RESUMEN
The management of hemorrhagic diseases and other commonly refractory diseases (including gout, inflammatory diseases, cancer, pain of various forms and causes) are very challenging in clinical practice. Charcoal medicine is a frequently used complementary and alternative drug therapy for hemorrhagic diseases. However, studies (other than those assessing effects on hemostasis) on charcoal-processed medicines are limited. Carbon dots (CDs) are quasi-spherical nanoparticles that are biocompatible and have high stability, low toxicity, unique optical properties. Currently, there are various studies carried out to evaluate their efficacy and safety. The exploration of using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) -based CDs for the treatment of common diseases has received great attention. This review summarizes the literatures on medicinal herbs-derived CDs for the treatment of the difficult-to-treat diseases, and explored the possible mechanisms involved in the process of treatment.
RESUMEN
Taking the main production area of yam in North China Plain as the research area, we analyzed the status of soil fertility and fertilizer application in yam production through field investigation and tracking monitoring, examined soil nutrient balance using the input-output model of nutrients in agricultural system, and assessed the environmental risks in the yam planting system. The results showed that: 1) the contents of soil organic matter and total N were extremely low, and the contents of available P and available Zn were both low; both nitrate and available Cu contents were at the middle level, the contents of soil slowly available K, available S, and exchangeable Ca and Mg were all extremely high, the contents of available K, available Fe, and available Mn were all at high level; 2) The nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), and potassium (K2O) inputs were 575-943 kg·hm-2, 341-981 kg·hm-2, and 655-1219 kg·hm-2 during the whole growth period of yam, with chemical fertilizer accounting for 83.0%, 88.6%, and 91.3%, respectively; The input imbalance between organic and inorganic fertilizer, as well as the excessive nutrients input were prominent; 3) The surplus rate of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium reached 271.14 kg·hm-2, 466.34 kg·hm-2, and 739.97 kg·hm-2, with corresponding surplus ratio of 48.7%, 258.1%, and 324.5%, respectively, which all exceeded the environmental safety threshold and were classified as moderate risk, severe risk, and severe risk, respectively. The overall environmental risk caused by chemical fertilizer application in yam production had reached severe risk level.
Asunto(s)
Dioscorea , Suelo , China , Nutrientes , Medición de RiesgoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To use evidence-based medicine to systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture therapy for improving anorexia in tumor patients. METHODS: We queried the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Data, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases to identify reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that applied acupuncture therapy to improve anorexia in tumor patients, and used Rev Man 5.3 software to conduct a Meta-analysis of the effective rate, appetite score, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score, Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy (FAACT) appetite scale, and body weight in each study. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on whether radiotherapy or chemotherapy were also administered. RESULTS: A total of 10 RCTs were included with a total of 648 patients, including 343 patients in the treatment group and 305 patients in the control group. The Meta-analysis results showed that the clinical efficacy, appetite score, KPS score, and FAACT score of the treatment group (which received acupuncture to improve appetite) were better than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); however, there was no statistically significant difference in body weight between the treatment group and the control group (P > 0.05). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the effective rate and appetite score for patients with long-term and chronic loss of appetite who underwent acupuncture were better than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture therapy has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of anorexia in tumor patients, and it also has good efficacy and safety for long-term and chronic loss of appetite. The reliability and stability of the above results need to be confirmed by high-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes.
Asunto(s)
Terapia por Acupuntura , Neoplasias , Anorexia/terapia , Caquexia , Humanos , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Neoplasias/terapia , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Bevacizumab (BVZ) is a recombinant humanized antibody that inhibits the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and is used for the treatment of various types of cancer. BVZ is primarily given by the intravenous drip (I.V.), which often leads to low efficacy and various side effects. Therefore, the present study was to evaluate the effect of local delivery of BVZ against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) xenograft tumors. METHODS: Mice 4T1 TNBC cells were engrafted in female BALB/c mice. After the tumors reached about 5 mm (diameter), animals were treated with BVZ through the local injection from four directions around the tumors. The tumor growth, survival and potential mechanisms of action were evaluated. RESULTS: The growth and microvessel density of engrafted tumors were dramatically reduced with the tumor inhibition rate of 32.8 ± 3%. No obvious side effects were observed. The expression of VEGFA, VEGF receptor (VEGFR), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) and Integrin-5 was significantly reduced in TNBC tumor tissues. In contrast, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 was significantly upregulated in xenograft tumors. Additionally, local delivery of BVZ led to the reduction of VEGFA and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in the serum. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed that the proteins altered by the local delivery of BVZ were associated with angiogenesis and regulation of cell migration. CONCLUSION: This study provided evidence associated with local delivery of BVZ against TNBC tumors supporting the use of BVZ local injections to overcome some of the disadvantages associated with I.V. therapy with BVZ.
Asunto(s)
Bevacizumab/farmacología , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Inyecciones , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate right ventricular (RV) regional systolic function and dyssynchrony in patients with newly diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea using real-time three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography. METHODS: Eighty-two subjects without hypertension, diabetes mellitus or any cardiac or pulmonary disease referred for evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) had overnight polysomnography and complete echocardiographic assessment. According to the apnea hypopnea index (AHI), subjects were divided into four groups: group 1: control subjects (AHI < 5, n = 19), group 2: patients with mild OSA (AHI: 5-14, n = 21), group 3: moderate OSA (AHI: 15-30, n = 18), group 4: severe OSA (AHI > 30, n = 24). Real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic images were acquired to obtain RV regional (inflow, body and outflow) ejection fraction (EF) and time to minimum systolic volume in all subjects. RESULTS: Body weight and body mass index were greater in the severe and moderate OSA group than those of mild and controls group (P < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in mean SaO2 and the lowest SaO2 in severe OSA when compared to other groups (P < 0.001). Inflow EF and global EF were significantly lower in moderate and severe OSA patients than in controls (P < 0.05). Inflow EF and global EF were negatively correlated with AHI (r = -0.534 and r = -0.479, respectively, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with OSA, RV inflow and global systolic function were impaired and were in inverse relationship with AHI. Evaluation of RV regional systolic function using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography may play a potential role in the noninvasive assessment of the severity of OSA.
Asunto(s)
Ecocardiografía Tridimensional/métodos , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/diagnóstico por imagen , Volumen Sistólico/fisiología , Disfunción Ventricular Derecha/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Anciano , Determinación de la Presión Sanguínea/métodos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polisomnografía/instrumentación , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/complicaciones , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/fisiopatología , Sístole , Disfunción Ventricular Derecha/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study was to evaluate the subclinical left-ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction with 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with normal left ventricular ejection fraction and without any confounding disease that can cause myocardial dysfunction. METHODS: Nineteen healthy individuals and 60 subjects with OSA were included in this study. According to the severity of disease, OSA subjects were examined in 3 groups: mild, moderate, and severe OSA. LV apical views (for longitudinal strain) and short-axis views (for circumferential strain) were acquired for evaluation. Three-layer longitudinal strain values and circumferential strain values were determined for each view, and averages of these were used in comparison with other groups. RESULTS: Three-layer longitudinal strain values of the subjects with OSA were lower than those of the healthy individuals, and these values were decreased along with the OSA severity. The difference was significant between severe OSA and all other groups. Three-layer circumferential strain values of the OSA subjects were lower than those of the healthy individuals, and the difference was significant between the control group and all other groups. The apnea hypopnea index was found to be correlated with the 3-layer longitudinal strain (r = -0.74, P < .001; r = -0.72, P < .001; r = -0.69, P = <.001). CONCLUSIONS: Three-layer longitudinal and circumferential LV systolic functions in OSA subjects with normal left ventricular ejection fraction are deteriorated in the subclinical stage. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography can be used as an effective method in the determination of subclinical myocardial dysfunction in subjects with OSA.
Asunto(s)
Ecocardiografía/métodos , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/complicaciones , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/fisiopatología , Volumen Sistólico , Sístole , Disfunción Ventricular Izquierda/etiología , Función Ventricular IzquierdaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of solitary myeloid sarcoma (MS). METHODS: The clinical data of 14 solitary MS patients were retrospectively analysed, including their clinical features and treatment, and were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 14 cases of solitary MS mainly occurred in middle-aged population with the median age 41 years old (17-62 years old). The involved sites were more extensive, including breast, testis, spinal canal, skin, gastrointestinal system, nose and so on. The poorly differentiated cells of small to medium size showed diffuse distribution, relatively consistent morphology and a higher ratio of cytoplasm. The nucleus is in round or oval shape with fine and dense chromatin. Pathological mitosis was easily observed. Expression of MPO, lysozyme, CD43, myeloid-derived cells were positive. Treatment methods included surgery, chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. Median survival time of 14 patients was 22.5 months; overall survival (OS) was 35.7% (5/14), median disease-free survival reached to 10.4 months on averge (3.5 months to 16 months), and 2-year overall survival (OS) was 50.3%. CONCLUSION: The incidence of solitary MS is low, with a tendency progressing to leukemia, the chemotherapy regimen of anthracycline+cytarabine combined with radiotherapy can achieve better clinical efficacy.
Asunto(s)
Sarcoma Mieloide , Adolescente , Adulto , Citarabina , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Trasplante de Células Madre , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of c-Myc in mesenchymal stromal cell-mediated drug resistance and elucidate the molecular mechanism of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from the version of tumor microenvironment. METHODS: AML cell lines U937 and KG1a were co-cultured with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) from bone marrow of healthy donors between January to March 2012. The AML cell lines plated alone was cultured as controls. Apoptosis induced by mitoxantrone was measured by flow cytometry and Annexin V/PI double and 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. And c-Myc protein was detected by Western blot under both culturing conditions. After a pre-treatment of c-Myc inhibitor 10058-F4, the apoptosis of AML cell was also evaluated. RESULTS: Apoptosis of AML cells (U937 and KG1a) significantly decreased during co-culturing with MSC (9.88% ± 1.53% vs 42.83% ± 2.03%, P = 0.004;20.60% ± 2.87% vs 42.53% ± 5.29%, P = 0.030). Drug resistance was implicated. The co-culturing of AML cells with MSC significantly induced an up-regulation of c-Myc. The inhibition of c-Myc with 10058-F4 could induce apoptosis of AML cells. After an addition of 10058-F4 into the co-culture system, the apoptotic rate of KG1a cells significantly increased from 23.87% ± 1.55% to 57.23% ± 3.88% (P = 0.009). Similarly the apoptotic rates spiked from 16.07% ± 2.11% to 53.47% ± 4.08% in U937 cells (P = 0.004) to overcome the stromal cell-mediated drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS: The co-culturing of AML cells and MSC induces an up-regulation of c-Myc protein so as to cause the emergence of chemoresistance. Therefore targeting c-Myc protein may provide a novel therapeutic strategy of AML.
Asunto(s)
Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-myc/metabolismo , Adulto , Apoptosis , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of SHP-1 promoter methylation on the pathogenesis and progression in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and its related mechanism. METHODS: 63 MDS patients were divided into low-grade (LG) group and high-grade (HG) group according to IPSS score system. Bone marrow samples were collected. Methylation specific-PCR (MSP) were used to detect the status of SHP-1 promoter methylation in bone marrow (BM) samples from different risk MDS patients and MDS cell line, SKK-1. Western blot was used to detect signal transduction and activator of transcription (STAT3) activation in SKK-1 cell line and MDS patients. RESULTS: No SHP-1 promoter methylation could be detected in healthy controls BM. Partially methylation was found in SKK-1 cell line. Methylation rate of SHP-1 gene promoter was found in BM of 24.2% of low-grade MDS patients and 63.3% of high-grade MDS patients, the difference between these two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05); Patients were divided into different groups according to WHO subtype, chromosomal karyotype and blast cells in bone marrow, methylation rates of SHP-1 were significantly higher in RAEB-II, poor karyotype group and samples with 0.11-0.19 blast cells (P < 0.05); The phosphorylation protein of STAT3 was detected in SKK-1 cell line. The expression of phosphorylation STAT3 was significantly higher in HG group than in LG group (66.7% vs 18.2%) (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between SHP-1 promoter methylation and STAT3 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: Abnormal methylation of SHP-1 gene promoter might have tentative role in the pathogenesis and progression of MDS, which may be involved in STAT3 activation. Detection of SHP-1 promoter methylation may be helpful to evaluate the prognosis of MDS.
Asunto(s)
Metilación de ADN , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/metabolismo , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatasa no Receptora Tipo 6/genética , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatasa no Receptora Tipo 6/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Adulto JovenAsunto(s)
Neoplasias Intestinales , Sarcoma Mieloide , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Human monoclonal anti-Her2/neu antibody (herceptin, also named trastuzumab) failed in the treatment of lung cancer when in combination with two chemotherapy agents gemcitabine and cisplatin, despite of its clinical benefit in women with Her2 positive breast cancer. The capacity of herceptin to activate human complement and complement-dependent cytotoxicity against tumor cells was investigated in a study of tumor immunotherapy. We found that the expression of membrane complement regulatory proteins (mCRPs), CD55 and CD59 on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells was closely correlated with histological types, prognosis and preoperational adjutant chemotherapy of the disease. Herceptin-mediated complement cytotoxicity to two human lung carcinoma cell lines exerted stronger killing effect on tumor cells after the neutralization of mCPRs via their antibodies. Furthermore, treatment of herceptin combined with chemo-agents had advantages over chemotherapy alone, while CD55 and CD59 expression levels both declined remarkably in A549 and H157 cell lines after incubation with IC50 cisplatin for 72 h. Our data indicated that overexpression of mCRPs on tumor cells contributes to herceptin's acquisition of resistance to NSCLC, and its anticancer efficacy was enhanced when mCRPs were neutralized or cisplatin could be used to down-regulate their expression.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacología , Antígenos CD55/inmunología , Antígenos CD59/inmunología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Activación de Complemento/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/inmunología , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Anciano , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/farmacología , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/inmunología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/inmunología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cisplatino/farmacología , Femenino , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Neoplasias Pulmonares/inmunología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Tiempo , Trastuzumab , Escape del Tumor/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of different palatoplasty timing on the dental arch relationship between upper and lower jaws by a retrospective study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 103 UCLP consecutive cases over 10 years of age were followed up after operation, which were divided into three groups according to the age of operation, group A: < or = 3.0-years-old, group B: < or = 6.0-years-old and group C: > 6.0-years-old above. Maxilla and mandible plaster casts were taken for each patient. Goslon Yardstick system was used for assessing the dental arch relationships between upper and lower jaws.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Goslon Yardstick assessing results showed that there was no significant difference between group A and group B (P>0.05), there was significant difference between group C and group A (P<0.05), and C was no significant difference between group B and group C (P=0.095).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Six-years-old was a boundary line on considering the influence of cleft palate operation age on the maxillary development. The Yardstick mean value became smaller along with increase of operation age.</p>