RESUMEN
A fully integrated and high-efficiency low-dropout regulator (LDO) with 100 mV dropout voltage and nA-level quiescent current for energy harvesting has been proposed and simulated in the 180 nm CMOS process in this paper. A bulk modulation without an extra amplifier is proposed, which decreases the threshold voltage, lowering the dropout voltage and supply voltage to 100 mV and 0.6 V, respectively. To ensure stability and realize low current consumption, adaptive power transistors are proposed to enable system tropology to alter between 2-stage and 3-stage. In addition, an adaptive bias with bounds is utilized in an attempt to improve the transient response. Simulation results demonstrate that the quiescent current is as low as 220 nA and the current efficiency reaches 99.958% in the full load condition, load regulation is 0.0059 mV/mA, line regulation is 0.4879 mV/V, and the optimal PSR is -51 dB.
RESUMEN
This paper presents a single-inductor boost converter for thermoelectric energy harvesting. A two-stages startup circuit with a three-phase operation is adopted to obtain self-startup with a single inductor. To extract the maximum energy, a coarse- and fine-tuning MPPT is proposed to adaptively and effectively track the internal source resistance. By designing a zero-current detector, the synchronization loss is reduced, which significantly improves the peak efficiency. The boost converter is implemented in a 0.18-µm standard CMOS process. Simulation results show that the converter self-starts the operation from a TEG voltage of 128 mV and achieves 88% peak efficiency, providing a maximum output power of 3.78 mW. The improved MPPT enables the converter to sustain the operation at an input voltage as low as 7.5 mV after self-startup.