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Background: Prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) is an effective minimally invasive treatment for lower urinary tract obstruction and hematuria in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This study was aim to evaluate the safety and short-term efficacy of drug epirubicin-loaded beads transarterial prostatic arterial chemoembolization (DEB-PACE) for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PC) with lower urinary tract obstruction or hematuria. Methods: A total of 8 patients with advanced PC undergoing DEB-PACE from August 2020 to February 2022 were retrospectively enrolled. The patients were followed up at 1 week, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after DEB-PACE. The origin of prostatic arteries, technical success, clinical success rate, duration of the indwelling urinary catheter, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), QoL score (quality of life), prostate volume (PV), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and complications were recorded. The short-term efficacy (changes in IPSS, PV and QoL value from baseline to 3 months) were analysed. Results: There were 17 prostatic arteries in 8 patients, which mainly originated from internal pudendal artery (11/17, 64.7%), the technical success rate is 100%. After treatment, the symptoms of lower urethral obstruction in 8 patients were significantly improved that PSA, PV, IPSS and QoL level were significantly reduced. The catheter was successfully removed within 1 week on average, and 2 patients with hematuria disappeared within 5 days. The clinical success rate is 100%. At 1 month postoperatively, mean PV reduction was 30.28±6.963 cm3 (P=0.0457), mean IPSS reduction was 21.13±2.887 points (P=0.0042), mean QoL reduction was 3.75±0.366 points (P=0.006). At 3 months postoperatively, mean PV reduction was 46.14±8.906 cm3 (P=0.0112), mean IPSS reduction was 24.5±2.398 points (P=0.0003), mean QoL reduction was 4.25±0.25 points (P=0.0003). There were no serious complications occurred in all patients. Conclusions: DEB-PACE is a promising treatment for advanced PC with lower urinary tract obstruction or hematuria. However, the efficacy and safety of DEB-PACE for advanced PC is needed to validated by prospective large sample randomized controlled study.

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Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. However, precise molecular mechanisms underlining its development are far from clear. We recently reported that PES1 promoted development of breast cancer and ovarian cancer as an oncogene. In this study, we reported that ablation of endogenous PES1 resulted in significant suppression of cell proliferation and growth and led to cell cycle arrest in G2 or G1 phase, respectively, in two gastric cancer cell lines (AGS and N87) in vitro. Meanwhile, silencing of PES1 obviously decreased expressions of cyclin D1, HIF-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions and increased p21WAF1 expression. Re-expression of PES1 in these two kinds of PES1 knockdown cells rescued these effects. In vivo, repression of endogenous PES1 expression suppressed gastric tumor growth in nude mice. In addition, 40.7 % (24/59) of gastric cancer tissues showed PES1 expression via immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. However, there were not any positive PES1 stainings in matched adjacent tissues. Our results demonstrated that repression of PES1 changed expressions of some cell proliferation- and angiogenesis-related genes and inhibited gastric cancer growth, and PES1 expression increased in gastric cancer tissues. These results suggest that PES1 may play an important role in development of gastric cancer. PES1 may be a potential target for gastric cancer therapy.

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Estrogen exhibits mitogenic activity in early ovarian carcinogenesis and plays an important role in ovarian tumorigenesis. Due to the increased expression of ERα and decreased expression of the ERß, the ratio of ERα and ERß is markedly increased in ovarian cancer. We have recently reported that PES1 regulates the balance of ERα and ERß at the post-transcriptional level in breast cancer. Here, we report that PES1 inversely regulates the expression of ERα and ERß in addition to their transcriptional activities in epithelial ovarian cancer. We found that the ablation of PES1 resulted in the significant downregulation of ERα and estrogen-responsive genes such as cylin D1, HIF-1α and VEGF and the up-regulation of ERß and p21WAF1. Cell proliferation in both tested ovarian cell lines was markedly inhibited and cells were arrested in G2 after PES1 was ablated. Further analysis of clinical samples showed that expression of PES1 correlated positively with ERα expression and negatively with ERß expression. Our results demonstrate that PES1 may play important role in the progression of ovarian cancer by inversely regulating the ERα and ERß expression. PES1 may be a new target for ovarian cancer therapy.

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AIM: To prepare anti-PES1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and detect the PES1 expression in several kinds of human cancer cell lines and its tissue distribution in the adult rat. METHODS: pGEX-PES1(1-322aa) fusion protein was purified and inject-ed into mice for immunization. Anti-PES1 mAb was produced by cell fusion and screening after immunization. Anti-PES1 mAb was identified by Western blot. Several human cancer cell lines and different tissue samples of adult rat were detected the PES1 expressions with the mAb prepared. RESULTS: Aanti-PES1 mAb was determined to be specific to PES1 with Western blot analysis. PES1 were expressed in all kinds of breast, ovary, liver and lung cancer cell lines detected in different levels with prepared mAb. Pescadillo was obviously expressed in the breast and ovary but not other tissues of adult rat using prepared mAb. CONCLUSION: Anti-PES1 mAb was successfully prepared. PES1 may play an important role in the tumorigenicity and may also play a role in the pathway of estrogen since breast and ovary, the most important estrogen target organ of adult rat, obviously express pesca-dillo.

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