RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effects of an adhesive bone conduction device (aBCD) in children with congenital single-sided deafness (SSD). Specifically, we examined whether the aBCD elicits improvement in the speech perception ability of children with congenital SSD and whether using this device would adversely affect the horizontal localisation abilities of these children. METHODS: Thirteen school-aged children with SSD and seven children with Normal Hearing (NH) were included in this study. Speech perception in noise was measured using the Mandarin Speech Test Materials and sound localisation performance was evaluated using broadband noise stimuli (0.5-20â¯kHz), randomly played from seven loudspeakers at different stimulus levels (65-, 70-, and 75-dB SPL). RESULTS: All children with SSD showed inferior speech perception and sound localisation performance compared with children with NH. The aBCD use remarkably improved the speech perception abilities of these children under quiet and noise conditions; however, their sound localisation abilities neither improved nor deteriorated. CONCLUSION: This study reveals the effectiveness and safety of a non-surgical aBCD in paediatric patients with SSD. Our results provide a theoretical basis for early hearing intervention with an aBCD in children with congenital SSD who are temporarily unable to undergo ear surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3.
Asunto(s)
Conducción Ósea , Audífonos , Pérdida Auditiva Unilateral , Localización de Sonidos , Percepción del Habla , Humanos , Niño , Conducción Ósea/fisiología , Masculino , Percepción del Habla/fisiología , Femenino , Pérdida Auditiva Unilateral/fisiopatología , Pérdida Auditiva Unilateral/rehabilitación , Pérdida Auditiva Unilateral/congénito , Localización de Sonidos/fisiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Resultado del Tratamiento , AdolescenteRESUMEN
Abstract Introduction Eosinophilic otitis media is an intractable otitis media and a fairly common middle ear disease. However, the pathogenesis of eosinophilic otitis media is obscure. Objective To observe the pathological and ultrastructural changes of the Eustachian tube mucosal epithelium in rats with eosinophilic otitis media and further explore the pathogenesis of eosinophilic otitis media. Methods Animals were intraperitoneally injected with 2000 mg ovalbumin and 100 mg aluminum hydroxide (alum) on day 0, followed by 100 mg ovalbumin and 100 mg alum injection on days 7 and 14. Next they were topically boosted by daily application of 100 mg ovalbumin solution via nasal drip and intratympanic injection of 0.1 mL ovalbumin (1000 mg/mL) in the right ear (group A, n = 80) and 0.1 mL saline in the left ear as control (group B, n = 80) starting on day 21 and continuing for 14 days. The temporal bones were dissected on the 35th, 38th, 41st and 43rd day separately under anesthesia. Scanning electron microscopy, hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue staining were used to observe the pathological and morphological changes of Eustachian tube mucosa stained samples. Moreover, inflammatory cells and cilia were counted. Results The epithelium of the Eustachian tube in group A was swollen and thickened. The cilia were arranged in a disorderly manner and partially detached. Eosinophils infiltrated the submucosal layer of the Eustachian tube, and their number increased significantly compared with that in group B (p< 0.05). Simultaneously, mast cell degranulation was observed in group A. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the cilia were lodged and gathered along the whole length of Eustachian tube in group A. Ciliated cell density was significantly lower than that in Group B (p< 0.01). Conclusion In the eosinophilic otitis media model, allergy caused significant changes in pathology and morphology of the Eustachian tube mucosa, affecting the normal function of the Eustachian tube which played an important role in the occurrence and development of eosinophilic otitis media.
Resumo Introdução A otite média eosinofílica é uma doença relativamente comum de orelha média; entretanto, sua patogênese é ainda obscura, assim como o tratamento. Objetivo Observar as alterações histopatológicas e ultraestruturais do epitélio da mucosa da tuba auditiva em ratos com otite média eosinofílica e investigar a sua patogênese. Método Os animais foram injetados intraperitonealmente com 2.000 mg de ovalbumina e 100 mg de hidróxido de alumínio (alúmen) no dia 0, seguido por 100 mg de ovalbumina e 100 mg de injeção de alúmen nos dias 7 e 14. Em seguida, receberam um reforço tópico através de uma aplicação diária de 100 mg da solução por gotejamento nasal e injeção intratimpânica de 0,1 mL de ovalbumina (1000 mg/mL) na orelha direita (grupo A, n = 80) e 0,1 mL de solução salina na orelha esquerda como controle (grupo B, n = 80), começou no dia 21 e continuou por 14 dias. Os ossos temporais foram dissecados nos dias 35, 38, 41 e 43 separadamente sob anestesia. Foram usadas microscopia eletrônica de varredura e coloração com hematoxilina-eosina e azul de toluidina para observar as alterações histopatológicas e morfológicas das amostras coradas de mucosa da tuba auditiva. Além disso, células inflamatórias e cílios foram contados. Resultados O epitélio da tuba auditiva no grupo A estava edematoso e espessado. Os cílios estavam dispostos de forma desordenada e parcialmente destacados. Os eosinófilos infiltraram a camada submucosa da tuba auditiva e seu número aumentou significantemente em comparação ao grupo B (p < 0,05). Simultaneamente, degranulação dos mastócitos foi observado no grupo A. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostrou que os cílios estavam depositados e reunidos ao longo de todo o comprimento da tuba auditiva no grupo A. A densidade das células ciliadas foi significantemente menor do que no grupo B (p < 0,01). Conclusão No modelo de otite média eosinofílica, a alergia causou alterações significativas à histopatologia e na morfologia da mucosa da tuba auditiva, afetou a função normal dela, o que desempenhou um papel importante na ocorrência e no desenvolvimento da otite média eosinofílica.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Eosinophilic otitis media is an intractable otitis media and a fairly common middle ear disease. However, the pathogenesis of eosinophilic otitis media is obscure. OBJECTIVE: To observe the pathological and ultrastructural changes of the Eustachian tube mucosal epithelium in rats with eosinophilic otitis media and further explore the pathogenesis of eosinophilic otitis media. METHODS: Animals were intraperitoneally injected with 2000â¯mg ovalbumin and 100â¯mg aluminum hydroxide (alum) on day 0, followed by 100â¯mg ovalbumin and 100â¯mg alum injection on days 7 and 14. Next they were topically boosted by daily application of 100â¯mg ovalbumin solution via nasal drip and intratympanic injection of 0.1â¯mL ovalbumin (1000â¯mg/mL) in the right ear (group A, nâ¯=â¯80) and 0.1â¯mL saline in the left ear as control (group B, nâ¯=â¯80) starting on day 21 and continuing for 14 days. The temporal bones were dissected on the 35th, 38th, 41st and 43rd day separately under anesthesia. Scanning electron microscopy, hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue staining were used to observe the pathological and morphological changes of Eustachian tube mucosa stained samples. Moreover, inflammatory cells and cilia were counted. RESULTS: The epithelium of the Eustachian tube in group A was swollen and thickened. The cilia were arranged in a disorderly manner and partially detached. Eosinophils infiltrated the submucosal layer of the Eustachian tube, and their number increased significantly compared with that in group B (pâ¯<â¯0.05). Simultaneously, mast cell degranulation was observed in group A. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the cilia were lodged and gathered along the whole length of Eustachian tube in group A. Ciliated cell density was significantly lower than that in Group B (pâ¯<â¯0.01). CONCLUSION: In the eosinophilic otitis media model, allergy caused significant changes in pathology and morphology of the Eustachian tube mucosa, affecting the normal function of the Eustachian tube which played an important role in the occurrence and development of eosinophilic otitis media.