RESUMEN
Resource utilization of tail vegetables has raised increasing concerns in the modern agriculture. However, the effect and related mechanisms of flue-cured tobacco leaves on the product quality, phytotoxicity and bacterially-mediated nitrogen (N) transformation process of tail vegetable composting were poorly understood. Amendments of high-dosed (5% and 10% w/w) tobacco leaves into the compost accelerated the heating process, prolonged the time of thermophilic stage, increased the peak temperature, thereby improving maturity and shortening composting duration. The tobacco leaf amendments at the 10% (w/w) increased the N conservation (TN and NH4-N content) of compost, due to the supply of N-containing nutrient and promotion of organic matter degradation by tobacco leaves. Besides, tobacco leaf amendments promoted the seed germination and root development of wild soybean, exhibiting the feasibility of composting product for promoting the growth of salt-tolerant plants, but no dose-dependent effect was found for tobacco leaf amendments. Addition of high dosed (5% and 10% w/w) tobacco leaves shifted the bacterial community towards lignocellulosic and N-fixing bacteria, contributing to increasing the compost maturity and N retention. PICRUSt 2 functional prediction revealed that N-related bacterial metabolism (i.e., hydroxylamine oxidation and denitrifying process) was enhanced in the tobacco leaf treatments, which contributed to N retention and elevated nutrient quality of composting. To the best knowledge, this was the first study to explore the effect of tobacco waste additives on the nutrient transformation and halophyte growth promotion of organic waste composting. These findings will deepen the understanding of microbially-mediated N transformation and composting processes involving flue-cured tobacco leaves.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the perioperative clinicopathologic outcome and postoperative survival of sphincter-sparing surgery by laparoscopic and open approach for patients with rectal cancer. Μethods: From January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2011, laparoscopic sphincter-sparing surgery and open sphincter-sparing surgery was performed in 228 patients with rectal cancer who were included in this study as open group (N=112) and laparoscopic group (N=116), respectively. The average follow-up time was approximately 5 years. RESULTS: Spearman's test showed that there was a slight negative correlation in overall survival and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade (Spearman's r=-0.146, p=0.028), History of abdominal surgery (Spearman's r=-0.134, p=0.044) of all patients was statistically significant. There was no significant difference in survival between laparoscopic and open group (p=0.988). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the total overall survival rates after laparoscopic and open sphincter-sparing surgery were similar in both groups. Log rank test showed that there were significant differences in overall survival among different ypTNM stages (pathological TNM after neoadjuvant chemotherapy) (p=0.002) and Charlson comorbidity index (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with open approach, laparoscopic sphincter-sparing surgery of rectal cancer had less intraoperative bleeding, less postoperative complications and faster recovery of intestinal function after operation. Survival of open surgery and laparoscopic rectal sphincter preservation surgery was similar in both groups. ypTNM stage and Charlson comorbidity index are the risk factors affecting the survival of patients with rectal cancer.