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The influence of the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on mental health was poorly understood. The present study aimed to exam sleep problems and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in Chinese immediately after the massive outbreak of COVID-19. A total of 2027 Chinese participated in the present study. Wuhan-expose history, sleep quality and PTSS were measured with self-rating scales. Results showed that there were significant differences of PCL-5 and of sleep quality scores in different data-collection dates (ps<0.05). There were significant differences of PCL-5 scores (t=-2.93, p<0.05) and latency onset of sleep ({chi}2=9.77, p<0.05) between participants with and without Wuhan-expose history. The interaction effect of Wuhan exposure historyx sleep quality significantly influenced PCL-5 (ps<0.05). These results indicate that keeping good sleep quality in individuals with high infectious risk is a way to prevent PTSS.
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BackgroundTo exam the prevalence of and risk factors for acute posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Chinese people shortly after the COVID-19 outbreak. MethodsAn online questionnaire survey was conducted between 30 January and 3 February, 2020. The survey included two self-administered questionnaires: one was designed to require participants personal information (gender, age, education background), current location, recent epidemic area contact history, the classification of population, and subjective sleep quality; the other was the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). ResultsA total of 2091 Chinese participated in this study. The prevalence of PTSD among the Chinese public one month after the COVID-19 outbreak was 4.6%. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that gender (p < 0.001), epidemic area contact history (p = 0.047), classification of population (p < 0.001), and subjective sleep quality (p < 0.001) could be regarded as predictor factors for PTSD. LimitationsFirst, the majority of participants in this study were the general public, and confirmed or suspected patients being a small part. Second, the measurement of PTSD might be vulnerable to selection bias because of an online self-report study, such as participants recruitment. Third, the prevalence of PTSD in this study was estimated by an online questionnaire rather than a clinical interview. ConclusionsThe results revealed that some Chinese showed acute PTSD during the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, comprehensive psychological intervention needs further implementation. Furthermore, females, people who having recent epidemic area contact history, those at high risk of infection or with poor sleep quality deserve special attention.
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Objective:To explore whether there will be attentional bias under the condition of fear,disgust and positive emotional arousal. Methods:Totally 96 college students were selected as participants in this study,inclu-ding 60 males and 36 femalesaged 18-22 years. Affective priming videos were adopted to prime participants'emo-tion (dread,disgust,joviality),and then they named the color of the cognitive words (positive words,negative words,neutral words)as quickly and accurately as possible. Reaction time and correctness were recorded. E-prime was adopted to write the experimental program. The reaction time for neutral words was baseline. Results:The aver-age reaction time (RT)of color-naming tasks of negative words were shorter than that of neutral words after fright-ening affective priming[(648 ±118)ms vs. (743 ±124)ms,P<0. 01]. Furthermore,the average RT of color-na-ming tasks of positive words were also shorter than that of neutral after frightening affective priming[(683 ±123) ms vs. (743 ±124)ms,P<0. 05]. The average RT of color-naming tasks of negative words were shorter than that of neutral words after disgusting affective priming[(579 ±86)ms vs. (720 ±101 )ms;P<0. 01 ]. Moreover,the av-erage RT of color-naming tasks of positive words were shorter than that of neutral words after delighted affective priming[(634 ±122)ms vs. (716 ±141)ms;P<0. 01]. Furthermore,the average RT of disgusting priming group-were shorter than the frightening priming grouptowards negative information[(579 ±86)ms vs. (648 ±118)ms,P<0. 05 ]. Conclusion:It suggests that the youth perform more obvious attentional bias towards negative information after disgusting affective priming than the frightening one. Frightening affective priming could evidently induce the attentional bias on positive information.
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Objective To investigate the psychological measurement index for the effectiveness and discrimination of drug packaging (color code) in the medicine for self-aid and mutual-aid .Methods The classical priming paradigm was used to inves-tigate whether there were influences on the recognition accuracy (ACC) and reaction time (RT) by memorizing the characteris-tics of three series of color code ,with a 2 (relevant or irrelevant priming )× 3 (color code categories) within subject experimen-tal design .Results ①The recognition (RT ) of the relevant-priming group was 1 387 .18 ms ,compared with the irrelevant-priming group 1 475 .12 ms .The independent two-sample t-test showed statistically significant difference between the relevant-priming and irrelevant-priming groups (t=2 .264 ,P=0 .02) .②The analysis of variance of factorial design showed a significant difference among the three series in the recognition (RT) (F=9 .945 ,P<0 .001) .The priming effect was significant in color code 1 and 3 ,while not significant in color code 2 .③The recognition (RT) in color code 2 was different by the judgment task :using directives< class-1 categorical attributes < class-2 categorical attributes ,consistent with the order of difficulty of the judgment task .The P value for the priming effect was 0 .03 ,0 .21 and 0 .7 in the judgment task for using directives ,class-1 cat-egorical attributes and class-2 categorical attributes .The priming effect was significant in using directives ,while not significant in class-1 categorical attributes and class-2 categorical attributes .Conclusion The priming effect of the characteristic of the color code is significant ,and the characteristic of the color code can promote the process of memorization of the medicine for self-aid and mutual-aid .