RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To establish a new rat model, the pathogenesis of which is closer to the clinical occurrence of chronic obstructive jaundice with liver fibrosis. METHODS: 90 SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A common bile duct ligation, group B common bile duct injection compont and group C injection saline. The serum of three groups was extracted, and the liver function was detected by ELISA. HE staining, Masson staining and immunohistochemistry were used to detect liver pathology. RESULTS: Group B showed a fluctuant development of jaundice, obstructive degree reached a peak at 2 weeks, and decreased from 3 weeks. HA, LA and PCIII were significantly higher than control group. 3 weeks after surgery, liver tissue fibrosis occurred in group B, and a wide range of fiber spacing was formed at 5 weeks. Immunohistochemistry showed that hepatic stellate cells were more active than the control group. CONCLUSION: Intra-biliary injection of Compont gel is different from the classic obstructive jaundice animal model caused by classic bile duct ligation, which can provide an ideal rat model of chronic obstructive jaundice with liver fibrosis.
Asunto(s)
Conductos Biliares/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Geles/administración & dosificación , Ictericia Obstructiva/inducido químicamente , Cirrosis Hepática/inducido químicamente , Fosfatasa Alcalina/sangre , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Compuestos Azo , Conductos Biliares/patología , Bilirrubina/análisis , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Eosina Amarillenta-(YS) , Femenino , Inmunohistoquímica , Inyecciones , Ictericia Obstructiva/patología , Cirrosis Hepática/patología , Verde de Metilo , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Valores de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Albúmina Sérica/análisis , Factores de Tiempo , gamma-Glutamiltransferasa/sangreRESUMEN
Purpose: To establish a new rat model, the pathogenesis of which is closer to the clinical occurrence of chronic obstructive jaundice with liver fibrosis. Methods: 90 SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A common bile duct ligation, group B common bile duct injection compont and group C injection saline. The serum of three groups was extracted, and the liver function was detected by ELISA. HE staining, Masson staining and immunohistochemistry were used to detect liver pathology. Results: Group B showed a fluctuant development of jaundice, obstructive degree reached a peak at 2 weeks, and decreased from 3 weeks. HA, LA and PCIII were significantly higher than control group. 3 weeks after surgery, liver tissue fibrosis occurred in group B, and a wide range of fiber spacing was formed at 5 weeks. Immunohistochemistry showed that hepatic stellate cells were more active than the control group. Conclusion: Intra-biliary injection of Compont gel is different from the classic obstructive jaundice animal model caused by classic bile duct ligation, which can provide an ideal rat model of chronic obstructive jaundice with liver fibrosis.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Ratas , Ictericia Obstructiva , Fibrosis , Hepatopatías , Conducto Colédoco/efectos de los fármacos , China , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
Abstract Purpose: To establish a new rat model, the pathogenesis of which is closer to the clinical occurrence of chronic obstructive jaundice with liver fibrosis. Methods: 90 SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A common bile duct ligation, group B common bile duct injection compont and group C injection saline. The serum of three groups was extracted, and the liver function was detected by ELISA. HE staining, Masson staining and immunohistochemistry were used to detect liver pathology. Results: Group B showed a fluctuant development of jaundice, obstructive degree reached a peak at 2 weeks, and decreased from 3 weeks. HA, LA and PCIII were significantly higher than control group. 3 weeks after surgery, liver tissue fibrosis occurred in group B, and a wide range of fiber spacing was formed at 5 weeks. Immunohistochemistry showed that hepatic stellate cells were more active than the control group. Conclusion: Intra-biliary injection of Compont gel is different from the classic obstructive jaundice animal model caused by classic bile duct ligation, which can provide an ideal rat model of chronic obstructive jaundice with liver fibrosis.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Conductos Biliares/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Geles/administración & dosificación , Cirrosis Hepática/inducido químicamente , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Valores de Referencia , Compuestos Azo , Factores de Tiempo , Conductos Biliares/patología , Bilirrubina/análisis , Albúmina Sérica/análisis , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Inmunohistoquímica , Distribución Aleatoria , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Eosina Amarillenta-(YS) , Ictericia Obstructiva/inducido químicamente , Ictericia Obstructiva/patología , Fosfatasa Alcalina/sangre , gamma-Glutamiltransferasa/sangre , Inyecciones , Cirrosis Hepática/patología , Verde de MetiloRESUMEN
The dioxygen formation mechanism of biological water oxidation in nature has long been the focus of argument; many diverse mechanistic hypotheses have been proposed. Based on a recent breakthrough in the resolution of the electronic and structural properties of the oxygen-evolving complex in the S3 state, our density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the open-cubane oxo-oxyl coupling mechanism, whose substrates preferably originate from W2 and O5 in the S2 state, emerges as the best candidate for O-O bond formation in the S4 state. This is justified by the overwhelming energetic superiority of this mechanism over alternative mechanisms in both the isomeric open and closed-cubane forms of the Mn4CaO5 cluster; spin-dependent reactivity rooted in variable magnetic couplings was found to play an essential role. Importantly, this oxygen evolution mechanism is supported by the recent discovery of femtosecond X-ray free electron lasers (XFEL), and the origin of the observed structural changes from the S1 to S3 state has been analyzed. In this view, we corroborate the proposed water binding mechanism during S2-S3 transition and correlate the theoretical models with experimental findings from aspects of substrate selectivity according to water exchange kinetics. This theoretical consequence for native metalloenzymes may serve as a significant guide for improving the design and synthesis of biomimetic materials in the field of photocatalytic water splitting.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) is a glycosylated member of the immunoglobulin superfamily whose function in human seminomas is unknown. We have recently determined that EMMPRIN possesses the ability to stimulate fibroblast and endothelial cell matrix metalloproteinase production, and that its expression was frequently up-regulated in several tumours of the urinary system. Thus, EMMPRIN expression might be associated with the progression of human seminomas. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of EMMPRIN in seminoma tissues might help to predict the patients' prognosis. METHODS: Paraffin-embedded tissues from 65 patients with seminomas and 20 normal testes were processed for immunohistochemical staining using a mouse monoclonal antibody generated against human EMMPRIN, as primary antibody, and a biotinylated goat-anti-mouse IgG, as secondary antibody. In addition, the correlation of EMMPRIN expression with clinicopathologic characteristics and patients' prognosis was also analysed. RESULTS: EMMPRIN was detected in cancerous tissues of 53 patients with seminoma, but not normal testes. Thirty- five patients showed weakly to moderately positive and 18 patients intensely positive expression. Moreover, positive EMMPRIN staining correlated significantly with various clinicopathological factors (increased TNM stage and higher histological differentiation type) as well as decreased tumour-specific survival (log-rank, p=0.02). In particular, EMMPRIN expression was an independent prognosticator as shown by Cox regression analysis (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: EMMPRIN expression in a primary tumour predicts an unfavourable prognosis in human seminoma, suggesting its crucial role in the progression of this tumour.
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Basigina/fisiología , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Seminoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Basigina/metabolismo , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Seminoma/metabolismo , Seminoma/mortalidad , Seminoma/patología , Análisis de Supervivencia , Neoplasias Testiculares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Testiculares/mortalidad , Neoplasias Testiculares/patología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To estimate individual and household economic impact of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in selected low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). BACKGROUND: Empirical evidence on the microeconomic consequences of CVD in LMIC is scarce. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We surveyed 1,657 recently hospitalized CVD patients (66% male; mean age 55.8 years) from Argentina, China, India, and Tanzania to evaluate the microeconomic and functional/productivity impact of CVD hospitalization. Respondents were stratified into three income groups. Median out-of-pocket expenditures for CVD treatment over 15 month follow-up ranged from 354 international dollars (2007 INT$, Tanzania, low-income) to INT$2,917 (India, high-income). Catastrophic health spending (CHS) was present in >50% of respondents in China, India, and Tanzania. Distress financing (DF) and lost income were more common in low-income respondents. After adjustment, lack of health insurance was associated with CHS in Argentina (OR 4.73 [2.56, 8.76], India (OR 3.93 [2.23, 6.90], and Tanzania (OR 3.68 [1.86, 7.26] with a marginal association in China (OR 2.05 [0.82, 5.11]). These economic effects were accompanied by substantial decreases in individual functional health and productivity. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals in selected LMIC bear significant financial burdens following CVD hospitalization, yet with substantial variation across and within countries. Lack of insurance may drive much of the financial stress of CVD in LMIC patients and their families.