an effective way to get access to longer nanoribbon imides with fascinating electronic properties.

RESUMEN

Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris (Xcc) is a significant phytopathogen causing black rot disease in crucifers. Xcc injects a variety of type III effectors (T3Es) into the host cell to assist infection or propagation. A number of T3Es inhibit plant immunity, but the biochemical basis for a vast majority of them remains unknown. Previous research has revealed that the evolutionarily conserved XopL-family effector XopLXcc inhibits plant immunity, although the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. In this study, we identified proton pump interactor (PPI1) as a specific virulence target of XopLXcc in Arabidopsis. Notably, the C-terminus of PPI1 and the Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains of XopLXcc are pivotal for facilitating this interaction. Our findings indicate that PPI1 plays a role in the immune response of Arabidopsis to Xcc. These results propose a model in which XopLXcc binds to PPI1, disrupting the early defense responses activated in Arabidopsis during Xcc infection and providing valuable insights into potential strategies for regulating plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase activity during infection. These novel insights enhance our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of T3Es and contribute to the development of effective strategies for controlling bacterial diseases.

Asunto(s)

Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Proteínas Bacterianas , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Xanthomonas campestris , Arabidopsis/microbiología , Arabidopsis/inmunología , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Xanthomonas campestris/patogenicidad , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/inmunología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Inmunidad Innata , Inmunidad de la Planta , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/inmunología , Sistemas de Secreción Tipo III/metabolismo , Sistemas de Secreción Tipo III/genética , Virulencia , Unión Proteica

RESUMEN

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-based cancer immunotherapy has shown promise as a potential treatment in the clinic. It has been reported that anti-PD-L1 combined with cisplatin treatment can improve the antitumor effect. However, the therapeutic outcome is limited due to the abundance of tumor stroma in pancreatic cancer (PC), which prevented the penetration of cisplatin and anti-PD-L1 into tumor regions, thus impeding the effectiveness in the treatment of PC. In this study, a nanocarrier-mediated codelivery system of hyaluronidase and cisplatin was constructed, which can degrade the stroma and promote cisplatin and anti-PD-L1 to penetrate the tumor stroma into the deep tumor, so as to suppress PC effectively. When combined the cisplatin nanocarrier system BPEI-SS-Pt/HAase@CaP (BSP/H@CaP) with an immune checkpoint inhibitor to overcome the poor therapeutic outcome of PC, the results indicated that the therapeutic effect of BSP/H@CaP combined with anti-PD-L1 was better than that of BSP/H@CaP and single anti-PD-L1 group. Because the stroma is degrading, a higher amount of BPEI-SS-Pt and anti-PD-L1 can enter the tumor stroma and reach the inner depths of the tumor for immune stimulation, leading to a synergistically augmented chemotherapy and immunotherapy for PC. The above combination therapy is useful for clinical translation to overcome the treatment resistance of matrix-rich PC.

Asunto(s)

Antígeno B7-H1 , Cisplatino , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Cisplatino/farmacología , Cisplatino/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/inmunología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/terapia , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/farmacología , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/administración & dosificación , Antígeno B7-H1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antígeno B7-H1/inmunología , Animales , Humanos , Ratones , Línea Celular Tumoral , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Nanopartículas , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Hialuronoglucosaminidasa , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C

RESUMEN

Various antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) are known to induce repeated pulmonary infections and increase morbidity and mortality. A thorough knowledge of antibiotic resistance is imperative for clinical practice to treat resistant pulmonary infections. In this study, we used a reads-based method and an assembly-based method according to the metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) data to reveal the spectra of ARB and corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in samples from patients with pulmonary infections. A total of 151 clinical samples from 144 patients with pulmonary infections were collected for retrospective analysis. The ARB and ARGs detection performance was compared by the reads-based method and assembly-based method with the culture method and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST), respectively. In addition, ARGs and the attribution relationship of common ARB were analyzed by the two methods. The comparison results showed that the assembly-based method could assist in determining pathogens detected by the reads-based method as true ARB and improve the predictive capabilities (46% > 13%). ARG-ARB network analysis revealed that assembly-based method could promote determining clear ARG-bacteria attribution and 101 ARGs were detected both in two methods. 25 ARB were obtained by both methods, of which the most predominant ARB and its ARGs in the samples of pulmonary infections were Acinetobacter baumannii (ade), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (mex), Klebsiella pneumoniae (emr), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (sme). Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the assembly-based method could be a supplement to the reads-based method and uncovered pulmonary infection-associated ARB and ARGs as potential antibiotic treatment targets.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Bacterias , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Microbiota , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Microbiota/genética , Microbiota/efectos de los fármacos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Metagenómica/métodos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/microbiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Genes Bacterianos/genética , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad

RESUMEN

With the advancement of deep learning, related networks have shown strong performance for Hyperspectral Image (HSI) classification. However, these methods face two main challenges in HSI classification: (1) the inability to capture global information of HSI due to the restriction of patch input and (2) insufficient utilization of information from limited labeled samples. To overcome these challenges, we propose an Advanced Global Prototypical Segmentation (AGPS) framework. Within the AGPS framework, we design a patch-free feature extractor segmentation network (SegNet) based on a fully convolutional network (FCN), which processes the entire HSI to capture global information. To enrich the global information extracted by SegNet, we propose a Fusion of Lateral Connection (FLC) structure that fuses the low-level detailed features of the encoder output with the high-level features of the decoder output. Additionally, we propose an Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling-Position Attention (ASPP-PA) module to capture multi-scale spatial positional information. Finally, to explore more valuable information from limited labeled samples, we propose an advanced global prototypical representation learning strategy. Building upon the dual constraints of the global prototypical representation learning strategy, we introduce supervised contrastive learning (CL), which optimizes our network with three different constraints. The experimental results of three public datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods.

RESUMEN

Obesity is a worldwide health problem with a rapidly rising incidence. In organ transplantation, increasing numbers of patients with obesity accumulate on waiting lists and undergo surgery. Obesity is in general conceptualized as a chronic inflammatory disease, potentially impacting alloimmune response and graft function. Here, we summarize our current understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms that control obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation and provide insights into mechanisms affecting transplant outcomes, emphasizing on the beneficial effects of weight loss on alloimmune responses.

RESUMEN

HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer accounts for 20-30% of all breast cancers. Although trastuzumab has significantly improved the survival of patients with HER2+ breast cancer, more than 70% of patients develop drug resistance within one year of treatment. Differential-gene-expression analysis of trastuzumab-sensitive and resistant HER2+ breast cancer cell lines from GSE15043 was performed to identify the biomarkers associated with trastuzumab resistance. Differential biomarker expression was confirmed in FFPE tissues collected from clinical HER2+ breast cancer tumor samples that were sensitive or resistant to trastuzumab treatment. UGT1A7, a member of the uronic acid transferase family, was associated with trastuzumab resistance. UGT1A7 expression was downregulated in trastuzumab-resistant tumor tissues and in a cell line that developed trastuzumab resistance (BT474TR). Overexpressing UGT1A7 in BT474TR restored their sensitivity to trastuzumab treatment, whereas downregulating UGT1A7 expression in parental cells led to trastuzumab resistance. Importantly, UGT1A7 localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and altered stress responses. Furthermore, downregulating UGT1A7 expression promoted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by affecting TWIST, SNAIL, and GRP78 expression and the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, thus contributing to trastuzumab resistance. This study demonstrated the important role and novel mechanisms of UGT1A7 in tumor responses to trastuzumab. Low UGT1A7 expression plays an important role in EMT and contributes to trastuzumab resistance. UGT1A7 has the potential to be developed as a biomarker for identifying patients who are resistant to trastuzumab treatment.

RESUMEN

Due to industrialization, soil heavy metal pollution is a growing concern, with humic substances (HS) playing a pivotal role in soil passivation. To address the long duration of the compost humification problem, coal fly ash (CFA) in situ catalyzes the rapid pyrolysis of the cotton stalk (CS) to produce HS to address Cd passivation. Results indicate that the highest yield of humic acid (HA) (8.42%) and fulvic acid (FA) (1.36%) is obtained when the CS to CFA mass ratio is 1:0.5, at 275 ℃ for 120 min. Further study reveals that CFA catalysis CS humification, through the creation of alkaline pyrolysis conditions, Fe2O3 can stimulate the protein and the decomposition of hemicellulose in CS, and then, through the Maillard and Sugar-amine condensation reaction synthesis HA and FA. Applying HS-CS&CFA in Cd-contaminated soil demonstrates a 26.69% reduction in exchangeable Cd within 30 days by chemical complexation. Excellent maize growth effects and environmental benefits of HS products are the prerequisites for subsequent engineering applications. Similar industrial solid wastes, such as steel slag and red mud, rich in Fe2O3, can be explored to identify their catalytic humification effect. It could provide a novel and effective way for industrial solid wastes to be recycled for biomass humification and widely applied in remediating Cd-contaminated agricultural soil.

Asunto(s)

Cadmio , Ceniza del Carbón , Gossypium , Sustancias Húmicas , Contaminantes del Suelo , Ceniza del Carbón/química , Cadmio/química , Suelo/química , Catálisis

RESUMEN

Co-culturing fungi and microalgae may effectively remediate wastewater containing Cd and harvest microalgae. Nevertheless, a detailed study of the mechanisms underlying the synergistic interactions between fungi and microalgae under Cd(II) exposure is lacking. In this study, Cd(II) exposure resulted in a significant enhancement of antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared to the control group, suggesting that the cellular antioxidant defense response was activated. Extracellular proteins and extracellular polysaccharides of the symbiotic system were increased by 60.61 % and ,24.29 %, respectively, after Cd(II) exposure for 72 h. The adsorption behavior of Cd(II) was investigated using three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Metabolomics results showed that the TCA cycle provided effective material and energy supply for the symbiotic system to resist the toxicity of Cd(II); Proline, histidine, and glutamine strengthened the synergistic adsorption capacity of the fungus and microalgae. Overall, the theoretical foundation for a deep comprehension of the beneficial interactions between fungi and microalgae under Cd(II) exposure and the role of the fungal-algal symbiotic system in the management of heavy metal pollution is provided by this combined physiological and metabolomic investigation.

Asunto(s)

Aspergillus fumigatus , Cadmio , Metabolómica , Microalgas , Synechocystis , Cadmio/toxicidad , Cadmio/metabolismo , Microalgas/metabolismo , Microalgas/efectos de los fármacos , Aspergillus fumigatus/metabolismo , Synechocystis/metabolismo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/metabolismo , Simbiosis , Adsorción , Antioxidantes/metabolismo