RESUMEN
Background: Although the talar morphology has been well understood, studies on the corresponding tibial plafond are still lacking. Based on computed tomography (CT) data, this quantitative study divided the tibial plafond into anterior and posterior regions on five sagittal sections. The objectives of this study were (I) to determine whether the sagittal curvatures of the tibial plafond can be quantitatively and accurately described using the double-diameter method; (II) to compare the difference between the anterior and posterior diameters on five sagittal sections. Methods: In this study, CT data were collected from 100 adult ankles, and the three-dimensional (3D) ankle joint model was reconstructed using CT images. An anatomical coordinate system of the 3D ankle joint model was created to establish the standard coronal and sagittal planes. The measurement outcomes of sagittal curvatures included: the anterior and posterior diameters, the distal tibial arc length (TiAL) and the distal tibial mortise depth (TMD) on five sagittal sections (the most medial, medial 1/4, middle, lateral 1/4 and the most lateral section). Subgroup analysis was performed to compare the differences between males and females. Results: Analysis of the sagittal curvatures showed that the anterior diameter of tibial plafond was significantly smaller than the posterior diameter on five sagittal sections with a mean difference ranging from 3.9 to 6.8 mm (P<0.001). For the anterior diameters, the anteromedial curve had the smallest diameter (35.3±5.3 mm), and the anterolateral curve had the largest diameter (38.0±5.8 mm). For the posterior diameter, the posteromedial curve had the smallest diameter (39.2±6.4 mm), and the posterolateral 1/4 curve had the largest diameter (43.5±6.9 mm). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences in the anterior and posterior diameters among five groups (P<0.012). Subgroup analysis showed that gender partly affected the results of sagittal curvature measurements. Conclusions: The sagittal curvatures of the tibial plafond can be described quantitatively and accurately using anterior and posterior diameters. Our study showed that there were significant differences between the anterior and posterior diameters, and gender was an important factor influencing the sagittal curvatures of the tibial plafond.
RESUMEN
Purpose: To explore the relationship between sarcopenia-related indices, cognitive impairment and cerebral white matter hyperintensities. Patients and methods: Ninety-five hospitalized older adults aged 60 years and older were used in this study. Three sarcopenia-related indicators were measured: hand grip strength (Measured with a spring-type dynamometer), gait speed (6m step speed method), and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM, bioelectrical impedance). Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. Cognitive function was assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Cerebral white matter hyperintensity was assessed using 3.0T superconducting magnetic resonance imaging. Results: In both men and women, these three indices of sarcopenia were significantly and negatively correlated with WMH grades, except for appendicular skeletal muscle mass and WMH grades in women. Scores on the MoCA scale were significantly positive correlated with grip strength, and ASM, both in men and women. After adjusting for confounders and WMHs, regression analyses showed an increased incidence of cognitive impairment in patients with sarcopenia relative to those without sarcopenia. Conclusion: Lower sarcopenia-related indices were significantly associated with cognitive impairment. WMHs may be one of the factors linking sarcopenia and cognitive function.