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Objective To establish a fast detection method of sodium aescinate by using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy analysis method for the determination of the content of sodium aescinate for injection. Methods OPUS software was used to optimize the collected spectrum. PLS algorithm and factorization algorithm were used to establish quantitative model and qualitative model. Results The correlation coefficient of the quantitative model reached 0.9926, the RMSECV deviation was 0.253. The deviation between the predicted value of the sample and the true measured value was less than 5%, which could accurately predict the content of sodium aescinate. Conclution The qualitative model can effectively distinguish the samples of other varieties that have not participated in the modeling, and provide a reference for the rapid screening of the drug.
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Objective:To establish a method for the determination of chloramphenicol and hydrocortisone in chloramphenicol hy-drocortisone ear drop. Methods:An HPLC method was used with a Shiseido SPOLAR C18 column (250 mm ′4. 6 mm, 5 mm). The mobile phase was 0. 01 mol·L-1 sodium heptane sulfonate buffer solution (6. 8 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate was dissolved in 0. 01 mol · L-1 heptane sodium sulfonate buffer solution and diluted to 1000 ml, 5 ml triethylamine was added and mixed, and then the pH was adjusted to 2. 5 by phosphoric acid)-methanol (40︰60). The column temperature was 30℃ and the flow rate was 1. 0 ml · min-1 . The detection wavelength was 245 nm and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results: Chloramphenicol and hydrocortisone had a good linear relationship within the range of 50. 26-753. 84 μg · ml-1 ( r =0. 9996 ) and 10. 93-163. 92 μg · ml-1 ( r =1. 0000), respectively. The average recovery of chloramphenicol was 100. 21% and RSD was 0. 48%(n=9). The average recovery of hydrocortisone was 100. 82% and RSD was 0. 37% (n=9). Conclusion:The method has the advantages of high specificity, good reproducibility and high precision, and can be used as a method for the determination of chloramphenicol and hydrocortisone in chlor-amphenicol hydrocortisone ear drop.
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The expansion of CD4+ CD25+ forkhead box (FOX)P3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells has been observed in patients with Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis; however, the mechanism of expansion remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of the early secreted antigenic target 6(ESAT6) and antigen 85 complex B (Ag85B) from M. tuberculosis on Treg cell expansion. To investigate the sensitivity of peripheral blood cultures to the M. tuberculosis ESAT6 and Ag85B antigens, the proportion of circulating CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Treg cells was determined using flow cytometry and the levels of FOXP3 mRNA were determined using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The mRNA levels of FOXP3 and the proportion of circulating CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Treg cells were increased in multiplicitous drugresistant tuberculosis patients compared with those in healthy controls and patients with latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) (P<0.001). The mycobacterial antigens ESAT6 and Ag85B increased the expansion of the CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Treg cells and the mRNA levels of FOXP3 in healthy controls and LTBI patients compared with the effect of Bacillus CalmetteGuerin (P<0.05). Additionally, the mRNA levels of FOXP3 were elevated in the LTBI patients following stimulations with the mycobacterial antigens (P=0.012). Therefore, the M. tuberculosis antigens ESAT6 and Ag85B induced CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Tregcell expansion, particularly in patients with LTBI. These findings indicated that CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ Treg cells may have a primary role in the failure of the host immune system to eradicate M. tuberculosis.
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Aciltransferasas/inmunología , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Proteínas Bacterianas/inmunología , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/inmunología , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/metabolismo , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Tuberculosis/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/genética , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Tuberculosis Latente/genética , Tuberculosis Latente/inmunología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efectos de los fármacos , Fenotipo , ARN Mensajero/genética , Tuberculosis/diagnóstico , Tuberculosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Tuberculosis/genética , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/genética , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/inmunología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In this paper, we propose a reconfigurable surface plasmon polariton (SPP) wave adapter designed by transformation optics, which can control the propagation of SPP waves on un-even surfaces. The proposed plasmonic device is constructed using homogeneously tunable materials (e.g. liquid crystals) so that the corresponding SPP wave transmission can be reconfigured by applying different voltages. Additionally, modified designs optimized for practical fabrication parameters are investigated. Their performance is verified by full-wave simulations. The proposed devices will pave the way towards developing tunable plasmonic devices.
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Lentes , Cristales Líquidos/química , Modelos Químicos , Resonancia por Plasmón de Superficie/instrumentación , Simulación por Computador , Diseño de Equipo , Análisis de Falla de EquipoRESUMEN
The K(2)CO(3)-catalyzed domino reactions (Michael alkylation, Mannich alkylation, and aldol alkylation) of salicylic aldehyde derivatives (2-hydroxyaryl-α,ß-unsaturated ketones, 2-hydroxyarylnitroalkenes, 2-hydroxyarylimines, and salicylic aldehydes) and 2-halo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (diethyl α-bromomalonate, diethyl α-chloromalonate, ethyl 2-chloroacetoacetate, and 3-chloropentane-2,4-dione) were carried out under mild conditions to provide a series of functionalized 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans in moderate to excellent yields. The novel transformations simultaneously gave a series of clofibrate analogues, which possess various substitution patterns.
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Benzofuranos/química , Carbonatos/química , Clofibrato/química , Potasio/química , Estructura MolecularRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Immune regulatory mechanisms may limit the immunopathologic condition of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and suppress cellular immune responses in the host. We investigated the CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) circulating regulatory T cells (T(reg)) in patients with cavity multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) before and after surgery. METHODS: We compared the proportion of T(reg) cells in 13 patients with cavity MDR-TB pre- and postoperatively and in 10 healthy control subjects by flow cytometry using three specific markers in peripheral blood lymphocytes: cell-surface CD4 and CD25 expression and intracellular FoxP3 expression. RESULTS: The proportion of CD4(+)CD25(high) and CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T(reg) was significantly higher in patients with cavity MDR-TB and at 1-month postoperatively than in healthy controls (p<0.001). The proportion of CD4(+) and CD4(+)CD25(-) cells was significantly lower in patients with cavity MDR-TB than in controls (p<0.001). Pre- and postoperative proportions of CD4(+)CD25(high) and CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T(reg) cells showed a positive correlation (r=0.878, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Circulating T(reg) cells are increased in proportion in patients with cavity MDR-TB and decreased after surgery. Infection with M. tuberculosis may induce T(reg) cell-surface molecular changes with increased numbers of cells.
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Antígenos CD4/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/metabolismo , Subunidad alfa del Receptor de Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Pulmón/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/cirugía , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Pulmón/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/inmunología , Neumonectomía/métodos , Radiografía , Linfocitos T Reguladores/citología , Tomógrafos Computarizados por Rayos X , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/diagnóstico por imagen , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/inmunología , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/microbiología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/inmunología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/microbiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the characteristic findings of an anomalous systemic arterial supply to the lung without the pulmonary artery on spiral CT and discuss its nomenclature.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four cases of anomalous systemic arterial supply to the left basal segment of the lung without the pulmonary artery were retrospectively reviewed with analysis of the characteristic CT findings.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On spiral CT scans, the involved left lower lung including the entire left basal segments (n=2), the lateral and posterior basal segment (n=1), and the anterior, medial, and posterior basal segment (n=1) had mild volume loss and areas of ground-glass opacity but with normal bronchial trees. The absence of the entire or part of the basal segments of the normal left lower lobar pulmonary artery, anomalous systemic artery originating from the abdominal aorta, diffuse dilatation of the systemic arterial branches distributed in the basal segments of the left lower lobe, and left lower pulmonary venous drainage into left atrium were found in all these patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This anomaly presents with characteristic findings on chest spiral CT, for which the nomenclature of local absent pulmonary artery better shows the characteristics of the disease.</p>
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Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Aorta Abdominal , Anomalías Congénitas , Diagnóstico por Imagen , Arteria Pulmonar , Anomalías Congénitas , Diagnóstico por Imagen , Estudios Retrospectivos , Terminología como Asunto , Tomografía Computarizada EspiralRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathology, diagnosis,treatment, and prognosis of primary appendiceal tumors. METHODS: The clinical data of 37 patients with primary tumors of the appendix, 16 males and 21 females, aged 56 +/- 13 (35-87) hospitalized Jan. 1977 to Feb. 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Appendicitis and abdominal mass were the major clinical manifestations. All 37 cases received surgical operation with the diagnosis confirmed by pathology. The pathological types included carcinoid tumor (n=12), mucinous tumor (n=17), and adenocarcinoma (n=8). Only 4 cases were diagnosed pathologically by biopsy before operation, 28 cases were diagnosed by intra-operative frozen section, and 5 cases were diagnosed after operation. Single appendectomy were performed in 17 cases, ileocecalectomy in 9 cases, right hemicolectomy in 8 cases, and other operation patterns in 3 cases. The 1, 3, and 5-year survival rates of the primary appendix carcinoid tumor, mucinous tumor, and adenocarcinoma were 100.0%, 100.0%, and 91.7%, 100.0%, 86.7%, and 71.5%, and 75.0%, 50.0%, and 50.0% respectively. CONCLUSION: A rare disease, appendiceal tumors lack specific clinical features. Intra-operative exploration and frozen section are very important for diagnosis and operation choice. The prognosis of primary appendix carcinoid tumors is better.
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Neoplasias del Apéndice/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Apéndice/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Neurogenesis occurs in adult brain neural progenitor cells (NPCs) located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the subgrandular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. After ischemic stroke, NPCs in the SVZ proliferate and migrate towards the ischemic boundary region to replenish damaged neurons. During development, the Wnt pathways contribute to stem cell maintenance and promote neurogenesis. We hypothesized that stroke up regulates Wnt family genes in SVZ cells. Non-ischemic and ischemic cultured SVZ cells and a single population of non-ischemic and ischemic SVZ cells isolated by laser capture microdissection (LCM) were analyzed for Wnt pathway expression using real-time RT-PCR and immunostaining. The number of neurospheres increased significantly (p<0.05) in SVZ cells derived from ischemic (32+/-4.7/rat) compared with the number in non-ischemic SVZ cells (18+/-3/rat). Wnt family gene mRNA levels were detected in SVZ cells isolated from both cultured and LCM SVZ cells, however there was no up regulation between non-ischemic and ischemic SVZ cells. Immunostaining on brain sections also demonstrated no up regulation of Wnt pathway protein between ischemic and non-ischemic SVZ cells. Expression of the Wnt family genes in SVZ cells support the hypothesis that the Wnt pathway may be involved in neurogenesis in the adult brain. However, ischemia does not up regulate Wnt family gene expression.
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Proliferación Celular , Regeneración Nerviosa/fisiología , Plasticidad Neuronal/fisiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/metabolismo , Telencéfalo/metabolismo , Proteínas Wnt/genética , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Inmunohistoquímica , Ventrículos Laterales , Masculino , Microdisección/métodos , Neuronas/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/análisis , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Células Madre/metabolismo , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatología , Telencéfalo/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of Pingyangmycin-albumin microspheres (PYM-AMS) acted on the rabbit central auricular arteries. METHODS: In the study of randomized block design, 24 Japanese white rabbits were divided into 4 groups, 6 rabbits in each group. The animals were put on the operation table after being anaesthetized by intramuscular injection of Xumianxin (0.2 ml/Kg) and the interior division was blocked to stop drug liquid get into the interior ear. After being sterilized with 75% alcohol, No.1(PYM hydrochloride injection+0.9% NaCl), No.2(PYM+soybean oil), No.3(PYM-AMS+soybean oil) liquids which contained PYM 5mg/ml were injected into the central auricular arteries of the animals about 30 seconds (0.26 ml/per ear), respectively. Then these vessels were examined histologically after 2,7, 14, 21 days respectively. RESULTS: After injection, in PYM+0.9% NS control group (No.1 liquid), the ears and vessels had no significant changes. In PYM+soybean oil control group (No.2 liquid), at the 2nd day, the endothelial cells were mild swollen. At the 7th day, some endothelial cells were dropped off. At the 14th day, the central auricular arteries had mild change, but the blood flow was not blocked. At the 21st day, the wall of the central auricular artery had more layers, especially on the intima, but the lumen was still obvious. A few of endothelial cells were proliferative. In PYM-AMS group(No.3 liquid), the blood was not resumed at once, and there was some oil in the vessels. At the 1st day, the injection site was mild swollen, and small thrombosis was observed in small vessels. At the 7th-14th day, the central auricular arteries were narrowed, but the blood could be observed. At the 21st day, the vessels had sclerostenosis, and the blood flow was blocked, but no scar and necrosis were observed. Under light microscopy, at the 2nd day, the endothelial cells were mild swollen and small vessels were embolized by PYM-AMS. At the 7th day, the endothelial cells were mild swollen. At the 14th day, the endothelial cells were proliferative and the wall of the central auricular artery had more layers. The lumen of the central artery changed mildly, while the surface of PYM-AMS was absorbed. At the 21st day, the wall of the central auricular artery was proliferative obviously and the artery became sclerostenosed, while cell division was observed. The PYM-AMS was obviously absorbed and some artery was sclerostenosed, while the wall of small vein was proliferative, too. The proliferative intima was proved to be muscle cells with Masson stain and van Gieson's stain. There were many smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts in the original blood vascular lumen on the 21st day under electron microscopy. CONCLUSION: Pingyangmycin nonspecifically made the endothelia and vessels injured, and induced proliferation of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, and gradually the vessels became sclerostenosed. PYM-AMS had both sustained-releasing effect and embolization effect. PYM-AMS may be a better drug for treatment of large venous malformations and arteriovenous malformations.
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Arterias/efectos de los fármacos , Arteriosclerosis/inducido químicamente , Bleomicina/análogos & derivados , Pabellón Auricular/irrigación sanguínea , Albúminas/farmacología , Animales , Arterias/patología , Bleomicina/farmacología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Microesferas , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/efectos de los fármacos , Conejos , EsclerosisRESUMEN
The effects of acidity and temperature on the fluorescent characteristics of N-N-bis-(O-Carboxylphenyl)-Oxamide (OBBE) have been studied in details. And the quantum efficiency of fluorescence has been measured. In a pH 8-9.5 buffer medium of H3BO3-NaOH, OBBE has a maximum excitation wavelength at 210 nm and a maximum emission wavelength at 395 nm. The nitrate reacts with OBBE and quenches the fluorescent intensity of OBBE. Thus a new sensitive method using the quenching of synchronous fluorimetry has been developed for the direct determination of nitrate in water. The linear calibration curve was obtained in the range of 0.0028 and 0.16 mg.L-1, the detection limit was 0.0028 mg.L-1. The proposed method has been applied to the determination of nitrate in water with satisfactory results.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the forms of microcirculation of arterialized venous flap. METHODS: Twenty New Zealand rabbits were equally divided into two groups, arterialized venous flap group (group A) and control group (group B). The microcirculatory haemodynamic of arterialized venous flap was studied through observation of transparent chamber in rabbit's ears with aspecial TV set with manification of 1000. RESULTS: The blood of arterilized venous flap flowed through venule anastomosis and drained to another venule. CONCLUSION: It is the main form of microcirculation in early stage that blood flows from venule to draining venule by way of communicating networks between venules.