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Objective: A case-control study was conducted to explore the efficacy of cohort study and value of CT perfusion imaging in patients with metastatic osteosarcoma after chemotherapy. Methods: Eighty patients with metastatic osteosarcoma treated in our hospital from March 2020 to December 2021 were divided into two groups. According to their different treatment methods, the chemotherapy+antiangiogenesis group had 36 cases and the chemotherapy group had 44 cases. All patients were scanned by 64-slice spiral CT before and after treatment. The differences of tumor volume and perfusion parameters before and after treatment were compared, and the correlation between perfusion parameters and tumor microvessel density (MVD) was analyzed. The receiver working curve (ROC curve) was used to evaluate the efficacy of the two groups after chemotherapy. Results: Blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), Pallak blood volume (PBV), and time to start (TTS) in the antitumor angiogenesis+chemotherapy group were significantly lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05). Microvessel density was positively correlated with PS, BF, BV, and PBV (P < 0.05). The reduction rate of BV and BF in the remission group after treatment was significantly higher than that in the nonremission group. When the BV and BF decline rates were 47.37% and 21.53% and the areas under the curve were 0.968 and 0.916, respectively, the diagnostic effect was the best. When the decrease rate of BV was 47.48% and the decrease rate of BF was 21.55%, the sensitivity was 94.72% and 89.56% and the specificity was 91.31% and 91.31%. Conclusion: The reduction rate of BV and BF in CT perfusion imaging is of high value in evaluating the efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC and can provide more objective basis for observing the changes and judging the prognosis of osteosarcoma after treatment.

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Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a common side-effect of antibiotic treatment resulting from an imbalance in the colonic bacteria. The hypothesis of this study is to ask whether polysaccharide from the rhizome of Dioscorea opposita which is recorded as conventional herbs and food for diarrhea treatment in Southeast Asia, may be an active compound against diarrhea induced by antibiotics. To address, firstly, a homogenous polysaccharide, DOP0.2-S-3 was characterized as a homogalacturonan containing linear repeating units of → 4)-α-D-GalAp(1 → 4)-α-D-GalAp(1 → with the average molecular weight of 14 kDa. DOP0.2-S-3 significantly reduced the water content and defecation times caused by AAD in mice, while it also remarkably attenuated the cytokines of IL-1ß and IL-6 expression in mice colon tissues. DOP0.2-S-3 decreased potential pathogen and increased Bacteroidetes in the mice gut. These results suggested DOP0.2-S-3 might be a new leading compound for the functional foods or drug candidate development against AAD partially through regulating gut flora.

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Dioscorea opposita Thunb. is widely used as functional foods and traditional Chinese medicine in China for its activity of regulating function of spleen and stomach. Polysaccharides may contribute to the function of regulation. To investigate structure features and bioactivities of polysaccharides from D. opposita, the rhizome of D. opposita was extracted with boiling water, yielding crude polysaccharides DOP. A novel polysaccharide named DOP0.1-S-1 was isolated from DOP by further purification. The average molecular weight of DOP0.1-S-1 was 10,000 Da and the range was around 12,000 -1,200 Da. The carbohydrate content of DOP0.1-S-1 was 100% and no protein was detected. The monosaccharide analysis showed that DOP0.1-S-1 was mostly composed of galactose. Methylation and NMR spectra analysis indicated that DOP0.1-S-1 was a 1,4-ß-galactan. Bioactivity test showed that DOP0.1-S-1 could promote the growth of B. thetaiotaomicron and B. ovatus and produce the short-chain fatty acids during the utilization of the polysaccharide.

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The aim of the current study was to discuss and analyze computerized tomography (CT) features and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with Kimura disease in head and neck. CT and clinicopathological data of 12 patients with Kimura disease diagnosed between May 2011 and May 2015 were analyzed. The mean age was 43.9 years and the disease course varied from 1 week-20 years. The mean absolute value of eosinophil granulocytes was 1.95×109/l. Multiple nodules were detected in 4 patients with Kimura disease. Main symptoms included multiple enlarged lymph nodes in neck and submaxillary regions. CT imaging of nodular lesions revealed a clear boundary, with moderate to marked homogeneous enhancement. Diffuse mass lesions were observed in 6 patients with Kimura disease. Main symptoms included subcutaneous diffuse soft tissue mass in parotid gland and maxillofacial regions. CT imaging of diffuse mass revealed unclear boundaries, adjacent skin thickness and moderate heterogeneous enhancement. In some cases, the diffuse mass involved soft mass with unclear boundaries. Pathological symptoms of Kimura disease included infiltration of eosinophilia, lymphocytic proliferation, formation of lymphatic follicles and variable degrees of fibrosis and vascular proliferation. Diagnosis of Kimura disease in head and neck regions may be improved based on lesions with clear or unclear boundaries, homogeneous or heterogeneous enhancement, with or without lymphadenectasis and by the presence of peripheral blood eosinophilia. However, a final diagnosis relies on a pathological examination.