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Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of articaine local infiltration with lidocaine inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) for restorative treat- ment of primary mandibular molars (PMMs). Methods: In this double-blind, parallel-design, randomized, controlled, clinical trial, participants were enrolled according to specified inclusion criteria (four to 10 years of age, need of PMM restorations, Frankel four behavior) and randomly assigned into either an articaine or lidocaine group. One investigator administrated all local anesthesia (LA). Nineteen trained and calibrated exam- iners, blinded to LA type, evaluated participants' reactions during LA administration and treatment using Modified Behavioral Pain Scale (MBPS). Participants rated their experiences using Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBFS). The subjects' blood pressure and pulse were recorded throughout procedures. Statistical analysis employed Mann Whitney-U test, repeated measures analysis of variance (P<0.05), and Cohen's kappa. Results: A total of 110 participants (n equals 55 per group; mean age equals 6.42 years; 60 percent males) were enrolled. The mean MBPS rating during LA administration was higher for lidocaine IANB (3.89) compared to articaine infiltration (2.24; P<0.001). The mean MBPS rating through- out treatment was higher for the lidocaine group (2.51) compared to articaine group (1.69; P=0.012). The lidocaine group had a mean WBFS score of 1.64, while for the articaine group WBFS was 0.872 (P=0.089). All physiological measurements were within normal limits with no difference between groups. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that local infiltration with articaine was less distressing upon administration and may be considered safe and effective alternative to lidocaine IANB for restorative treatment in PMMs.
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Carticaína , Lidocaína , Masculino , Humanos , Niño , Diente Molar , Nervio Mandibular , DolorRESUMEN
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of articaine local infiltration to lidocaine inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) for restorative treatment of primary mandibular molars (PMM). Methods: Four- to 10-year-old children who needed PMM restorations were enrolled according to inclusion criteria and randomly allocated into the articaine or lidocaine group. One operator administered all local anesthesia. Using the Modified Behavioral Pain Scale (MBPS), 15 trained and calibrated examiners, blinded to LA type, evaluated the subjects' reactions during LA administration and treatment. Children rated their experience using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (WBS). Subjects' blood pressure and pulse throughout the visits were recorded. Statistical analysis included independent t-tests, Mann Whitney-U, and repeated measures analysis of variance (P<0.05). Examiner reliability was determined by Cohen's kappa score. Results: Thirty subjects (53 percent male; mean age: 6.3 years) participated. While the mean total scores for articaine (2.13 MBPS; 0.53 WBS) were better than for lidocaine (3.07 MBPS; 1.33 WBS), there were no statistically significant differences between groups. All physiological measurements were within normal limits. Conclusions: This pilot study indicated that articaine infiltration might be as effective as a lidocaine inferior alveolar nerve block for restorative treatment of primary mandibular molars; however, a larger sample is required to confirm these findings.
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Anestesia Dental , Bloqueo Nervioso , Pulpitis , Anestésicos Locales , Carticaína , Niño , Preescolar , Método Doble Ciego , Humanos , Lidocaína , Masculino , Nervio Mandibular , Diente Molar , Proyectos Piloto , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Loeys-Dietz Syndrome (LDS) is a rare connective tissue disorder with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, linked to heterozygous mutations in six genes from the transforming growth factor beta receptor complex. The classical syndrome characteristics include aortic aneurisms with generalized arterial tortuosity, hypertelorism and cleft palate or bifid/broad uvula. LDS is also associated with a wide range of skeletal, craniofacial, cutaneous and ocular abnormalities, as well as allergic, atopic and inflammatory diseases. Common oral findings include high arched and/or narrow palate, enamel defects and class II skeletal malocclusion. Dental management of patients with LDS is complex and includes approaches to prevent medical complications, as well as considerations for safe delivery of dental care. The purpose of this report, reviews the literature related to LDS oral manifestations as well as to describe the comprehensive dental management of an adolescent patient with LDS and discuss the challenges that dental practitioners may face when providing treatment for these patients. LDS is a newly described syndrome and the literature reviewing its oral manifestations is limited. Patients are reported to have lower oral health-related quality of life as a result of tooth sensitivity and malocclusions. Dental management is compounded by the complexity of medical factors that should be taken into consideration for the safe delivery of care. The presented case is an example of the challenges that dental practitioners may face when providing treatment for LDS patients.
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Síndrome de Loeys-Dietz , Adolescente , Odontólogos , Humanos , Síndrome de Loeys-Dietz/genética , Rol Profesional , Calidad de Vida , Receptores de Factores de Crecimiento Transformadores betaRESUMEN
Caveolin-1 (cav-1), an integral protein of the membrane microdomains caveolae, is required for synthesis of matrix proteins by glomerular mesangial cells (MC). Previously, we demonstrated that the antifibrotic protein follistatin (FST) is transcriptionally upregulated in cav-1 knockout MC and that its administration is protective against renal fibrosis. Here, we screened cav-1 wild-type and knockout MC for FST-targeting microRNAs in order to identity novel antifibrotic therapeutic targets. We identified that miR299a-5p was significantly suppressed in cav-1 knockout MC, and this was associated with stabilization of the FST 3'UTR. Overexpression and inhibition studies confirmed the role of miR299a-5p in regulating FST expression. Furthermore, the profibrotic cytokine TGFß1 was found to stimulate the expression of miR299a-5p and, in turn, downregulate FST. Through inhibition of FST, miR299a-5p overexpression augmented, while miR299a-5p inhibition diminished TGFß1 profibrotic responses, whereas miR299a-5p overexpression re-enabled cav-1 knockout MC to respond to TGFß1. In vivo, miR299a-5p was upregulated in the kidneys of mice with chronic kidney disease (CKD). miR299a-5p inhibition protected these mice against renal fibrosis and CKD severity. Our data demonstrate that miR299a-5p is an important post-transcriptional regulator of FST, with its upregulation an important pathogenic contributor to renal fibrosis. Thus, miR299a-5p inhibition offers a potential novel therapeutic approach for CKD.
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Folistatina/genética , Folistatina/metabolismo , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/metabolismo , Animales , Caveolina 1/genética , Caveolina 1/metabolismo , Fibrosis/genética , Fibrosis/metabolismo , Fibrosis/patología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Riñón/metabolismo , Células Mesangiales/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , MicroARNs/genética , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/genética , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/patología , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/genética , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismoRESUMEN
Interest and effort toward new materials for rewritable paper have increased dramatically because of the exciting advantages for sustainable development and better nature life cycle. Inspired by how nature works within living systems, herein, we have used fluorans, as a concept verification, to endow original acidochromic, basochromic or photochromic molecules with broader properties, such as switchable with solvent, water, heat, electricity, stress, other force, etc., via simplified methods (i.e., via variation of submolecular structure or microenvironments). The hydrochromic visual change and reversible behavior of selected molecules have been explored, and the primary mechanism at the atomic or subatomic level has been hypothesized. In addition, several newly demonstrated hydrochromic fluorans have been utilized for water-jet rewritable paper (WJRP), which exhibit great photostability, high hydrochromic contrast, and fast responsive rate and which can be reused at least 30 times without significant variation. The water-jet prints have good resolution and various colors and can keep legibility after a few months or years. This improved performance is a major step toward practical applications of WJRP.
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Fluoresceínas/química , Estructura Molecular , AguaRESUMEN
Molecular switches have attracted increasing interest in the past decades, due to their broad applications in data storage, optical gating, smart windows, and so on. However, up till now, most of the molecular switches are operated in solutions or polymer blends with the stimuli of light, heat, and electric fields. Herein, we demonstrate the first pressure-controllable molecular switch of a benzo[1,3]oxazine OX-1 in crystal. Distinct from the light-triggered tautomerization between two optical states, applying hydrostatic pressure on the OX-1 crystal results in large-scale and continuous states across the whole visible light range (from â¼430 to â¼700 nm), which has not been achieved with other stimuli. Based on detailed and systematic control experiments and theoretical calculation, the preliminary requirements and mechanism of pressure-dependent tautomerization are fully discussed. The contributions of molecular tautomerization to the large-scale optical modulation are also stressed. Finally, the importance of studying pressure-responsive materials on understanding tactile sensing is also discussed and a possible mechanotransduction mode is proposed.
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Benzoxazinas/química , Oxazinas/química , Presión , Tacto , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Presión Hidrostática , Modelos Moleculares , Conformación Molecular , Fenómenos Ópticos , EstereoisomerismoRESUMEN
Structural and biochemical studies have revealed the importance of a conserved, mobile domain of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), the Trigger Loop (TL), in substrate selection and catalysis. The relative contributions of different residues within the TL to Pol II function and how Pol II activity defects correlate with gene expression alteration in vivo are unknown. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pol II as a model, we uncover complex genetic relationships between mutated TL residues by combinatorial analysis of multiply substituted TL variants. We show that in vitro biochemical activity is highly predictive of in vivo transcription phenotypes, suggesting direct relationships between phenotypes and Pol II activity. Interestingly, while multiple TL residues function together to promote proper transcription, individual residues can be separated into distinct functional classes likely relevant to the TL mechanism. In vivo, Pol II activity defects disrupt regulation of the GTP-sensitive IMD2 gene, explaining sensitivities to GTP-production inhibitors, but contrasting with commonly cited models for this sensitivity in the literature. Our data provide support for an existing model whereby Pol II transcriptional activity provides a proxy for direct sensing of NTP levels in vivo leading to IMD2 activation. Finally, we connect Pol II activity to transcription start site selection in vivo, implicating the Pol II active site and transcription itself as a driver for start site scanning, contravening current models for this process.