RESUMEN
Based on the principle of Joinpoint regression (JPR) model and the additivity of Poisson distribution, this paper constructed a JPR model for series cumulative data. The notifiable incidence number of dengue fever cases per week and weekly cumulative data in Guangdong province from 2008 to 2017 were analyzed, using (mean squared errors) MSE and (mean absolute percentage error) MAPE to evaluate different models. Except for 2015, the MSE and MAPE produced from the logarithmic linear JPR model based on weekly cumulative incidence number were smaller than those based on the weekly data. The fitting accuracy of JPR model for series cumulative data for trend analysis had been improved significantly. This model could be applied to the analysis of the trend change and the prediction of staged cumulative incidence.
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Dengue/epidemiología , Humanos , Incidencia , Análisis de RegresiónRESUMEN
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is a crucial regulator that suppresses c-Jun N-terminal kinase and non-canonical nuclear factor-kB signaling, but facilitates type I interferon production. To determine TRAF3 function in innate immune responses among birds, particularly chicken, we cloned and characterized the chicken TRAF3 gene (chTRAF3) and detected its tissue expression profile in chicken. We also detected the differential expression of chTRAF3 and its downstream gene interferon-ß (IFN-ß) upon different stimuli in primary chicken embryo fibroblast cells. Two chTRAF3 gene products, chTRAF3-1 and chTRAF3-2, can be produced by alternative splicing. The full-length coding sequence of chTRAF3 (chTRAF3-1) was 1704 base pairs and encoded a protein of 567 amino acids with high identity to TRAF3 homologs from mammals and other birds. The deduced amino acid sequence showed typical characteristics of TRAFs, with a RING finger domain, 2 zf-TRAF motifs, and a MATH domain. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed broad expression of chTRAF3 in all detected tissues, with abundant expression in the spleen, thymus, lung, and small intestine. Expression of chTRAF3 was significantly upregulated in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in chicken embryo fibroblast cells challenged with poly I:C or poly dA-dT. Furthermore, chTRAF3 and IFN-ß mRNA expression from chicken embryo fibroblast cells challenged with Newcastle disease virus F48E9 suffered intense suppression compared with Newcastle disease virus Mukteswar infection. Our results indicate that chTRAF3 plays important roles in defending against both RNA and DNA virus infection.
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Proteínas Aviares/genética , Pollos/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Factor 3 Asociado a Receptor de TNF/genética , Empalme Alternativo , Secuencias de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Proteínas Aviares/metabolismo , Secuencia de Bases , Embrión de Pollo , Pollos/inmunología , Pollos/metabolismo , Clonación Molecular , Evolución Molecular , Inmunidad Innata , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Enfermedad de Newcastle/inmunología , Especificidad de Órganos , Alineación de Secuencia , Factor 3 Asociado a Receptor de TNF/metabolismoRESUMEN
The newly developed scientific complementary metal oxide semiconductor (sCMOS) cameras are capable of realizing fast single molecule localization microscopy without sacrificing field-of-view, benefiting from their readout speed which is significantly higher than that of conventional charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras. However, the poor image uniformity (suffered from fixed pattern noise, FPN) is a major obstruction for widespread use of sCMOS cameras in single molecule localization microscopy. Here we present a quantitative investigation on the effects of FPN on single molecule localization microscopy via localization precision and localization bias. We found that FPN leads to almost no effect on localization precision, but introduces a certain amount of localization bias. However, for a commercial Hamamatsu Flash 4.0 sCMOS camera, such localization bias is usually <2 nm and thus can be neglected for most localization microscopy experiments. This study addresses the FPN concern which worries researchers, and thus will promote the application of sCMOS cameras in single molecule localization microscopy.
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Carbocianinas/química , Interpretación de Imagen Asistida por Computador , Proteínas Luminiscentes/química , Microscopía Fluorescente , SemiconductoresRESUMEN
Water-solubility and biocompatibility are prerequisites for rare-earth up-converting nanophosphors applied to biological imaging. In this work, we have developed a facile and one-step synthesis technique, through which water-soluble NaYF(4): Yb(3+), Er(3+) nanoparticles (NPs) with functional groups including 3-mercaptopropionic acid, 6-aminocaproic acid and poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether on their surface can be directly prepared without any further surface treatment. Some inorganic salts will be selected as starting materials, water and some low toxic organic agents have been used as reaction media, which differs from earlier works. Structural and up-converting fluorescence are characterized by a variety of techniques. Cell uptake and in-vitro imaging of the as-synthesized NPs have been investigated using a multiphoton con-focal laser scanning microscope with a near-infrared excitation source. Internalization of the bare and functionalized NPs in human lung carcinoma A549 and human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells are studied at a nanoparticle loading of 10 µg mL(-1) over an exposure period from 30 min to 24 h. The cytotoxicity of modified NPs in HeLa cells is found to be low. In addition, the feasibility of the NPs in animal imaging has been demonstrated by subcutaneously injecting these NPs into nude mouse. The results indicated that our directly synthesized NPs coated with various functional groups are promising as bio-imaging agents due to their easy uptake, long lasting, low cytotoxicity, emissive in various human carcinoma cell lines and small animals through up-conversion with near-infrared excitation.
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Microscopía de Fluorescencia por Excitación Multifotónica/métodos , Nanoestructuras/química , Neoplasias Experimentales/patología , Agua/química , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Nanoestructuras/ultraestructura , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , SolubilidadRESUMEN
The standard diagnosis of rotavirus gastroenteritis is based on the demonstration of rotavirus antigen in stools using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). In this study, a one-step quantitative RT-PCR (Q-PCR) was used for sensitive detection of rotavirus in diarrheal stools. The primers and TaqMan probe for the Q-PCR were selected from a highly conserved region of the non-structural protein 3 (NSP3) of rotavirus. After validation, the test was applied to study rotavirus EIA positive (N=25) and EIA negative (N=143) stool specimens from cases of acute gastroenteritis of all degrees of severity in a prospective follow-up cohort of infants from 2 months to 2 years of age. Q-PCR detected all 25 EIA positive rotavirus antigens and seven additional cases that were rotavirus EIA negative, i.e. 28% more rotavirus positive cases than identified by EIA. It is concluded that Q-PCR using primers targeted at NSP3 is a rapid and sensitive method for diagnosing acute rotavirus gastroenteritis.
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Gastroenteritis/diagnóstico , Gastroenteritis/virología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/métodos , Rotavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedad Aguda , Preescolar , Cartilla de ADN , Heces/virología , Humanos , Lactante , Rotavirus/genética , Infecciones por Rotavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Rotavirus/virología , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Factores de Tiempo , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/genéticaAsunto(s)
Gastroenteritis/prevención & control , Infecciones por Rotavirus/prevención & control , Vacunas contra Rotavirus , Rotavirus/inmunología , Vacunas Atenuadas , Administración Oral , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Bélgica , Ensayos Clínicos Fase I como Asunto , Ensayos Clínicos Fase II como Asunto , Método Doble Ciego , Heces/virología , Finlandia , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina A/sangre , Lactante , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Infecciones por Rotavirus/epidemiología , Vacunas contra Rotavirus/administración & dosificación , Vacunas contra Rotavirus/efectos adversos , Vacunas contra Rotavirus/inmunología , Vacunas Atenuadas/administración & dosificación , Vacunas Atenuadas/efectos adversos , Vacunas Atenuadas/inmunología , Esparcimiento de VirusRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sapporo-like viruses (SLVs) occur worldwide, but there is limited information about the SLV-associated gastroenteritis outside Japan. METHODS: Stool specimens from 1,432 episodes of gastroenteritis that occurred in children between 2 months and 2 years of age during a rotavirus vaccine trial (776 episodes in placebo-vaccinated and 656 in rotavirus-vaccinated infants) were examined for SLVs using a reverse transcription-PCR assay. The reverse transcription-PCR took advantage of new primers specific for Sapporo virus genetic clusters I, II and III; SV/SV82 (SV/Sapporo virus 82); SV/Lond92 (SV/ London 92); and SV/PV (Parkville virus). RESULTS: SLVs were detected in association with 132 (9.2%) of all episodes; in 80 (5.6%) episodes SLV was the only gastroenteritis virus detected. The epidemic season of SLVs peaked from March to May concurrently with rotaviruses and astroviruses and overlapping withNorwalk-like viruses. Clinically SLV gastroenteritis was characterized by a mild diarrheal disease, being sharply different from the Norwalk-like virus-associated "winter vomiting disease." Rotavirus vaccination did not have any effect on the number of SLV episodes, but the intensity and duration of SLV-associated diarrhea were reduced in rotavirus-vaccinated children compared with placebo-vaccinated children (P = 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS: SLVs are common causative agents of acute gastroenteritis in young Finnish children. SLV disease is characterized by diarrhea, which is usually mild but can be severe. By an unknown mechanism rotavirus vaccine seems to reduce the severity of SLV-associated diarrhea.
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Infecciones por Caliciviridae/prevención & control , Gastroenteritis/prevención & control , Vacunas contra Rotavirus/administración & dosificación , Sapovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/inmunología , Diarrea/virología , Método Doble Ciego , Heces/virología , Femenino , Finlandia/epidemiología , Gastroenteritis/epidemiología , Gastroenteritis/inmunología , Gastroenteritis/virología , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Masculino , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Sapovirus/genética , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the left prefrontal lobe activation during semantic and non-semantic encoding tasks with functional near-infrared imaging (fNIRI) technique. METHOD: 22 healthy subjects were assigned semantic encoding and non-semantic encoding tasks. During semantic encoding tasks, subjects were asked to make a meaningful sentence including two unrelated Chinese word pairs, while during non-semantic encoding task they were asked to judge whether the two Chinese word pairs had the same morphological structure or not. Light intensity of two wavelengths (760 nm and 850 nm) diffused through skull and left prefrontal lobe were real-time recorded and used to reconstruct the brain activation image during the experiment. RESULT: With the fNIRI, significant activations were observed in the left inferior prefrontal cortex (Brodmann' areas 45 and 47) during the two tasks, but the evoked activations were more significant for semantic than non-semantic task. These observations were consistent with the results reported by others with functional megnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron-emission tomography PET. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that fNIRI provides an important, non-invasive way to map the prefrontal activation during cognitive tasks.
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Cognición , Corteza Prefrontal/irrigación sanguínea , Corteza Prefrontal/metabolismo , Diferencial Semántico , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta , Adolescente , Adulto , Volumen Sanguíneo/fisiología , Circulación Cerebrovascular , Femenino , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To validate near-infrared cerebral topography (NCT) as a practical tool in tracing the regional hemodynamic changes during normal ischemic stroke model of rat. METHOD: Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and photosensitizer induced intracranial infarction model of rat were established. The geometric shape and infarction area were measured by NCT, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and TTC stained anatomical imaging techniques. RESULT: In photosensitizer induced infarction model, the correlation between anatomical infarct area and NCT image area for infarct focus were r = 0.897 for 24 h group (P < 0.05) and r = 0.906 for 2 months group (P < 0.01), respectively. The correlation between anatomical infarction area and NCT image area for infarct focus were r = 0.820 for normothermia group (P < 0.05) and r = 0.851 for hypothermia group (P < 0.05), respectively. The correlation between fMRI and NCT image area for infarction focus were r = 0.874 for normothermia group (P < 0.05) and r = 0.782 for hypothermia group (P < 0. 05), respectively. CONCLUSION: Measurement with NCT for infarction focus matched well with fMRI and anatomic sample in rats. NCT technique might be a practical tool for short-term prediction of stroke and the rehabilitation after stroke in real time.
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Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico , Hemodinámica/fisiología , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta/métodos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/prevención & control , Animales , Encéfalo/irrigación sanguínea , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Isquemia Encefálica/patología , Infarto Cerebral/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Hipotermia Inducida , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Arteria Cerebral Media , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/patologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Differentiation of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) from radiation fibrosis using conventional diagnostic methods can be difficult. The authors prospectively studied patients with NPC to determine the efficacy of Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy in detecting the primary, residual, and recurrent tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors performed Tc-99m MIBI SPECT studies of the head and neck and whole-body scans on 21 healthy adult volunteers and 43 patients with NPC before (n = 26) or after (n = 17) radiotherapy. The images were qualitatively assessed by comparing the nasopharyngeal uptake to scalp radioactivity. MIBI uptake index was calculated as a ratio of mean counts per pixel in the normal nasopharynx or tumor to mean counts per pixel in the scalp. RESULTS: There was significantly higher uptake of Tc-99m MIBI by NPC than normal nasopharynx and radiation fibrosis (P < .05). The authors determined the optimum cutoff MIBI uptake index value of 1.3 with a sensitivity of 97%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, a negative predictive value of 96%, and an accuracy of 98% for diagnosing NPC. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that Tc-99m MIBI SPECT is useful for detecting primary NPC and for differentiating residual or recurrent tumor from radiation fibrosis. The authors propose the cutoff MIBI uptake index value of 1.3 for diagnosing NPC.
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Carcinoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiofármacos , Tecnecio Tc 99m Sestamibi , Tomografía Computarizada de Emisión de Fotón Único , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma/radioterapia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Fibrosis , Cabeza/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/radioterapia , Nasofaringe/diagnóstico por imagen , Nasofaringe/patología , Nasofaringe/efectos de la radiación , Cuello/diagnóstico por imagen , Invasividad Neoplásica/diagnóstico por imagen , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasia Residual/diagnóstico por imagen , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Prospectivos , Traumatismos por Radiación/diagnóstico por imagen , Cuero Cabelludo/diagnóstico por imagen , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
Intestinal lymphangiectasia is a common cause of protein-losing enteropathy characterized by diarrhea, generalized edema, enteric protein loss, hypoproteinemia, and lymphopenia. Diagnosis is based on demonstration of enteric protein loss and characteristic small bowel mucosal histology. Various imaging modalities including barium studies, computed tomography, and lymphangiography have had limited clinical use. The authors report a case of intestinal lymphangiectasia in which Tc-99m dextran lymphoscintigraphy played a significant role in the patient management.
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Dextranos , Linfangiectasia Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagen , Compuestos de Organotecnecio , Radiofármacos , Adulto , Sulfato de Bario , Enfermedades del Colon/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades del Colon/fisiopatología , Enfermedades del Colon/cirugía , Medios de Contraste , Diarrea/fisiopatología , Edema/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Hipoproteinemia/fisiopatología , Enfermedades del Íleon/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades del Íleon/fisiopatología , Enfermedades del Íleon/cirugía , Absorción Intestinal/fisiología , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Linfangiectasia Intestinal/patología , Linfangiectasia Intestinal/fisiopatología , Linfangiectasia Intestinal/cirugía , Linfografía , Linfopenia/fisiopatología , Proteínas/metabolismo , Cintigrafía , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
From January 1963 to December 1989, 1585 consecutive cases of retinal detachment were operated with homologous skin as buckling material, the rate of operative success being 91.6%. Human skin is easy to obtain, sterilize and preserve; because of its appropriate thickness and firm but elastic consistency it satisfactorily meets the need to produce sufficient height and to maintain necessary duration of the scleral buckling; in addition to a high rate of reattachment, homologous skin implantation was well tolerated, very rarely rejected (0.06%) and infected (0.25%), and no late complications occurred. Therefore, the authors prefer using human skin as buckling agent rather than conventional synthetic material, e.g., silicon sponge etc.
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Desprendimiento de Retina/cirugía , Curvatura de la Esclerótica/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , PielRESUMEN
The authors studied the effect of homoharringtonine (Hh), a semisynthetic Chinese herb, on the ultrastructure of in vitro cultured human conjunctival fibroblasts (HFb) and its mechanism of action. Preliminary results showed that the main characteristics of HFb damage caused by Hh were invagination of the nuclear membrane, aggregation and margination of chromatin, and massive vacuolization of the cytoplasm. In addition, Hh can inhibit the secretion of collagen fibers and the synthesis of microfilaments. Therefore, Hh might be an effective agent in the prevention and treatment of proliferative eye disorders.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Conjuntiva/efectos de los fármacos , Harringtoninas/farmacología , Citoesqueleto de Actina/ultraestructura , Agregación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Colágeno/ultraestructura , Conjuntiva/ultraestructura , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/ultraestructura , Homoharringtonina , Humanos , Masculino , Membrana Nuclear/ultraestructura , Vacuolas/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Homoharringtonine, an alkaloid indigenous to China, was studied for its effect on fibroblast growth in cell culture and on intraocular proliferation produced in rabbits by injecting homologous fibroblasts into the vitreous. The results demonstrate that homoharringtonine reduced the cell growth by 50% at a concentration of 0.005 mg/l in vitro, significantly inhibited vitreous proliferation, and prevented the occurrence of retinal detachment in vivo. Light and electron microscopy revealed no ocular toxicity in drug-treated eyes. Homoharringtonine may be of considerable value in the prevention and treatment of intraocular proliferation in patients.
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Alcaloides/farmacología , Ojo/citología , Harringtoninas/farmacología , Animales , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ojo/efectos de los fármacos , Ojo/ultraestructura , Femenino , Fibroblastos/citología , Harringtoninas/efectos adversos , Homoharringtonina , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica , ConejosRESUMEN
Chronic lung lymph fistulae were produced in six goats according to Winn's and Stothert's methods with our modification to define the pathophysiology of pulmonary oedema after severe steam inhalation injury. Arterial blood gas, lung lymph flow (QLym), lymph/plasma total protein concentration ratio (L/P), and beta-glucuronidase (beta-G) in plasma and lung lymph were monitored for 24 h post-injury. The pathological changes in the lung tissues were also determined at the end of the study. It was found that directly after injury, QLym increased steadily to a peak value at 6 h, followed by declining values at 18 and 24 h. L/P decreased promptly during the 60 min after injury and then also steadily increased to a peak value at 4 h (P less than 0.05). A significant increase in plasma beta-G was only observed at 4 h post-burn. However, lung lymph beta-G activities and lymph beta-G transport increased immediately after injury, reaching a peak at 4 h (5 and 12 times above baseline values, respectively, P less than 0.01). Significant hypoxaemia and hypocapnia occurred at 2 h post-burn and deteriorated progressively throughout the study. There were obvious pulmonary interstitial and alveolar oedema microscopically. This study demonstrates that the increase in transvascular fluid and protein flux after steam inhalation injury is mainly due to increased pulmonary microvascular permeability. Nevertheless, a hydrostatic pressure effect can not be completely excluded, especially in the first hour post-burn. Lysosomal enzyme release is considered to be one of the important factors which damage lung microvascular elements and induce an increase in their permeability.