Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades/epidemiología , Poliomielitis/epidemiología , Preescolar , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Guatemala , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Poliomielitis/microbiología , Poliomielitis/prevención & control , Poliovirus/clasificación , Poliovirus/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Durante la epidemia de poliomielitis paralítica que afectó a Guatemala entre 1982 y 1983, se llevó a cabo un estudio longitudinal de las características clínicas y virológicas de 133 niños con este diagnóstico ingresados en un hospital de la capital. La edad de los pacientes fluctuó entre los cuatro meses y los cinco años. El 68% no habían recibido ninguna dosis de la vacuna oral de poliovirus, mientras que al 6% se les habían administrado tres dosis. En 102 niños se aislaron poliovirus; en 92 de estos casos los virus excretados eran solo del tipo 1; en siete, del tipo 2; en uno, del tipo 3, y en dos niños, de los tipos 1 y 2. Se tomaron 66 cepas círicas para establecer la diferenciación intratípica y se halló que 55 de los 56 virus aislados del tipo 1 y el único del tipo 3 eran virus no análogos al de Sabin, mientras que las nueve cepas del tipo 2 eran análogas al virus de Sabin. Estas observaciones confirman la necesidad de la vacunación durante el primer semestre de vida y que el establecimiento de medidas adecuadas para controlar la transmisión de poliovirus del tipo salvaje produciría una notable disminución de la morbilidad causada por la poliomielitis
Asunto(s)
Lactante , Preescolar , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Parálisis/epidemiología , Poliomielitis/epidemiología , Poliovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Guatemala , Vacuna Antipolio de Virus InactivadosAsunto(s)
Parálisis/etiología , Poliomielitis/complicaciones , Preescolar , Femenino , Guatemala , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Poliomielitis/microbiologíaRESUMEN
During the epidemic of paralytic polio that struck in Guatemala in 1982 and 1983 a longitudinal study was carried out of the clinical and virological characteristics of 133 children admitted with this diagnosis to a hospital in the capital city. The age of the patients ranged between four months and five years; 68 percent of them had not received any dose of oral polio vaccine and 6 percent had received three doses. Poliovirus was isolated from 102 children; in 92 of these cases the virus excreted was only of type 1, in seven it was of type 2, in one of type 3, and in two of types 1 and 2. Sixty-six virus strains were taken for intratypical differentiation and it was found that 55 of the 56 strains of type 1 virus and the sole strain of type 3 were viruses not analogous to the Sabin virus, and the nine of type 2 were analogous to it. These findings confirm the need to vaccinate during the first six months of life and that adequate measures to control the transmission of wild poliovirus would greatly reduce morbidity from the disease
Asunto(s)
Poliomielitis , Poliovirus , Parálisis , Guatemala , Vacuna Antipolio de Virus Inactivados , Brotes de EnfermedadesAsunto(s)
Tifus Epidémico Transmitido por Piojos/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Guatemala , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
In the first 3 weeks after the 1976 earthquake in Guatemala a system for collecting, analysing, and disseminating information of medical importance was instituted in the disaster area. Data on cases of selected diseases, number of available hospital beds, and medical supplies were collected, and reported epidemics were investigated. The system functioned well despite the limited numbers of trained personnel. Collection and analysis were quick enough for data to be used immediately in decision-making. No epidemics of communicable diseases were observed in the affected area. The number of dog bites in Guatemala City increased but no cases of rabies were reported. The success of the surveillance system in Guatemala suggests that immediate use of epidemiological methods should be an integral part of disaster relief.