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The development of Pickering emulsions which are applicable to the food industry still remains challenges due to the limited availability for biocompatible, edible and natural emulsifiers. The purpose of this study was to extract cellulose nanocrystals from litchi peels (LP-CNCs), and evaluate their emulsifying properties. The results showed that the LP-CNCs were needle-like and they possessed high crystallinity (72.34 %) and aspect ratio. When the concentrations of LP-CNCs were >0.7 wt% or the contents of oil were no >0.5, stable Pickering emulsions were obtained. The microstructures of emulsions confirmed that LP-CNCs formed dense interfacial layers on the surface of oil droplets, which functioned as barriers to prevent aggregation and flocculation among droplets. Rheological results showed that the emulsions exhibited typical shear thinning behavior. The elastic of emulsions was dominant, and their gel strength could be enhanced by regulating the contents of emulsifiers or oil. Additionally, the Pickering emulsions stabilized by LP-CNCs showed extremely high pH, ionic strength, and temperature tolerance. This strategy provides an innovative alternative to tackle the dilemma of preparing highly stable Pickering emulsions using natural particles in food products.

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Folic acid (FA) is a ligand that has been renowned for its strong binding to FA receptor (FR), and the robustness of the specific interaction has led to the generation of multitudinous tumor-targeted nano-drug delivery systems. However, selecting the appropriate FA targeted nano-drugs according to types of cancerous cells to achieve a high effect is critical. Understanding of how the drug is transported through the cell membrane and is delivered intracellularly is very important in screening ideal targeted nano-drugs for cancerous changes in different organs. Herein, by using a force tracing technique based on atomic force microscopy (AFM), the dynamic process of FA-polyamidoamine-Doxorubicin (FA-PAMAM-DOX) entry into different tumor cells (HeLa and A549) and normal cells (Vero) was monitored in real time. The cell membrane transport efficacy of FA-PAMAM-DOX in tumor cells with an FR high overexpression level (HeLa) and FR low overexpression level (A549) is analyzed, which is significantly higher than that in normal cells (Vero), especially for HeLa cells. Subsequently, the intracellular delivery efficiency of FA-PAMAM-DOX in different cell lines was measured by using fluorescence imaging and AFM-based nanoindentation techniques. This report will help to discover the cellular transport mechanism of nano-drugs and screen out optimal therapeutic nano-drugs for different types of tumors.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological recovery effects of olfactory, visual and olfactory-visual stimuli associated with garden plants. In a randomized controlled study design, ninety-five Chinese university students were randomly selected to be exposed to stimulus materials, namely the odor of Osmanthus fragrans and a corresponding panoramic image of a landscape featuring the plant. Physiological indexes were measured by the VISHEEW multiparameter biofeedback instrument and a NeuroSky EEG tester in a virtual simulation laboratory. The results showed the following: (1) In the olfactory stimulation group, from before to during exposure to the stimuli, the subjects' diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (ΔDBP = 4.37 ± 1.69 mmHg, p < 0.05) and pulse pressure (PP) values increased (ΔPP = -4.56 ± 1.24 mmHg, p < 0.05), while their pulse (p) values decreased (ΔP = -2.34 ± 1.16 bmp, p < 0.05) significantly. When compared to the control group, only the amplitudes of α and ß brainwaves increased significantly (Δα = 0.37 ± 2.09 µV, Δß = 0.34 ± 1.01 µV, p < 0.05). (2) In the visual stimulation group, the amplitudes of skin conductance (SC) (ΔSC = 0.19 ± 0.01 µΩ, p < 0.05), α brainwaves (Δα = 6.2 ± 2.26 µV, p < 0.05) and ß brainwaves (Δß = 5.51 ± 1.7 µV, p < 0.05) all increased significantly relative to the control group. (3) In the olfactory-visual stimulus group, DBP (ΔDBP = 3.26 ± 0.45 mmHg, p < 0.05) values increased, and PP values decreased (ΔPP = -3.48 ± 0.33 bmp, p < 0.05) significantly from before to during exposure to the stimuli. The amplitudes of SC (ΔSC = 0.45 ± 0.34 µΩ, p < 0.05), α brainwaves (Δα = 2.28 ± 1.74 µV, p < 0.05) and ß brainwaves (Δß = 1.4 ± 0.52 µV, p < 0.05) all increased significantly relative to the control group. The results of this study show that the interaction of olfactory and visual stimuli associated with a garden plant odor landscape was able to relax and refresh the body to a certain extent, and this physiological health effect was greater with regards to the integrated response of the autonomic nervous system and central nervous system than the effect of only smelling or viewing the stimuli. In the planning and designing of plant smellscapes in garden green space, it should be ensured that plant odors and corresponding landscapes are present at the same time in order to ensure the best health effect.

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Transferrin (Tf) has been effectively used to promote the cellular uptake of HAIYPRH (T7) peptide-conjugated nano-drugs. In this study, the enhancing effect of Tf on T7-decorated nano-drug transport was investigated using force tracing and nano-indentation techniques at a single-particle/cell level. Furthermore, the results were confirmed by ensemble fluorescence imaging.

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A World Heritage Site is a masterpiece of mankind and/or nature that possesses outstanding universal value (OUV). In this regard, the 5Cs strategic objectives (credibility, communication, capacity-building, conservation, and community) set by the World Heritage Committee have become a main issue for WHS sustainable development. As one of the key stakeholders of WHS, tourist's perceived OUV attractiveness, congestion, and attitudinal behavior have significant implications for heritage protection and tourism's sustainable development. Based on the perspectives of OUV attractiveness and perceived tourist crowding, and taking into account destination attachment, the influencing factors and mechanisms of tourist satisfaction are investigated. In view of the 536 questionnaire responses from tourists of Mount Sanqingshan National Park, the structural equation modeling approach was employed to study tourist satisfaction. The conclusions were sketched: (1) tourist crowding perception did not have a significant negative effect on OUV attractiveness; destination attachment, and tourist satisfaction, and the degree of crowding perception was low; (2) the OUV attractiveness has a significant positive influence on destination attachment and tourist satisfaction, which fully highlights the charm of OUV and its important role in shaping tourists' attitudes/behaviors; (3) destination attachment has a significant positive effect on tourist satisfaction, indicating that tourists' heritage-place attachment contributes to tourist satisfaction. Finally, the analysis of tourism crowding, OUV, and the satisfaction framework proposed broaden the horizons of visitor satisfaction research, which is also a positive response to the strategic objectives of the 5Cs of WHS, with some practical implications for heritage preservation and visitor management in World Heritage Sites.

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The interactions between cellulose nanocrystals and proteins can regulate the interfacial properties of Pickering emulsions, which plays a leading role in the stabilities of Pickering emulsions. In this work, oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsions with different oil-water ratios were prepared using peanut protein isolate modified by cellulose nanocrystals (PPI/CL-CNCs). The distributions of PPI/CL-CNCs at the oil-water interfaces and the microstructures of Pickering emulsions were observed by CLSM and cryo-SEM. The results showed that stable complexes PPI/CL-CNCs formed thick and dense interface layers on the surface of oil droplets. The results of rheological tests clarified that the Pickering emulsions showed an elastic and gel texture, and their gel strength could be enhanced by regulating the oil-water ratios from 3:7 to 7:3. In addition, after one month of storage, the EI of all emulsions remained above 92 % with no obvious phase separation or demulsification. These results suggested that the PPI/CL-CNCs-stabilized Pickering emulsions showed good physical stabilities. The study on the rheological properties and physical stabilities of PPI/CL-CNCs-based Pickering emulsions provided novel insights on developing highly stable Pickering emulsions.

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Tourists have been attracted to world heritage sites (WHSs) by their Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). In view of the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework and the theory of attitude and behavior, by employing 563 tourist samples from Mount Sanqingshan National Park, and using structural equation modeling, we examine tourist behavioral intention for heritage conservation, and the following conclusions were drawn: (1) the S-O-R theory revealed the behavioral intentions of tourists to protect WHSs; (2) as a stimulus, tourists' value perception and destination attachment were positively affected by the OUV attractiveness, and their perceived value had a positive influence on heritage conservation, although the hypothesis of destination attachment to heritage conservation was not supported; (3) heritage-conservation education and knowledge positively influenced tourists' behavioral intentions towards heritage protection, and tourists' heritage protection attitude had a positive influence on their behavioral intention; and (4) a framework of the influence mechanism for tourists' heritage conservation based on the S-O-R theory was proposed, while tourists' cognitive and affective attitudes impacted on heritage protection intention which, in turn, further enhanced the tourists' perception of the OUV. Conclusively, the measures and implications were proposed for improving conservation and management of WHSs, in particular to achieve the sustainable development of the tourist industry and world heritage sites.

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Novel coronavirus pneumonia has had a significant impact on people's lives and psychological health. We developed a stage model to analyse the spatial and temporal distribution of public panic during the two waves of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We used tweets with geographic location data from the popular hashtag 'Lockdown Diary' recorded from 23 January to April 8, 2020, and 'Nanjing Outbreak' recorded from 21 July to 1 September 2021 on Weibo. Combining the lexicon-based sentiment analysis and the grounded theory approach, this panic model could explain people's panic and behavioural responses in different areas at different stages of the pandemic. Next, we used the latent Dirichlet allocation topic model to reconfirm the panic model. The results showed that public sentiments fluctuated strongly in the early stages; in this case, panic and prayers were the dominant sentiments. In terms of spatial distribution, public panic showed hierarchical and neighbourhood diffusion, with highly assertive expressions of sentiment at the outbreak sites, economically developed areas, and areas surrounding the outbreak. Most importantly, we considered that public panic was affected by the 17 specific topics extracted based on the perceived and actual distance of the pandemic, thus stimulating the process of panic from minimal, acute, and mild panic to perceived rationality. Consequently, the public's behavioural responses shifted from delayed, negative, and positive, to rational behavioural responses. This study presents a novel approach to explore public panic from both a time and space perspective and provides some suggestions in response to future pandemics.

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Owing to their structural and functional tunability, the preparation of multivariate metal-organic frameworks (MTV-MOFs) and investigation of their potential application has become a hot topic in fields of environment and energy. To achieve more adsorption and removal performance, a series of multivariate Zr-MOFs (TCPP@MOF-808s) were prepared via mixed-ligands strategy for the first time. The morphology, as well as adsorption and removal properties of TCPP@MOF-808s can be controlled by adjusting ratio of the linkers. 57%TCPP@MOF-808 could provide ideal appearance with excellent stability. By using 57%TCPP@MOF-808 as sorbent, a dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) was developed for extraction of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) including BPA, 17ß-E2, 17α-E2, E1, and HEX from environmental water prior to HPLC analysis. The pseudo-second-order model can describe the adsorption kinetic data well. Using Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacities of BPA, 17ß-E2, 17α-E2, and E1 were calculated as 94.34, 104.17, 109.89, and 121.95 mg·g-1, respectively. The LODs for the analysis of EDCs with HPLC-DAD by using 57%TCPP@MOF-808 as sorbent were achieved in the range of 0.01-0.03 ng·mL-1. The recoveries were obtained in the range of 74.63-98.00%. Enrichment factors were calculated in the range of 146-312. This work provides an effective strategy for design and preparation of multifunctional nanomaterials to improve their potential applications in the detection of environmental pollutants.

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A two-dimensional nitrogen-rich carbon nitrogen (C3N5) material was prepared via a facile high temperature thermal polymerization. For the first time, the C3N5 was used as fiber coating of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) to extract and preconcentrate polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) before gas chromatography (GC) analysis. The X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were performed to investigate structure, functional groups, thermal stability, bonding type, element composition, and atomic ratio of C3N5. The two-dimensional planar stacking structure was further verified by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Five PCBs including PCB-4, PCB-12, PCB-29, PCB-52 and PCB-101 were selected as targets to evaluate performance of SPME fiber. Under the optimal conditions, the method showed a good linear range from 0.01 to 1000 ng/mL with the correlation coefficients (R2) higher than 0.9990. Enrichment factors of the method were obtained from 2045 to 3080. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N = 3) and limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N = 10) were calculated as 0.0031-0.0111 ng/mL and 0.01-0.05 ng/mL, respectively. The precisions of intra-day and inter-day were obtained with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) at 1.5-6.6% and 0.8-6.9%, respectively. The fiber-to-fiber producibility was achieved with RSDs ranged from 3.5% to 11.4%. The method was applied to detect PCBs in river water and soil samples. The contents were calculated at 0.040-0.147 ng/mL in water and 0.520-3.218 ng/g in soil. The C3N5 as SPME fiber coating material may be applied to extract and preconcentrate other environmental pollutants which have similar chemical structures with PCBs.

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While protective measures in response to infectious diseases may reduce the freedom of tourists (regarding their behaviors), few studies have documented the effects of destination protective measures on the self-protective behaviors of tourists. By applying the protection motivation theory, this study examines the effects of perceived destination protective supports on the social distancing intentions of tourists during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results reveal significant relationships among perceived destination support, coping appraisal, threat appraisal, and the social distancing intentions of tourists. Moreover, two cognitive appraisals-toward the pandemic-partially mediate the relationship between perceived destination support and social distancing intention, and this mediational process is 'intervened' with by social norms. This has implications on whether tourist destinations apply more rigorous social distancing polices during the COVID-19 pandemic, to enhance the coping confidence behaviors of tourists, without causing anxiety and fear, and to achieve the goal of enhancing tourists' intentions to protect themselves.

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Using MIL-101(Fe) as the source of carbon and Fe, a magnetic porous carbon (MPC) material with Fe3C nanoparticles encapsulated in porous carbon was prepared through one-pot pyrolysis under N2 atmosphere. With MPC as adsorption material, a stir bar sorptive-dispersive microextraction (SBSDME) method was proposed to extract and preconcentrate sulfonamides (SAs) prior to HPLC-DAD determination. To investigate their extraction ability, different MPC materials were prepared under different carbonization temperatures (600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C). The material prepared under 900 °C (MPC-900) exhibited the highest extraction ability for SAs. The as-prepared MPC materials were also characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, zeta potential, and other techniques. The main parameters that affect extraction were systematically studied. Under optimal conditions, favorable linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9938) and detection limits (0.02-0.04 ng mL-1) of sulfonamides were obtained. The average recoveries for spiked milk and lake water samples ranged from 76.9 to 109% and from 75.4 to 118% with RSDs of 3.10-9.63% and 1.71-11.3%, respectively. Sulfameter and sulfisoxazole were detected in milk sample. Sulfisoxazole was detected in the lake water sample. The MPC-900 material demonstrated excellent reusability. It can be reused 24 times with peak areas having no obvious decline. The method can be applied to extract ultra-trace compounds in complex sample matrices. Schematic presentation of a stir bar sorptive-dispersive microextraction (SBSDME) by using magnetic porous carbon (MPC) composites as sorbent combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for sensitive analysis of sulfonamides in milk and lake water samples.

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As a type of environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals, bisphenols (BPs) have a certain embryonic toxicity and teratogenicity, which can significantly increase the risks of breast cancer, prostate cancer, leukemia and other cancers. In this work, stable multivariate metal-organic frameworks (UiO-66-NH2/TCPPx) were synthesized via in situ one-pot method and used as miniaturized dispersive solid-phase extraction (dµSPE) sorbents for extraction of trace BPs from environmental samples. The phase purity, crystal morphology and physical properties of UiO-66-NH2/TCPPx samples were varied by adjusting the mass ratio of TCPP. The extraction performance of UiO-66-NH2/TCPPx samples were investigated and UiO-66-NH2/TCPP1.0 exhibited the highest adsorption efficiency. Besides, UiO-66-NH2/TCPP1.0 possessed excellent recycling stability for the adsorption and desorption of BPs more than 20 cycles. The experimental parameters including amount of adsorbent, adsorption time, sample solution pH, temperature, desorption time and desorption solvents which affecting the efficiency of dµSPE were studied, respectively. Good linearity (R2 > 0.9992) in range of 0.1-200 ng mL-1 was obtained. The detection limits (S/N = 3) and quantification limits (S/N = 10) were achieved at 0.03-0.08 ng mL-1 and 0.1-0.5 ng mL-1, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra-day and inter-day ranged from 2.5 to 5.5% and 1.1-6.8%. Enrichment factors were calculated in the range of 303-338. The obtained recoveries of bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol B (BPB) and bisphenol AF (BPAF) were 81.26-91.03% (RSDs = 0.96-6.47%), 82.2-97.27% (RSDs = 0.45-6.15%), 87.56-97.26% (RSDs = 1.1-6.22%) and 82.2-100.8% (RSDs = 0.46-4.07%). The UiO-66-NH2/TCPP1.0 can be employed as potential dµSPE sorbents for the enrichment of trace BPs in the environmental samples.

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Herein, a new gas-cycle-assisted (GCA) headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) device was designed to rapidly extract organic pollutants with high Kow and boiling points, which have difficulty in volatilization from matrix to headspace. Organic pollutants, including three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), four polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and five phthalate esters (PAEs), were selected to evaluate the performance of GCA HS-SPME. Compared with conventional HS-SPME, the equilibrium times of GCA HS-SPME for extraction of PAHs, PCBs, and PAEs were greatly shortened from 70-90 to 5-11 min. Moreover, the limits of detection for analysis of PAHs were achieved at pg mL-1 level by GCA HS-SPME coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection.

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Vesicular trafficking is an important dynamic process that facilitates intracellular transport of biological macromolecules and their release into the extracellular environment. However, little is known about whether or how plant viruses utilize intracellular vesicles to their advantage. Here, we report that southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) enters intracellular vesicles in epithelial cells of its insect vector by engaging VAMP7 and Vti1a proteins in the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex. The major outer capsid protein P10 of SRBSDV was shown to interact with VAMP7 and Vti1a of the white-backed planthopper and promote the fusion of vesicles into a large vesicle, which finally fused with the plasma membrane to release virions from midgut epithelial cells. Downregulation of the expression of either VAMP7 or Vti1a did not affect viral entry and accumulation in the gut, but significantly reduced viral accumulation in the haemolymph. It also did not affect virus acquisition, but significantly reduced the virus transmission efficiency to rice. Our data reveal a critical mechanism by which a plant reovirus hijacks the vesicle transport system to overcome the midgut escape barrier in vector insects and provide new insights into the role of the SNARE complex in viral transmission and the potential for developing novel strategies of viral disease control.

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The Al-doped mesoporous crystalline material-41 (Al-MCM-41) composite was prepared and applied as fiber coating material of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) for extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from human urine. Five PAHs including acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene are chosen as target analytes to evaluate the performance of the material by GC-FID analysis. The mesoporous Al-MCM-41 composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurement, and thermogravimetric analysis. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of HS-SPME were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the method exhibits ideal linearity for target analytes in the range of 0.3-600 ng⋅mL-1 with the coefficients (R2) equal or higher than 0.9906. The enrichment factors are calculated from 540 to 1760. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) are between the ranges of 0.06-0.18 and 0.3-0.9 ng⋅mL-1, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) (n = 5) of intra-day and inter-day are in the ranges of 1.08-7.49% and 2.84-18.3% respectively. The fiber-to-fiber reproducibility (n = 3) is in the range of 6.47-13.9%. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of PAHs in human urine with reasonable recoveries which is ranging from 73.29 to 116.1%.

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The monodispersed mesoporous SiO2@metal-organic framework (MSN@MIL-101(Fe)) composites were prepared by grafting MSN-NH2 onto MIL-101(Fe) particles with a solvothermal method. The adsorption ability of the composites was greatly improved compared to that of pristine MSNs or MIL-101(Fe) for phytohormones (Phys). The MSN@MIL-101(Fe) composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectrometer, and mapping analysis. Using MSN@MIL-101(Fe) composites as sorbent, a dispersive solid-phase extraction procedure (dSPE) was developed to extract three endogenous Phys (abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-aceticacid (IAA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)) and two exogenous Phys (1-naphthylacetic acid (1-NAA) and 2-naphthylacetic acid (2-NAA)) prior to HPLC-DAD analysis. The experimental parameters including sample volume, sorbent amount, adsorption time, adsorption pH, desorption time, and desorption solvent on extraction efficiency were optimized and evaluated. Under optimized conditions, the working range of 0.08 to 0.45 ng mL-1 with enrichment factors from 144 to 207 were achieved. The linear range is 0.75-200 ng mL-1 for IAA, 0.20-200 ng mL-1 for ABA, and 1.0-200 ng mL-1 for IBA, 1-NAA, and 2-NAA. With MSN@MIL-101(Fe) as sorbent for extraction of Phys and determination by HPLC-DAD, two endogenous Phys (IAA and ABA) were detected from mung bean sprouts which were made in a laboratory, and the results were further confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The composites can be applied to extract other small molecules, which have similar chemical structures with Phys in biological, environmental, and food samples. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of a dispersive solid-phase extraction using monodispersed mesoporous SiO2@metal-organic framework composites (MSNs@MIL-101(Fe)) as the sorbent for extraction, clean-up, and preconcentration of phytohormones in mung bean sprouts prior to HPLC-DAD analysis.

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Myocardial injury is a serious complication of sepsis. The present study aimed to identify potential biomarkers of sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in patients and mice with sepsis-induced myocardial injury were identified via bioinformatic analysis. The identified DEG was tested in elderly patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury. We identified 19 co-expressed DEGs. The most significant DEG was eotaxin-1/CCL11. We enrolled 25 controls without infections and 28 patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury. Six of patients died within 30 days. Circulating eotaxin-1/CCL11 levels were significantly higher in patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury than controls and were higher in non-survivors than survivors (both P < 0.01). Eotaxin-1/CCL11 was positively correlated with troponin I (r=0.48, P=0.01), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP, r=0.44, P=0.02), and white blood cell (WBC) count (r=0.41, P=0.03). For the prediction of 30-day mortality, eotaxin-1/CCL11 had the greatest discriminatory ability (AUC 0.97) compared with troponin I (AUC 0.89), BNP (AUC 0.80), and WBC count (AUC 0.86). Taken together, eotaxin-1/CCL11 was upregulated in sepsis-injured myocardium and circulating eotaxin-1/CCL11 was a biomarker for predicting severity and mortality of elderly patients with sepsis-induced myocardial injury. These results suggest that eotaxin-1/CCL11 may become a useful biomarkers and potential therapeutic target for sepsis-induced myocardial injury.

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Almost all insects harbor commensal bacteria in the alimentary canal lumen or within cells and often play a pivotal role in their host's development, evolution, and environmental adaptation. However, little is known about the alimentary canal microbiota and their functions in sap-sucking insect pests of crops, which can damage plants by removing plant sap and by transmitting various plant viruses, especially in the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus. In this study, we characterized the alimentary canal microbiota of L. striatellus collected from seven regions in China by sequencing 16S rDNA. The insects harbored a rich diversity of microbes, mainly consisted of bacteria from phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Tenericutes. The composition and abundance of microbiota were more similar as the geographic distance decreased between the populations and clustered by geographic location into three groups: temperate, subtropical, and tropical populations. Although the abundance and species of microbes differed among the populations, the various major microbes for each population performed similar functions based on a clusters of orthologous group analysis. Greater diversity in ecological factors in different regions might lead to higher microbial diversity, thus enabling L. striatellus to adapt or tolerate various extreme environments to avoid the cost of long-distance migration. Moreover, the abundance of various metabolic functions in the Kaifeng populations might contribute to higher fecundity in L. striatellus.