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PROBLEM: We aimed to explore the risk factors in patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) and to provide a basis for clinically targeted therapy. METHOD OF STUDY: This case-control study comprised 202 patients with URSA treated at our hospital and 115 women in early pregnancy with a normal birth history during the same period. After procuring the data we conducted a multivariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors related to URSA. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis showed (i) that the number of spontaneous abortions (SAs; odds ratio [OR] = 492.123), the levels of autoantibodies (OR = 19.322) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α; OR = 9.615), and the CT and TT genotypes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T (OR = 6.217 and 15.009, respectively) were risk factors for URSA and (ii) that 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)D; OR = 0.919) was a protective factor. The most important risk factor was a history of one or more SAs, with the risk of pregnancy loss increasing 491.123-fold. Every unit increase in serum 25-(OH)D reduced the risk of SA by 8.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors for URSA included the number of SAs, the levels of autoantibodies and TNF-α, and the MTHFR C677T T allele; 25-(OH)D was a protective factor. We recommend that women diagnosed with URSA receive intervention as soon as possible so as to actively reduce the incidence of recurrent SA.

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Phytochemical investigation of Senecio obtusatus Wall. ex DC led to the isolation of a novel alkaloid, senobtusin (1). Compound 1 possesses an atypical amidine moiety, and the structure was determined on the basis of extensive NMR analysis and HR-ESI-MS technique. This is the first report of this class of natural products obtained from family Asteraceae, and the systematic importance was also discussed.

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(-)-gamma-Lactam is one of the key starting materials for the synthesis (-)-cabovir and (-)-abacavir, which serve as two powerful antiviral agents. The production of gamma-lactam using enzymatic resolution of racemic gamma-lactam was attempted in the paper. 20 out of 69 strains capable of producing lactamase were screened from soil samples collected in several districts throughout Beijing; particularly N-actylphenylalanine was used as sole carbon source in the screening method. It was found by chiral HPLC analysis that strain L29-9 was able to enantioselectively hydrolyze the (+)-isomer in the racemic lactam, thus giving the desired (-)-gamma-lactam with high enantiomeric excess (> 70%). Ferment conditions of strain L29-9, including carbon source, nitrogen source, pH, and culturing time, were studied and the optimum conditions were as follows: citric acid 2 g/L, yeast extract 5 g/L, pH 7.0, culturing for 40h. Biotransformation using whole cells of the strain was inducted at 30 degrees C for 12h, giving (-)-gamma-lactam as enantiopure product with yield up to 40% and 99.5% e.e.

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