RESUMEN
Driving in urban areas can be challenging and encounter acute stress. To detect driver stress, collecting data on real roads without interfering the driver is preferred. A smartphone-based data collection protocol was developed to support a naturalistic driving study. Sixty-one participants drove on predetermined real road routes, and driving information as well as physiological, psychological, and facial data were collected. The algorithm identified potentially stressful events based on the collected data. Participants classified these events as low, medium, or highly stressful events by watching recorded videos after the experiment. These events were then used to train prediction models. The best model achieved an accuracy of 92.5% in classifying low/medium/highly stressful events. The contribution of physiological, psychological, and facial expression indices and individual profile information was evaluated. The method can be applied to visualise the geographical distribution of stressors, monitor driver behaviour, and help drivers regulate their driving habits.
The data collection protocol for driving on real roads and the stressful event identification method could potentially be applied for in-vehicle driver status monitoring and stress intervention.
Asunto(s)
Conducción de Automóvil , Teléfono Inteligente , Estrés Psicológico , Humanos , Conducción de Automóvil/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Algoritmos , Población Urbana , Expresión FacialRESUMEN
This driving simulator study aimed to encourage cooperative lane changes through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication and explore whether emotional or rational communication content is better in promoting cooperative lane change. A total of 960 lane-changing datapoints from 30 participants in a driving simulation environment were collected. The participants' behavior, driving-related data, and emotional responses were recorded and analyzed. The results revealed that the trigger time to collision (TTC) between the lane changer and the following vehicle in the target lane and communication types were all important factors influencing the willingness of drivers to cooperate. V2V communication could significantly increase the willingness of the driver in the following vehicle to cooperate compared to the traditional method in which desire to change lanes is conveyed with only turn lights. The effect of different communication contents on willingness to cooperate did not vary significantly; however, emotional communication was superior to rational communication in some cases. This indicates that changing lanes owing to an emergency was more likely to be successful. The results of this study can provide a reference for V2V communication design for a safer and more comfortable driving experience.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes de Tránsito , Conducción de Automóvil , Accidentes de Tránsito/prevención & control , Conducción de Automóvil/psicología , Comunicación , Simulación por Computador , Emociones , HumanosRESUMEN
Scenario-based warnings for road safety can be provided in the environment of intelligent connected vehicles via Bluetooth earphones or smart wristbands; designing an optimal means of presentation to drivers is an important point of consideration. Vibration warnings have been widely studied owing to their unique benefits. This experimental study aims to identify suitable body parts for vibration warnings during driving. The independent variables were the vibration position (three levels of stimulus, i.e., wrist, shin, and upper jaw) and response effector (two levels, i.e., hand and foot). Experiment Tasks 1 and 2 measured participants' simple reaction time and choice reaction time, respectively, when providing vibration warnings in non-driving situations. The results demonstrate that the vibration on the upper jaw has the shortest simple reaction time and choice reaction time. The effect of stimulus-response consistency on choice reaction time was insignificant. Task 3 was similar to Task 2, with the exception of simulated driving. Compared to the result in Task 2, the choice reaction time in Task 3 was approximately 200 ms longer. Vibration of the upper jaw was reported to have the highest perceived intensity and preference. Based on the study results, the design implications for wearable vibration warnings of collision avoidance systems are presented.