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Abstract Introduction: Vocal fold polyp is a benign proliferative disease in the superficial lamina propria of the vocal fold, and vocal microsurgery can improve the voice quality of patients with vocal fold polyp. In preliminary studies, we found that vocal training could improve the vocal quality of patients with early vocal fold polyp. Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacies of vocal training and vocal microsurgery in patients with early vocal fold polyp. Methods: A total of 38 patients with early vocal fold polyp underwent 3 months of vocal training (VT group); another 31 patients with early vocal fold polyp underwent vocal microsurgery (VM group). All subjects were assessed using laryngostroboscopy, voice handicap index, and dysphonia severity index, and the efficacies of vocal training and vocal microsurgery were compared. Results: The cure rates of vocal training and vocal microsurgery were 31.6% (12/38) and 100% (31/31), respectively. The intragroup paired-sample t-test showed that the post treatment vocal handicap index, maximum phonation time, highest frequency (F0-high), lowest intensity (I-low), and dysphonia severity index in both the VT and VM groups were better than those before treatment, except for the jitter value. The intergroup independent-sample t-test revealed that the emotional values of vocal handicap index (t = − 2.22, p = 0.03), maximum phonation time (t = 2.54, p = 0.013), jitter (t = − 2.11, p = 0.03), and dysphonia severity index (t = 3.24, p = 0.002) in the VT group were better than those in the VM group. Conclusions: Both, vocal training and vocal microsurgery could improve the voice quality of patients with early vocal fold polyp, and these methods present different advantages.

Resumo Introdução: O pólipo de prega vocal é uma doença proliferativa benigna da camada superficial da lâmina própria da prega vocal e a microfonocirurgia pode melhorar a qualidade vocal desses pacientes. Em estudos preliminares, observamos que o treinamento vocal era capaz de melhorar a qualidade vocal de pacientes com pólipo incipiente de prega vocal. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a eficiência entre treinamento vocal e microfonocirurgia em pacientes com pólipo incipiente de prega vocal. Método: Um total de 38 pacientes com pólipo incipiente de prega vocal foram submetidos a três meses de treinamento vocal (grupo TV); outros 31 pacientes foram submetidos à microfonocirurgia (grupo MC). Todos os indivíduos foram avaliados por meio de laringoestroboscopia, índice de desvantagem vocal e índice de severidade da disfonia e a eficácia entre treinamento vocal e microfonocirurgia foi comparada. Resultados: As taxas de cura do treinamento vocal e da microfonocirurgia foram de 31,6% (12/38) e 100% (31/31), respectivamente. O teste t para amostras pareadas intragrupo mostrou que o índice de desvantagem vocal pós-tratamento, tempo máximo de fonação, frequência máxima, intensidade mínima e índice de severidade da disfonia nos grupos TV e MC foram melhores do que aqueles antes do tratamento, exceto pelo valor do jitter. O teste t para amostras independentes intergrupos revelou que o valor emocional do índice de desvantagem vocal (t = -2,22, p = 0,03), tempo máximo de fonação (t = 2,54, p = 0,013), jitter (t = -2,11, p = 0,03) e índice de severidade da disfonia (t = 3,24, p = 0,002) no grupo TV foram melhores do que os do grupo MC. Conclusões: Tanto o treinamento vocal quanto a microfonocirurgia podem melhorar a qualidade da voz de pacientes com pólipo incipiente de prega vocal e esses métodos apresentam diferentes vantagens.

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This study aims to compare the knee morphological difference between Han and Mongolian Chinese in China. This will improve the knee prostheses design. A total of 37 natural knees of Han Chinese (13 males, 9 females) and Mongolian Chinese (8 males, 7 females) were measured used Mimics medical imaging program, and the parameters included fML (the femoral mediolateral length), fLAP (the femoral lateral condyle anteroposterior length), fMAP (the femoral medial condyle anteroposteriorlength), tML (The tibial mediolateral length ) , tLAP (The tibial lateral anteroposteriorlength) and tMAP (the tibial medial anteroposterior length), The aspect ratio (defined as fML/fAP and tML/tAP;). The sizes of femur and tibia of the males were larger than those of the female for Han Chinese (fML, fLAP and fMAP) mean ± standard deviation: 84.57 ± 4.70 vs.76.52 ± 3.56, 65.75 ± 2.70 vs. 60.53 ± 3.81 and 67.10 ± 3.67vs. 62.1 2± 3.55; tML, tLAP and tMAP: 74.68 ± 4.27 vs. 65.82 ± 3.51 , 36.13 ± 2.96 vs. 31.12 ± 2.91 and 44.54 ± 3.02 vs. 40.11 ± 3.80 and Mongolian Chinese (fML, fLAP and fMAP) : 88.20 ± 4.57 vs. 77.92 ± 2.97, 68.82 ± 4.22 vs. 61.31 ± 1.92 and 69.81 ± 3.53 vs. 62.13 ± 1.63; tML, tLAP and tMAP: 78.00 ± 3.80 vs. 66.71 ± 3.52, 40.17 ± 3.09 vs. 32.91 ± 1.68 and 48.65 ± 3.00 vs. 41.97 ± 2.48). The aspect ratio of the knee in Mongolian Chinese was smaller than those of Han Chinese (fML/fAP:1.28±0.04 vs.1.29±0.03 for males;1.27±0.04 vs.1.27±0.05; tML/tAP: 1.60±0.04 vs. 1.68±0.10 for the males, 1.59±0.13 vs. 1.65±0.10 for the females). The effects of nationality and sex on the size and shape of knee were significant (p<0.05). The results suggest that an anatomic matched knee prosthesis should be taken into account different nationalities even in the same race.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo comparar la diferencia morfológica de rodilla entre los chinos Han y los Mongoles en China. Esto mejorará el diseño de las prótesis de rodilla. Un total de 37 rodillas de chinos Han (13 hombres, 9 mujeres) y Mongoles (8 hombres 7 mujeres) se midieron utilizando el programa de imágenes médicas Mimics, y los parámetros incluyeron fML (la longitud mediolateral femoral), fLAP (la longitud anteroposterior del cóndilo lateral del fémur), fMAP (la longitud anteroposterior del cóndilo medial del fémur), tML (la longitud mediolateral de la tibia), tLAP (la longitud anteroposterior lateral de la tibia) y tMAP (la longitud anteroposterior media de la tibia), la relación de aspecto (definida como fML / fAP y tML / tAP;). Los tamaños de fémur y tibia de los hombres fueron mayores que los de las mujeres para los chinos Han (fML, fLAP y fMAP) [media ± desviación estándar: 84,57±4,70 vs. 76,52±3,56, 65,75±2,70 vs. 60,53±3,81 y 67,10±3,67 vs. 62,12±3,55; tML, tLAP y tMAP: 74,68±4,27 vs. 65,82±3,51, 36,13±2,96 vs. 31,12±2,91 y 44,54±3,02 vs. 40,11±3,80 y Chino Mongol (fML, fLAP y fMAP): 88,20±4,57 vs. 77,92±2,97, 68,82±4,22 vs. 61,31±1,92 y 69,81±3,53 vs. 62,13±1,63; tML, tLAP y tMAP: 78,00±3,80 vs. 6671±3,52, 40,17±3,09 vs. 32,91±1,68 y 48,65±3,00 vs. 41,97±2,48]. La relación de aspecto de la rodilla del Chino Mongol fue menor que la de los chinos Han (fML / fAP: 1,28±0,04 vs.1,29±0,03 para los hombres; 1,27±0,04 vs. 1,27±0,05; tML / tAP: 1,60±0,04 vs. 1,68±0,10 para los hombres, 1,59±0,13 vs. 1,65±0,10 para las mujeres). Los efectos de la nacionalidad y el sexo en el tamaño y la forma de la rodilla fueron significativos (p <0,05). Los resultados sugieren que una prótesis anatómica de rodilla emparejada debe tenerse en cuenta en las diferentes nacionalidades, incluso en la misma raza.

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INTRODUCTION: Vocal fold polyp is a benign proliferative disease in the superficial lamina propria of the vocal fold, and vocal microsurgery can improve the voice quality of patients with vocal fold polyp. In preliminary studies, we found that vocal training could improve the vocal quality of patients with early vocal fold polyp. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the efficacies of vocal training and vocal microsurgery in patients with early vocal fold polyp. METHODS: A total of 38 patients with early vocal fold polyp underwent 3 months of vocal training (VT group); another 31 patients with early vocal fold polyp underwent vocal microsurgery (VM group). All subjects were assessed using laryngostroboscopy, voice handicap index, and dysphonia severity index, and the efficacies of vocal training and vocal microsurgery were compared. RESULTS: The cure rates of vocal training and vocal microsurgery were 31.6% (12/38) and 100% (31/31), respectively. The intragroup paired-sample t-test showed that the post treatment vocal handicap index, maximum phonation time, highest frequency (F0-high), lowest intensity (I-low), and dysphonia severity index in both the VT and VM groups were better than those before treatment, except for the jitter value. The intergroup independent-sample t-test revealed that the emotional values of vocal handicap index (t=-2.22, p=0.03), maximum phonation time (t=2.54, p=0.013), jitter (t=-2.11, p=0.03), and dysphonia severity index (t=3.24, p=0.002) in the VT group were better than those in the VM group. CONCLUSIONS: Both, vocal training and vocal microsurgery could improve the voice quality of patients with early vocal fold polyp, and these methods present different advantages.

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ABSTRACT Gentiana veitchiorum Hemsl., Gentianaceae, a traditional Tibetan medicine, was used for the treatment of liver jaundice with damp-heat pathogen, as well as for headache and chronic pharyngitis. A rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography, photodiode array detector, quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was developed for the fast and accurate identification and quantification of the chemical constituents of G. veitchiorum. In fact, eighteen compounds were detected and identified on the basis of their mass spectra, fragment characteristics and comparison with published data. Especially, the MS fragmentation pathways of iridoid glycosides and flavone C-glycosides were illustrated. Five compounds among them were quantified by UHPLC-PDA, including swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, sweroside, isoorientin, and isovitexin. The proposed method was then validated based on the analyses of linearity, accuracy, precision, and recovery. The overall recoveries for the five analytes ranged from 96.54% to 100.81%, with RSD from 1.05% to 1.82%. In addition, ten batches of G. veitchiorum from different areas were also analyzed. The developed method was rapid and reliable for both identification and quantification of the chemical constituents of G. veitchiorum, especially for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of iridoid glycosides and flavone C-glycosides.