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Perchlorate and chlorate are ubiquitous pollutants that can adversely affect the thyroid function in humans. This study assessed the potential health risks associated with the dietary exposure of infants and young children to perchlorate and chlorate present in infant formulas available in Shanghai. The assessment was based on risk monitoring data from 150 samples of infant formulas in Shanghai between 2020 and 2022, along with the dietary consumption data of infants and young children. The detection rates of perchlorate and chlorate in infant formulas were 46.0% and 98.7%, with mean contents of 9.98 µg/kg and 112.01 µg/kg, and the maximum values of 151.00 µg/kg and 1475.00 µg/kg, respectively. The mean and 95th percentile (P 95) values of daily perchlorate exposure of 0-36-month-old infant and young children via infant formulas were 0.07 and 0.17 µg/kg body weight (bw) per day, respectively, which were lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of perchlorate (0.3 µg/kg bw per day). The mean and P 95 values of chlorate exposure via infant formulas in 0-36-month-old infants and young children were 0.83 and 1.89 µg/kg bw per day, which were lower than the TDI of chlorate (3 µg/kg bw per day). The P 95 exposure of different age groups (0-6 months, 7-12 months and 13-36 months) of infants and young children to perchlorate and chlorate in infant formulas was below the TDI. Therefore, the risk associated with the exposure of 0-36-month-old infants and young children to perchlorate and chlorate from infant formulas in Shanghai is considered acceptable. Prioritizing environmental pollution control efforts to reduce the levels of perchlorate and chlorate in food products is important to safeguard the health of the infants and children under the One Health concept.

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AIMS: To test the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Self-Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory on a sample of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China. BACKGROUND: Measuring the self-care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is vital to promote the performance of effective self-care behaviours. However, few instruments have been developed to measure self-care in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the existing instruments lack theoretical support and satisfactory psychometrics properties. The Self-Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory based on Middle-Range Theory of Self-Care of Chronic Illness has been developed and tested previously in Italian and US population. DESIGN: A cross-sectional instrument development study. METHODS: Construct validity was tested by confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis testing, and reliability internal consistency using factor score determinacy coefficients. RESULTS: A convenience sample of 185 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was recruited from September 2020 to January 2022. The instrument consists of three scales: self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring and self-care management. Confirmatory factor analysis performed on the three scales produced good fit indices. The internal consistency was adequate with factor score determinacy coefficients ranging from 0.891 to 0.953 in Self-Care Maintenance Scale, 0.990 to 0.993 in Self-Care Monitoring Scale and 0.750 to 0.976 in Self-Care Management Scale. CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese version of the Self-Care in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory has acceptable reliability and validity. Some differences from the original instrument were identified. Further validation studies should be conducted to confirm the psychometric properties of the instrument in Chinese population.

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BACKGROUND: Despite considerable efforts toward vaccine development in past decades, no effective vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are available. Recently, we showed that an optimized formalin concentration can preserve prefusion protein (pre-F) on RSV-infected cells and protect mice against RSV infection without causing enhanced respiratory disease (ERD). Here, we sought to further stabilize pre-F on RSV virions by optimizing the production of FI-RSV. METHODS: Freshly produced RSV virions were treated with formalin under different concentrations to obtained an opti-FI-RSV vaccine with high pre-F level. Immunogenicity and safety of opti-FI-RSV were evaluated in Balb/c mice and cotton rats. RESULTS: Using 0.0156-0.1778% formalin, we successfully preserved pre-F on virions. This opti-FI-RSV exhibited improved immunogenicity and efficacy without causing ERD. Surprisingly, opti-FI-RSV, with a pre-F-dominant immunogen, still caused ERD after immunization with a suboptimal dose or when the neutralizing antibody titers declined. ERD was avoided by coadministering opti-FI-RSV with CpG + MPLA adjuvant, which subsequently induced a Th1-biasing immune response and, more importantly, significantly improved antibody avidity. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides a new method to obtain a novel FI-RSV vaccine with a high pre-F level and may provide a reference for developing other inactivated vaccines. Our findings also emphasize that appropriate adjuvants are critical for nonreplicating vaccines.

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BACKGROUND: To date, there is no licensed vaccine available to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The valuable pre-fusion conformation of the fusion protein (pre-F) is prone to lose high neutralizing antigenic sites. The goals of this study were to stabilize pre-F protein by fixatives and try to find the possibility of developing an inactivated RSV vaccine. METHODS: The screen of the optimal fixative condition was performed with flow cytometry. BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly with different immunogens. The serum neutralizing antibody titers of immunized mice were determined by neutralization assay. The protection and safety of these immunogens were assessed. RESULTS: Fixation in an optimal concentration of formaldehyde (0.0244%-0.0977%) or paraformaldehyde (0.0625%-1%) was able to stabilize pre-F. Additionally, BALB/c mice inoculated with optimally stabilized pre-F protein (opti-fixed) induced a higher anti-RSV neutralization (9.7 log2, mean value of dilution rate) than those inoculated with unstable (unfixed, 8.91 log2, p < 0.01) or excessively fixed (exce-fixed, 7.28 log2, p < 0.01) pre-F protein. Furthermore, the opti-fixed immunogen did not induce enhanced RSV disease. CONCLUSIONS: Only the proper concentration of fixatives could stabilize pre-F and the optimal formaldehyde condition provides a potential reference for development of an inactivated RSV vaccine.

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A licensed vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has yet to be developed, and a reliable and repeatable neutralizing assay is indispensable for vaccine development. Here, we demonstrated an optimized high-throughput RSV neutralization assay that utilizes a fluorescence plate reader (reader) as a substitute for flow cytometry to detect fluorescent signals in RSV-A2 mKate-infected cells. Furthermore, this study tested the influence of virus input and infectivity on the neutralizing assay and highlighted critical factors (together with a suggested protocol) for obtaining stable data using this assay.

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OBJECTIVE: We compared the dose distributions of postoperative plans with preoperative plans for 3D printing template-assisted radioactive seed implantations. METHODS: A total of 14 patients with malignant tumors enrolled in the study. The dose parameters included D90, minimum peripheral dose, V100, V150, and V200. The statistical method was the paired t-test. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in P values between the two groups for all parameters except for V100. CONCLUSIONS: The 3D printing guide template can provide good accuracy for radioactive seed implantation.

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Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease. The major high risk population for RSV infection are<6month infants and elders with age older than 65 years. At present, BALB/c mice were wildly used as animal model for RSV infection, however there has no report about the comparison of different week-ages BALB/c mice after RSV infection. A different week-ages BALB/c mice model was described in this study to compare their susceptibility after RSV infection. Young(10weeks),middle aged(30weeks)and aged(60weeks)mice were intranasally infected with 106 or 107plaque-forming units (PFU) RSV, then clinical symptom, weight, RSV titer in nose/lung, histology and immunohistochemistry was examined. And age-related susceptibility was analyzed. A high-titer virus(107PFU)infection showed significant weight loss at 6-11 day post infection while 106 PFU didn't lead to obvious weight change. In 10(7) PFU infected group, replication of virus in nose and lung was detected, the virus in lung located around pulmonary alveoli, and the hematoxylin eosin stain showed significant infiltration of inflammatory cells and pathological tissue damage. Mice trended to be more susceptible to RSV infection as the growth of age. Older mice experience more weight loss. Lung histology of older mice showed more serious bronchiolitis and increased number of inflammatory cells in alveolar spaced, and 60week-old mice tended to be the most significant. In this study, we have successfully established a different week-ages BALB/c mice model, which will serve as the basis for investigating antibody or vaccine and further infection mechanism research of RSV.

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