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2.
J Cancer Res Ther ; 20(4): 1124-1129, 2024 Aug 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39206973

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT: The incidence of pancreatic cancer is increasing worldwide. Approximately, 60% of patients with pancreatic cancer have distant metastases at the time of diagnosis, of which only 10% can be removed using standard resection. Further, patients derive limited benefits from chemotherapy or radiotherapy. As such, alternative methods to achieve local control have emerged, including permanent iodine-125 seed interstitial brachytherapy. In 2023, the Chinese College of Interventionalists, affiliated with the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, organized a group of multi-disciplinary experts to compose guidelines for this treatment modality. The aim of this conference was to standardize the procedure for permanent iodine-125 seed interstitial brachytherapy, including indications, contraindications, pre-procedural preparation, procedural operations, complications, efficacy evaluation, and follow-up.


Asunto(s)
Braquiterapia , Radioisótopos de Yodo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Braquiterapia/métodos , Radioisótopos de Yodo/uso terapéutico , Radioisótopos de Yodo/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , China , Consenso , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto
3.
J Am Chem Soc ; 146(32): 22180-22192, 2024 Aug 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39087925

RESUMEN

Metal nanoclusters (NCs) hold great promise for expressing multipeak emission based on their well-defined total structure with diverse luminescent centers. Herein, we report the surface motif-dictated triple phosphorescence of Au NCs with dynamic color turning. The deprotonation-triggered isomerization of terminal thiouracils can evolve into a mutual transformation among their hierarchical motifs, thus serving a multipeak-emission expression with good tailoring. More importantly, the underlying electron transfer is thoroughly identified by excluding the radiative and nonradiative energy transfer, where electrons flow from the first phosphorescent state to the last two ones. The findings shed light on finely tailing motifs at the molecular level to motivate studies on customizable luminescence characteristics of metal NCs.

4.
Small ; : e2404734, 2024 Jul 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38966904

RESUMEN

The morphology of the active layer is crucial for highly efficient organic solar cells (OSCs), which can be regulated by selecting a rational third component. In this work, the highly crystalline nonfullerene acceptor BTP-eC9 is selected as the morphology regulator in OSCs with PM6:BTP-BO-4Cl as the main system. The addition of BTP-eC9 can prolong the nucleation and crystallization progress of acceptor and donor molecules, thereby enhancing the order of molecular arrangement. Meanwhile, the nucleation and crystallization time of the donor is earlier than that of the acceptors after introducing BTP-eC9, which is beneficial for obtaining a better vertical structural phase separation. The exciton dissociation, charge transport, and charge collection are promoted effectively by the optimized morphology of the active layer, which improves the short-circuit current density and filling factor. After introducing BTP-eC9, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the ternary OSCs are improved from 17.31% to 18.15%. The PCE is further improved to 18.39% by introducing gold nanopyramid (Au NBPs) into the hole transport layer to improve photon utilization efficiency. This work indicates that the morphology can be optimized by selecting a highly crystalline third component to regulate the nucleation and crystallization progress of the acceptor and donor molecules.

5.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 15238, 2024 07 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38956282

RESUMEN

The vector forces at the human-mattress interface are not only crucial for understanding the distribution of vertical and shear forces exerted on the human body during sleep but also serves as a significant input for biomechanical models of sleeping positions, whose accuracy determines the credibility of predicting musculoskeletal system loads. In this study, we introduce a novel method for calculating the interface vector forces. By recording indentations after supine and lateral positions using a vacuum mattress and 3D scanner, we utilize image registration techniques to align body pressure distribution with the mattress deformation scanning images, thereby calculating the vector force values for each unit area (36.25 mm × 36.25 mm). This method was validated through five participants attendance from two perspectives, revealing that (1) the mean summation of the vertical force components is 98.67% ± 7.21% body weight, exhibiting good consistency, and mean ratio of horizontal component force to body weight is 2.18% ± 1.77%. (2) the predicted muscle activity using the vector forces as input to the sleep position model aligns with the measured muscle activity (%MVC), with correlation coefficient over 0.7. The proposed method contributes to the vector force distribution understanding and the analysis of musculoskeletal loads during sleep, providing valuable insights for mattress design and evaluation.


Asunto(s)
Lechos , Sueño , Humanos , Sueño/fisiología , Masculino , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Adulto , Femenino , Postura/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos
6.
Int J Med Robot ; 20(4): e2660, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38978325

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: At present, the number and overall level of ultrasound (US) doctors cannot meet the medical needs, and the medical ultrasound robots will largely solve the shortage of medical resources. METHODS: According to the degree of automation, the handheld, semi-automatic and automatic ultrasound examination robot systems are summarised. Ultrasound scanning path planning and robot control are the keys to ensure that the robot systems can obtain high-quality images. Therefore, the ultrasound scanning path planning and control methods are summarised. The research progress and future trends are discussed. RESULTS: A variety of ultrasound robot systems have been applied to various medical works. With the continuous improvement of automation, the systems provide high-quality ultrasound images and image guidance for clinicians. CONCLUSION: Although the development of medical ultrasound robot still faces challenges, with the continuous progress of robot technology and communication technology, medical ultrasound robot will have great development potential and broad application space.


Asunto(s)
Robótica , Ultrasonografía , Humanos , Ultrasonografía/métodos , Ultrasonografía/instrumentación , Robótica/instrumentación , Diseño de Equipo , Automatización , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/instrumentación , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos
7.
Plant Cell Environ ; 2024 Jul 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39049759

RESUMEN

Fruit colour is a critical determinant for the appearance quality and commercial value of apple fruits. Viroid-induced dapple symptom severely affects the fruit coloration, however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we identified an apple dimple fruit viroid (ADFVd)-derived small interfering RNA, named vsiR693, which targeted the mRNA coding for a bHLH transcription factor MdPIF1 (PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 1) to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple. 5' RLM-RACE and artificial microRNA transient expression system proved that vsiR693 directly targeted the mRNA of MdPIF1 for cleavage. MdPIF1 positively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in both apple calli and fruits, and it directly bound to G-box element in the promoter of MdPAL and MdF3H, two anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, to promote their transcription. Expression of vsiR693 negatively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in both apple calli and fruits. Furthermore, co-expression of vsiR693 and MdPIF1 suppressed MdPIF1-promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruits. Infiltration of ADFVd infectious clone suppressed coloration surrounding the injection sites in apple fruits, while a mutated version of ADFVd, in which the vsiR693 producing region was mutated, failed to repress fruit coloration around the injection sites. These data provide evidence that a viroid-derived small interfering RNA targets host transcription factor to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple.

8.
Sci Bull (Beijing) ; 2024 Jul 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39060213

RESUMEN

The vertical phase distribution of active layers plays a vital role in balancing exciton dissociation and charge transport for achieving efficient polymer solar cells (PSCs). The layer-by-layer (LbL) PSCs are commonly prepared by using sequential spin-coating method from donor and acceptor solutions with distinct solvents and solvent additives. The enhanced exciton dissociation is expected in the LbL PSCs with efficient charge transport in the relatively neat donor or acceptor layers. In this work, a series of LbL all-polymer solar cells (APSCs) were fabricated with PM6 as donor and PY-DT as acceptor, and triplet material m-Ir(CPmPB)3 is deliberately incorporated into PY-DT layer to prolong exciton lifetimes of active layers. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of LbL APSCs is improved to 18.24% from 17.32% by incorporating 0.3 wt% m-Ir(CPmPB)3 in PY-DT layer, benefiting from the simultaneously enhanced short-circuit current density (JSC) of 25.17 mA cm-2 and fill factor (FF) of 74.70%. The enhancement of PCE is attributed to the efficient energy transfer of m-Ir(CPmPB)3 to PM6 and PY-DT, resulting in the prolonged exciton lifetime in the active layer and the increased exciton diffusion distance. The efficient energy transfer from m-Ir(CPmPB)3 to PM6 and PY-DT layer can be confirmed by the increased photoluminescence (PL) intensity and the prolonged PL lifetime of PM6 and PY-DT in PM6 + m-Ir(CPmPB)3 and PY-DT + m-Ir(CPmPB)3 films. This study indicates that the triplet material as solid additive has great potential in fabricating efficient LbL APSCs by prolonging exciton lifetimes in active layers.

9.
Plant J ; 119(4): 1859-1879, 2024 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38923625

RESUMEN

In the field, necrosis area induced by pathogens is usually surrounded by a red circle in apple fruits. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that accumulated salicylic acid (SA) induced by fungal infection promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis through MdNPR1-MdTGA2.2 module in apple (Malus domestica). Inoculating apple fruits with Valsa mali or Botryosphaeria dothidea induced a red circle surrounding the necrosis area, which mimicked the phenotype observed in the field. The red circle accumulated a high level of anthocyanins, which was positively correlated with SA accumulation stimulated by fungal invasion. Further analysis showed that SA promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner in both apple calli and fruits. We next demonstrated that MdNPR1, a master regulator of SA signaling, positively regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in both apple and Arabidopsis. Moreover, MdNPR1 functioned as a co-activator to interact with and enhance the transactivation activity of MdTGA2.2, which could directly bind to the promoters of anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes to promote their transcription. Suppressing expression of either MdNPR1 or MdTGA2.2 inhibited coloration of apple fruits, while overexpressing either of them significantly promoted fruit coloration. Finally, we revealed that silencing either MdNPR1 or MdTGA2.2 in apple fruits repressed SA-induced fruit coloration. Therefore, our data determined that fungal-induced SA promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis through MdNPR1-MdTGA2.2 module, resulting in a red circle surrounding the necrosis area in apple fruits.


Asunto(s)
Antocianinas , Ascomicetos , Frutas , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Malus , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Ácido Salicílico , Malus/microbiología , Malus/genética , Malus/metabolismo , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Antocianinas/biosíntesis , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Ascomicetos/fisiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Frutas/microbiología , Frutas/metabolismo , Frutas/genética , Arabidopsis/microbiología , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética
10.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces ; 16(27): 35400-35409, 2024 Jul 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38917455

RESUMEN

A series of dual-band photomultiplication (PM)-type organic photodetectors (OPDs) were fabricated by employing a donor(s)/acceptor (100:1, wt/wt) mixed layer and an ultrathin Y6 layer as the active layers, as well as by using PNDIT-F3N as an interfacial layer near the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. The dual-band PM-type OPDs exhibit the response range of 330-650 nm under forward bias and the response range of 650-850 nm under reverse bias. The tunable spectral response range of dual-band PM-type OPDs under forward or reverse bias can be explained well from the trapped electron distribution near the electrodes. The dark current density (JD) of the dual-band PM-type OPDs can be efficiently suppressed by employing PNDIT-F3N as the anode interfacial layer and the special active layers with hole-only transport characteristics. The light current density (JL) of the dual-band PM-type OPDs can be slightly increased by incorporating wide-bandgap polymer P-TPDs with relatively large hole mobility (µh) in the active layers. The signal-to-noise ratios of the optimized dual-band PM-type OPDs reach 100,980 under -50 V bias and white light illumination with an intensity of 1.0 mW·cm-2, benefiting from the ultralow JD by employing wide-bandgap PNDIT-F3N as the anode interfacial buffer layer and the increased JL by incorporating appropriate P-TPD in the active layers.

11.
J Chemother ; : 1-12, 2024 May 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38706347

RESUMEN

Lung cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide, associated with a poor survival rate. Taxol (Paclitaxel) is commonly used as a chemotherapeutic treatment for advanced lung cancers. While Taxol has improved clinical outcomes for lung cancer patients, a significant number of them develop resistance to Taxol, resulting in treatment failure. The role of the long noncoding RNA HCG18 in lung cancer and Taxol resistance has not yet been fully understood. To investigate this, we examined the expression of HCG18 and miR-34a-5p in lung tumors and normal lung tissues using qRT-PCR. We also assessed Taxol resistance through cell viability and apoptosis assays. Through the starBase online service, we analyzed the interactions between lncRNA and mRNA as well as miRNA and mRNA. We further validated the association between lncRNA and miRNA through luciferase and RNA pull-down assays. Our findings demonstrated that HCG18 was significantly upregulated in lung cancer tissues compared to normal lung tissues. Silencing HCG18 increased the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to Taxol. Additionally, our study established a Taxol-resistant cell line and observed a substantial upregulation of HCG18 in Taxol-resistant lung cancer cells. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that HCG18 could bind to miR-34a-5p, forming a competing endogenous RNA network, which was confirmed through luciferase assay. We found that miR-34a-5p was downregulated in lung cancer tissues and negatively correlated with Taxol resistance, as it directly bound to the 3'UTR region of HDAC1. Further results showed that inhibition of HCG18 significantly increased miR-34a-5p expression and sensitized lung cancer cells to Taxol. This sensitization could be reversed by inhibiting miR-34a-5p. Finally, we demonstrated in a xenograft mouse model that inhibition of HCG18 sensitized Taxol-resistant lung cancer cells to Taxol treatment by modulating the miR-34a-5p-HDAC1 axis. In conclusion, our in vitro and in vivo results uncover a novel molecular mechanism by which HCG18 promotes Taxol resistance through modulation of the miR-34a-5p/HDAC1 axis. These findings contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of chemo-resistant lung cancer.

12.
Physiol Plant ; 176(2): e14288, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38644531

RESUMEN

Heat shock protein 20 (Hsp20) is a small molecule heat shock protein that plays an important role in plant growth, development, and stress resistance. Little is known about the function of Hsp20 family genes in apple (Malus domestica). Here, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the apple Hsp20 gene family, and a total of 49 Hsp20s genes were identified from the apple genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 49 genes were divided into 11 subfamilies, and MdHsp18.2b, a member located in the CI branch, was selected as a representative member for functional characterization. Treatment with NaCl and Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. dothidea), the causal agent of apple ring rot disease, significantly induced MdHsp18.2b transcription level. Further analysis revealed that overexpressing MdHsp18.2b reduced the resistance to salt stress but enhanced the resistance to B. dothidea infection in apple calli. Moreover, MdHsp18.2b positively regulated anthocyanin accumulation in apple calli. Physiology assays revealed that MdHsp18.2b promoted H2O2 production, even in the absence of stress factors, which might contribute to its functions in response to NaCl and B. dothidea infection. Hsps usually function as homo- or heterooligomers, and we found that MdHsp18.2b could form a heterodimer with MdHsp17.9a and MdHsp17.5, two members from the same branch with MdHsp18.2b in the phylogenetic tree. Therefore, we identified 49 Hsp20s genes from the apple genome and found that MdHsp18.2b was involved in regulating plant resistance to salt stress and B. dothidea infection, as well as in regulating anthocyanin accumulation in apple calli.


Asunto(s)
Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSP20 , Malus , Filogenia , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Malus/genética , Malus/microbiología , Malus/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSP20/genética , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSP20/metabolismo , Ascomicetos/fisiología , Ascomicetos/genética , Ascomicetos/patogenicidad , Familia de Multigenes , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genética , Antocianinas/metabolismo
13.
Nano Lett ; 24(18): 5631-5638, 2024 May 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38669049

RESUMEN

Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) based on CsPb(Br/I)3 nanocrystals (NCs) usually suffer from severe spectral instability under operating voltage due to the poor-quality PeNCs. Herein, zeolite was utilized to prepare high-quality CsPb(Br/I)3 NCs via promoting the homogeneous nucleation and growth and suppressing the Ostwald ripening of PeNCs. In addition, the decomposed zeolite interacted strongly with PeNCs through Pb-O bonds and hydrogen bonds, which inhibited the formation of defects and suppressed halide ion migration, leading to an improved photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and enhanced stability of PeNCs. Moreover, the strong binding affinity of decomposed zeolite to PeNCs contributed to the formation of homogeneous perovskite films with high PLQY. As a result, pure-red PeLEDs with Commission International de I'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.705, 0.291) were fabricated, approaching the Rec. 2020 red primary color. The devices achieved a peak external quantum efficiency of 23.0% and outstanding spectral stability.

14.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 264(Pt 2): 130541, 2024 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38460628

RESUMEN

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are profoundly affected in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through various pathways. However, the role of circRNAs in the radiosensitivity of HCC cells is yet to be explored. In this study, we identified a circRNA-hsa_circ_0006737 (circNOP14) involved in the radiosensitivity of HCC. We found that circNOP14 increased the radiosensitivity of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, using a circRNA pulldown assay and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation, we identified Ku70 as a novel and robust interacting protein of circNOP14. Mechanistically, circNOP14 interacts with Ku70 and prevents its nuclear translocation, thereby increasing irradiation-induced DNA damage. Therefore, our findings may provide a predictive indicator and intervention option for 125I brachytherapy or external radiotherapy in HCC.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , MicroARNs , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/radioterapia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , ARN Circular/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , MicroARNs/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Tolerancia a Radiación/genética , Daño del ADN , Proliferación Celular/genética
15.
Redox Biol ; 72: 103132, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38547647

RESUMEN

Autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematous, are regulated by polymorphisms in genes contributing to the NOX2 complex. Mutations in both Ncf1 and Ncf4 affect development of arthritis in experimental models of RA, but the different regulatory pathways mediated by NOX2-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) have not yet been clarified. Here we address the possibility that intracellular ROS, regulated by the NCF4 protein (earlier often denoted p40phox) which interacts with endosomal membranes, could play an important role in the oxidation of cysteine peptides in mononuclear phagocytic cells, thereby regulating antigen presentation and activation of arthritogenic T cells. To study the role of NCF4 we used mice with an amino acid replacing mutation (NCF4R58A), which is known to affect interaction with endosomal membranes, leading to decreased intracellular ROS production. To study the impact of NCF4 on T cell activation, we used the glucose phosphate isomerase peptide GPI325-339, which contains two cysteine residues (325-339c-c). Macrophages from mice with the NCF458A mutation efficiently presented the peptide when the two cysteines were intact and not crosslinked, leading to a strong arthritogenic T cell response. T cell priming occurred in the draining lymph nodes (LNs) within 8 days after immunization. Clodronate treatment, which depletes antigen-presenting mononuclear phagocytes, ameliorated arthritis severity, whereas treatment with FYT720, which traps activated T cells in LNs, prohibited arthritis. We conclude that NCF4-dependent intracellular ROS maintains cysteine peptides in an oxidized crosslinked state, which prevents presentation of peptides recognized by non-tolerized T cells and thereby protects against autoimmune arthritis.


Asunto(s)
Presentación de Antígeno , Cisteína , Activación de Linfocitos , Oxidación-Reducción , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Linfocitos T , Animales , Ratones , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Cisteína/metabolismo , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Presentación de Antígeno/inmunología , Activación de Linfocitos/inmunología , NADPH Oxidasas/metabolismo , NADPH Oxidasas/genética , Péptidos/farmacología , Péptidos/inmunología , Artritis Reumatoide/inmunología , Artritis Reumatoide/metabolismo , Artritis Reumatoide/patología , Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/metabolismo
16.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(4)2024 Feb 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38396875

RESUMEN

Plants possess the remarkable ability to sense detrimental environmental stimuli and launch sophisticated signal cascades that culminate in tailored responses to facilitate their survival, and transcription factors (TFs) are closely involved in these processes. Phytochrome interacting factors (PIFs) are among these TFs and belong to the basic helix-loop-helix family. PIFs are initially identified and have now been well established as core regulators of phytochrome-associated pathways in response to the light signal in plants. However, a growing body of evidence has unraveled that PIFs also play a crucial role in adapting plants to various biological and environmental pressures. In this review, we summarize and highlight that PIFs function as a signal hub that integrates multiple environmental cues, including abiotic (i.e., drought, temperature, and salinity) and biotic stresses to optimize plant growth and development. PIFs not only function as transcription factors to reprogram the expression of related genes, but also interact with various factors to adapt plants to harsh environments. This review will contribute to understanding the multifaceted functions of PIFs in response to different stress conditions, which will shed light on efforts to further dissect the novel functions of PIFs, especially in adaption to detrimental environments for a better survival of plants.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Fitocromo , Fitocromo/genética , Fitocromo/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Transducción de Señal/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Plantas/genética , Plantas/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico , Factores de Transcripción con Motivo Hélice-Asa-Hélice Básico/metabolismo
17.
Stress Biol ; 4(1): 2, 2024 Jan 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38163824

RESUMEN

Plants have evolved a complex and elaborate signaling network to respond appropriately to the pathogen invasion by regulating expression of defensive genes through certain transcription factors. The APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) family members have been determined as key regulators in growth, development, and stress responses in plants. Moreover, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated the critical roles of AP2/ERFs in plant disease resistance. In this review, we describe recent advances for the function of AP2/ERFs in defense responses against microbial pathogens. We summarize that AP2/ERFs are involved in plant disease resistance by acting downstream of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, and regulating expression of genes associated with hormonal signaling pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and formation of physical barriers in an MAPK-dependent or -independent manner. The present review provides a multidimensional perspective on the functions of AP2/ERFs in plant disease resistance, which will facilitate the understanding and future investigation on the roles of AP2/ERFs in plant immunity.

18.
Brain Commun ; 6(1): fcad300, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38192492

RESUMEN

Few studies examined blood biomarkers informative of patient-reported outcome (PRO) of disability in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). We examined the associations between serum multi-protein biomarker profiles and patient-reported MS disability. In this cross-sectional study (2017-2020), adults with diagnosis of MS (or precursors) from two independent clinic-based cohorts were divided into a training and test set. For predictors, we examined seven clinical factors (age at sample collection, sex, race/ethnicity, disease subtype, disease duration, disease-modifying therapy [DMT], and time interval between sample collection and closest PRO assessment) and 19 serum protein biomarkers potentially associated with MS disease activity endpoints identified from prior studies. We trained machine learning (ML) models (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression [LASSO], Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Support Vector Machines, stacking ensemble learning, and stacking classification) for predicting Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) score as the primary endpoint and reported model performance using the held-out test set. The study included 431 participants (mean age 49 years, 81% women, 94% non-Hispanic White). For binary PDDS score, combined feature input of routine clinical factors and the 19 proteins consistently outperformed base models (comprising clinical features alone or clinical features plus one single protein at a time) in predicting severe (PDDS ≥ 4) versus mild/moderate (PDDS < 4) disability across multiple machine learning approaches, with LASSO achieving the best area under the curve (AUCPDDS = 0.91) and other metrics. For ordinal PDDS score, LASSO model comprising combined clinical factors and 19 proteins as feature input (R2PDDS = 0.31) again outperformed base models. The two best-performing LASSO models (i.e., binary and ordinal PDDS score) shared six clinical features (age, sex, race/ethnicity, disease subtype, disease duration, DMT efficacy) and nine proteins (cluster of differentiation 6, CUB-domain-containing protein 1, contactin-2, interleukin-12 subunit-beta, neurofilament light chain [NfL], protogenin, serpin family A member 9, tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 13B, versican). By comparison, LASSO models with clinical features plus one single protein at a time as feature input did not select either NfL or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as a final feature. Forcing either NfL or GFAP as a single protein feature into models did not improve performance beyond clinical features alone. Stacking classification model using five functional pathways to represent multiple proteins as meta-features implicated those involved in neuroaxonal integrity as significant contributors to predictive performance. Thus, serum multi-protein biomarker profiles improve the prediction of real-world MS disability status beyond clinical profile alone or clinical profile plus single protein biomarker, reaching clinically actionable performance.

19.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl ; 63(9): e202317376, 2024 Feb 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38229423

RESUMEN

Although colloidal perovskite nanocrystal (PNC) solution has exhibited near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), the luminance would be severely quenched when the PNC solution is assembled into thin films due to the agglomeration and fusion of NCs caused by the exfoliation of surface ligands and non-radiative Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from small to large particle sizes, which seriously affected the performances of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Here, we used Guanidine thiocyanate (GASCN) and Sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) to achieve effective CsPbI3 PNC surface reconstruction. Due to the strong coordination ability of these small molecules with the anions and cations on the surface of the PNCs, they can provide strong surface protection against PNC fusion during centrifugal purification process and repair the surface defects of PNCs, so that the original uniform size distribution of PNCs can be maintained and FRET between close-packed PNC films is effectively suppressed, which allows the emission characteristics of the films to be preserved. As a result, highly oriented, smooth and nearly defect-free high-quality PNC thin films are obtained, with PLQY as high as 95.1 %, far exceeding that of the original film, and corresponding LEDs exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency of 24.5 %.

20.
Nano Lett ; 24(4): 1268-1276, 2024 Jan 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38241736

RESUMEN

While quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskites have good properties of cascade energy transfer, high exciton binding energy, and high quantum efficiency, which will benefit high-efficiency blue PeLEDs, inefficient domain distribution management and unbalanced carrier transport impede device performance improvement. Herein, (2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (2PACz) and methyl 2-aminopyridine-4-carboxylate (MAC) were simultaneously introduced to a blue quasi-2D perovskite film. Relying on the synergistic effect of 2PACz and MAC, it not only modulates the phase distribution inhibiting the n = 2 phase but also greatly improves the electrical property of the quasi-2D perovskite film. As a result, the as-modified blue quasi-2D PeLED demonstrated an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.08% and a luminance of 10142 cd m-2. This study exemplifies the synergistic effect among dual additives and offers a new effective additive strategy modulating phase distribution and building balanced carrier transport, which paves the way for the fabrication of highly efficient blue PeLEDs.

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