RESUMEN
Input-output model and low carbon programming model on building ceramic industry were established. Carbon dioxide emissions of key steps and carbon footprint of products were calculated and predicted using the input-output model. While products planning was optimized using the low carbon programming model. The results showed that CO2 emission in the enterprise reached 182 543.9 t a year and CO2 emission per unit product was 10% more than advanced level in the world. 80% of the total CO2 was emitted during the processes of firing and drying. As a result, we should focus on these two steps in order to reduce carbon dioxide emission of building ceramic industry. Carbon footprint of blank tile, polished tile, and glazed tile were 150.2 t, 168.0 t, 159.6 t respectively. Optimized by the low carbon model, The ceramic enterprise could reduce carbon dioxide emission by 5.4% while not sacrificing any profit, and also could obtain profit 5.6% higher than before while unrise the carbon dioxide emission.
Asunto(s)
Contaminación del Aire/prevención & control , Dióxido de Carbono/análisis , Cerámica , Materiales de Construcción , Residuos Industriales/prevención & control , Contaminación del Aire/análisis , Industria Química , Industria de la Construcción , Modelos TeóricosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety of living related donors in short term after transplantation. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-one cases of living related donor kidney transplantation from May 2000 to July 2007 were analysed retrospectively. There were 117 male and 134 female aged from 22 to 72 years old, with a mean of 46.6 years old. The indexes were compared including serum creatinine (SCr), creatinine clearance (CCr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and quality of life before and after donation. Surgical complications were followed-up. RESULTS: Donors' SCr was (75.9 +/- 17.2) micromol/L before donation, (107.4 +/- 21.2) micromol/L on 7 d after donation, (130.4 +/- 58.2) micromol/L at the 1(st) month and (116.1 +/- 24.1) micromol/L at the 3(rd) month. There were significant difference between any 2 time points (P < 0.01). CCr was (94.4 +/- 17.5) ml/min before donation and (63.5 +/- 17.8) ml/min on 10 d after donation (P < 0.01). In 62 donors, total GFR was (82.4 +/- 21.8) ml/min before donation. On 10 d after donation, GFR of remaining kidney was (57.4 +/- 14.1) ml/min which was 34.7% higher than GFR of this kidney before donation (42.6 +/- 11.8) ml/min. There was no significant difference in quality of life before living related donors and non-donor populations (P = 0.116). Surgical complications included splenic rupture in 1 case, descending colon rupture in 1 case and wound infection in 5 cases. CONCLUSION: Living donor kidney transplantation is safe for donors, although part of indexes would vary within normal range during the early time after donation.