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Novel silicone-modified biochar adsorbents (BPS-MBCs) were prepared by utilizing waste black peanut shell (BPS) as a raw biochar and gamma-amino-propyl triethoxysilane (silicone) as an inorganic modifier. The novelty of this work is that the incorporation of silicone into BPS can rise the specific surface area and porosity of BPS-MBCs and elevate their adsorptions for copper (II). Sorption kinetics data for copper (II) were molded using five kinetic equations [i.e. Lagergren 1st-order and 2nd-order, intraparticle diffusion (IN-D), Elovich, and Diffusion-chemisorption]. The equilibrium adsorption data for copper (II) were analyzed using two-parameter isotherm equations [i.e. Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin] and three-parameter Sips, Redlich-Peterson and Toth isotherm models. It was validated that copper (II) sorption on BPS-MBCs matched better with pseudo-2nd-order kinetic, Diffusion-chemisorption and Langmuir isotherm models. The maximal qmLan of BPS-MBC-400 was near 284 mg/g at 45 °C. By multi-phase fitting of IN-D modelling, intra-particle diffusion coefficient (kin-d) and diffusion coefficient of external mass-transfer (DEx-Di) for copper (II) were calculated. The low sorption energy from Temkin and mean free energy from D-R modellings implied that copper (II) sorption was initiated by weak non-covalent bond interactions. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that copper (II) on BPS-MBCs was an endothermic and spontaneous process. Recycling of BPS-MBC-400 for copper (II) suggested it has excellent reusability. The major mechanism of copper (II) on BPS-MBCs is possibly comprised of multiple processes, such as physical adsorption (electrostatic attraction), chemical adsorption (adsorption from functional groups, chelation, and ion exchange) and diffusion-chemisorption. Based on these findings, it is expects that BPS-MBCs are promising sorbents for copper (II) eradication from Cu(II)-including wastewater.

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Solar-driven water vaporization is considered one of the most sustainable ways to solve water scarcity. The design of highly efficient solar absorber systems has received extensive attention. Here, we report a novel light absorption material for water evaporation using laser-treated wood. The obtained laser-treated wood possesses interconnected 3D porous networks formed by the random construction of carbon arrays and a hydrophilic surface due to the oxygen implantation by laser treatment. When under 1 sun solar-simulated light irradiation (1 kW m-2), the surface temperatures of dry and water-saturated wood reach 59.5 °C and 40.4 °C, respectively, indicating good heat localization. As a result, the laser-treated wood under 1 sun illumination shows high solar to vapor efficiencies of 93.1% and 92.6% for pure water and seawater, respectively, which are higher than that of most wood-based reported photo-thermal conversion materials. Therefore, the fabricated laser-treated wood may pave the way for harvesting solar energy to produce clean water at low cost.

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Phytochemical investigation on Ilex asprella stems by using various chromatographic techniques led to the isolation of 18 phenolic constituents. Based on spectroscopic data analyses and/or comparison of the spectroscopic data with those in literature, these constituents were identified, including two lignans (1, 2), five phenylpropanes (3-7), six chlorogenic analogues (8-13), and five benzoic analogues (14-18). Among them, compounds 3-7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, and 18 were isolated from genus Ilex for the first time, and 2, 8, 10, 15, and 16 were isolated from this species for the first time. The in vitro anti-inflammatory assay results showed that compounds 8, 9, 11, 13, and 15 possessed moderate inhibition on the NO production in RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values of 51.1-85.8 µmol·L⁻¹. The present study brought preliminary reference for the clarification of therapeutic ingredients of I. asprella with anti-inflammatory efficacy and its quality evaluation.

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Humulane-type sesquiterpenoids, widely distributed in plants and microbes, include three types: α-humulene, ß-humulene, and γ-humulene. Up to now, 98 humulane-type sesquiterpenoids have been reported, which possessed anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Herein, this paper describes their chemical constituents and pharmacological activities, hoping to bring benefits for further research and lay a foundation for investigating the structure-activity relationships.

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Nine alkaloids and two phenolic glycosides were isolated from EtOH extract of the whole plants of Corydalis hendersonii by various chromatographic techniques including silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified as groenlandicine (1), berberine (2), protopine (3), cryptopine (4), N-trans-feruloyloctopamine(5), 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyethyl] acrylamide (6), N-cis-p-coumaroyloctopamine (7), N-trans-p-coumaroylnoradrenline (8),N-cis-feruloyloctopamine (9), apocynin (10), and glucoacetosyringone (11) by the spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with those in the literature. Among them, compounds 10 and 11 were isolated from this genus for the first time, and 1, 2, and 5-9 were isolated from the species for the first time. All isolates were tested for their protection for in vitro PC12 cell line and antiplatelet aggregation activity. The results showed that compounds 5 and 7 displayed protective effects at a concentration of 10 µmol·L⁻¹, and compound 2 showed antiplatelet aggregation activity induced by THR, ADP, and AA, and compound 3 exhibted inhibitory effect induced by THR.

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Three new triterpenoid saponins, namely asprellinoids A-C (1-3), featuring a sulfate substitution in sugar moiety, were isolated from the stems of Ilex asprella (Hook. et Arn.) Champ. ex Benth. Their structures were elucidated by the spectroscopic data analyses including HR-ESI-MS, IR, and NMR spectra, and chemical method.

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A facile coagglomeration method for preparing a long alkyl chain modified graphene oxide (MGO)/MgCl2-supported Ti-based Ziegler-Natta catalyst was reported. The effects of MGO on the catalyst morphology and activity for ethylene polymerization were examined. The resultant polyethylene (PE)/MGO nanocomposites exhibited a layered morphology, with the MGO fillers being well dispersed and exhibiting strong interfacial adhesion to the PE matrix. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the PE were significantly enhanced with the introduction of a small amount of the MGO filler. Thus, this work provides a facile approach to the production of high-performance PE.

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In this work, a melamine functionalized molybdenum disulfide (M-MoS2) was prepared and used as fillers to form epoxy (EP)/MoS2 nanocomposites. The effects of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and melamine functionalized molybdenum disulfide (M-MoS2) loading on the mechanical properties of epoxy composites were investigated and compared. With only addition of 0.8 wt% M-MoS2, the tensile strength and modulus of EP/M-MoS2 nanocomposites showed 4.5 and 4.0 times increase over the neat epoxy. Interestingly, the elongation at break value of EP was also increased with the introduction of M-MoS2 fillers. These properties could result from the good dispersion and strong interfacial adhesion of M-MoS2 fillers and the EP matrix. Therefore, this work provides a facile way to produce of high-performance EP nanocomposites.

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Phytochemical investigation on the stems of Ilex asprella by using various chromatographic techniques led to the isolation of 13 compounds. By spectroscopic analyses and comparisons the spectral data with those in literatures, these compounds were identified as salicifoneoliganol(1), rel-(7R,8S)-3,3',5-trimethoxy-4',7-epoxy-8,5'-neolignan-4,9,9'-triol 9-ß-D-glucopyranoside(2),(+)-cycloolivil(3),(+)-syringaresinol-4'-O-ß-D-monoglucoside(4), liriodendrin(5), caffeic acid (6), 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde(7), benzene-1,2,4-triol(8), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-1-O-ß-D-apiofuranosyl(1″→6')-glucopyranoside(9), aeculetin(10), cryptochlorogenic acid ethyl ester(11), chlorogenic acid ethyl ester(12), and rel-5-(3S,8S-dihydroxy-1R,5S-dimethyl-7-oxa-6-oxobicyclo [3,2,1]oct-8-yl)-3-methyl-2Z,4E-pentadienoic acid(13). Among them, compounds 7, 8, 11, and 13 were isolated from genus Ilex for the first time, and 1-3, 9, 10, and 12 were isolated from this speciesfor the first time. The anti-inflammatory assay results of these compounds showed that compounds 1 and 9 showed moderate inhibitory effect against NO production in RAW 267. 4 cells with IC50 values of 35.7 and 50.6 µmol•L⁻¹, in vitro respectively, whereas compound 10 showed weak inhibition(IC50 value 98.7 µmol•L⁻¹).

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Meconopsis horridula is one of alpine plants belonging to family Papaveraceae, mainly distributed in Himalaya Range area. M. horridula is a rare alpine flower, and is a kind of traditional Tibetan medicine, which has been included in more than 40 compound formulae, having efficacies of clearing away heat and alleviating pain, activating blood circulation to remove stasis, traditionally used for the treatment of fractures, injuries, and chest and back pains. Modern research shows that the whole plant of M. horridula contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenes, and its pharmacological activities including antitumor, antivirus and myocardial protection etc. However, due to various factors, the current research of M.horridula still faces many challenges. This paper summaries herein a progress of MH on its ecological resources, traditional uses, and studies on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects, hopefully to provide a useful reference for the ecological protection and applications.

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Ilex asprella is one of representative medicinal plants in South of the Five Ridges of China. The roots and rhizomes of I. asprella have the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, stimulating salvia, and reducing thirst, which has been used to treat wind-heat cold, acute and chronic pharyngitis, and sore throat. Contemporary studies showed that I. asprella contains the major triterpenoids and glycosides, phenolic acids, and minor steroids. The extracts and compounds show activities of anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-tumor, and regulating lipid metabolism.The present paper summarizes a phytochemical and pharmacological advance on this species to provide reference for clarification of its pharmacologically active ingredients, quality evaluation, and further explorations.

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In this research, a Ziegler⁻Natta catalyst intercalated MoS2 was synthesized through the intercalation of a Grignard reagent into MoS2 galleries, followed by the anchoring of TiCl4. During propylene polymerization, the intercalated MoS2 exfoliated in situ to form PP/exfoliated MoS2 (EMoS2) nanocomposites. The isotactic index values of the resultant PP/EMoS2 nanocomposites were as high as 99%, varying from 98.1% to 99.0%. It was found that the incorporation of the EMoS2 significantly improved the thermal stability and mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at break) of PP. After introduction of EMoS2, the maximum increases in Td5% and Tdmax were 36.9 and 9.7 °C, respectively, relative to neat PP. After blending with commercial PP, the resultant nanocomposites increase in tensile strength and modulus up to 11.4% and 61.2% after 0.52 wt % EMoS2 loading. Thus, this work provides a new way to produce high-performance PP.

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Catalytic nanofibers are prepared by the immobilization of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto the surface of cross-linked electrospun poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) nanofibers. The crosslinking of the P4VP nanofibers by 1,4-diiodobutane via quaternization reaction greatly enhances the stability of the nanofibers against the solvent dissolution, which can then be used as promising platform for the immobilization of catalytic metal nanoparticles. The AuNPs immobilized cross-linked P4VP nanofibers have shown a good catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP).

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A novel well-defined amphiphilic Core-Shell star-block copolymer was synthesized from trimethylolpropane, ε-caprolactone, and glycidyl methacrylate by a combination of enzymatic ring-opening polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization. The structure and molecular weight of the macroinitiator and the star-block copolymer were confirmed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography. The effects of the glycidyl methacrylate sequence length on the hydrodynamic diameter and morphology of the polymer micelles were investigated by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, respectively.

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In the present article, the spherical and high activity TiCl4/MgCI2/MMT intercalated catalyst was successfully prepared. The active centers of obtained catalyst well dispersed in the MMT through electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA). The d-spacing of MMT was broadened from 0.97 nm to 1.42 nm after addition of MgCl2 and the space between MMT layers was 1.60 nm after treated with excess TiCl4. In addition, the catalyst shows a very high activity toward ethylene polymerization. During the ethylene polymerization, the MMT layers were exfoliated by the polymerization force arising from the propagation of ethylene chain. Interestingly, the macro-scale morphology of the obtained polyethylene (PE)/MMT nanocomposite still retained the spherical shape of precursor catalyst; while the PE particles contain MMT platelets take the shape of "flower petal" in the micro-scale. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) photographs showed that the MMT homogeneously dispersed in the PE.

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In this study, syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene (s-PB)/azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) membranes were prepared via electrospinning. The obtained membranes were intensively investigated by contact angle analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). With increasing the concentration of spinning solution, the obtained membranes were changed from hydrophobic to surperhydrophobic and the contact angle (CA) as high as 157 degrees at higher s-PB concentration. In addition, the s-PB/AIBN membrane cross-linked completely through heat treatment and superhydrophobic property of s-PB/AIBN membrane has not changed. The diameter of cross-linked fiber-based membrane was much thinner than that of the uncross-linked fibers.