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A proctosigmoidectomy, commonly called Hartmann's procedure (HP), is the surgical resection of the rectosigmoid colon with the closure of the anorectal stump and creation of an artificial stomal opening (ostomy) on the abdomen (colostomy). It is generally performed with the intention of reversal once the underlying cause is treated. The aim of this study is to assess the predictive factors and intra-operative difficulties that might influence the decision to indicate or contra-indicate stomal reversal after HP. Patients who underwent HP between January 2010 and December 2017 were retrospectively evaluated in a single institution. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were analysed for patients who underwent HP for benign as well as malignant conditions. The reversal rate was comparable with the proportion of benign cases, consistent with published evidence that reversal rates for diverticular disease are higher as compared to colorectal cancer. Disease progression/metastasis, advanced age, multiple co-morbidities, and procedure abandonment (frozen pelvis /leak) were the most common contra-indications for reversal.

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ZnGa2O4 nanocomposites have been widely used for photocatalytic degradation of industrial dyes. In this work, ZnGa2O4 was synthesized from zinc sulphate heptahydrate ZnSO4.10H2O and Gallium (III) oxide (Ga2O3) by hydrothermal method. As prepared, ZnGa2O4 nanocomposites was used as a photocatalyst degradation of three organic dyes rhodamine-B, methylene blue, and methyl orange, under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The ZnGa2O4 nanocomposites structure, morphology, size and optical properties were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopes (TEM) and photoluminescence spectra (PL). Moreover, the results explained the rate-controlling mechanisms of the dye degradation process followed by second-order kinetics. After 100 min of adsorption kinetic models, the decomposition of rhodamine-B (7.2 Ct mg/L, 5.2 Ct mg/L, and 4.1 Ct mg/L), methylene blue (42.8 qt mg/g, 44.8 qt mg/g, and 45.9 qt mg/g), and methyl orange (42.8 qe mg/g, 44.8 qe mg/g, and 45.9 qe mg/g) respectively. This investigation study offers a promising method to design more efficient ZnGa2O4 nanocomposites based photocatalytic degradation of industrial organic dyes.

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One of the main causes for Alzheimer disease is the abnormal self-assembly of the amyloid-beta (Aß) peptide, which in turn forms a toxic ß-rich aggregation. A recent study suggests that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can inhibit the Aß aggregation. Nevertheless, the effects of AuNPs on Aß peptide system are still ambiguous and needs exploration that is more detailed. Molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out to investigate the aggregation mechanism of Aß42 peptide for 500 ns. During simulation, C-terminus regions of Met 35-Ala42 residues exhibits ß-sheet conformations. Meanwhile, the Au144MC coordination induces substantial α-helical character, both α-helix and 310-helix structure at 0-500ns, in the region of Asp1-Arg5 and Val36-Ile41 residues. The Au144MC strongly coordinates with Asp1, Ala2, Glu3, Phe4, Asp7, Tyr10 and Gln15 residues that plays the significant effects to loss the ß-sheet geometry in the N-terminal region and it converted into random α-helix, turn and bend conformation. On comparing the RMSF of the Aß42 peptide and Aß42-Au144MC complex shows that the coordination of Au144MC results in greater rigidity of the Aß42 peptide backbone regions with exemptions for the Asp1, Ala2, Glu3, Leu34, Ile41 and Ala42 residues due to the strong binding between the metal cluster and the CHC (Leu17-Ala21) region. The structural stability of the Aß42 peptide and Aß42-Au144MC complex is enhanced by the several intermolecular and intramolecular interactions and it was visibly revealed in the H-bond. From the above results, it is very evident that the Au144MC can be used as inhibitor agent for the oligomerization of Aß42.

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Fragaria ananassa (garden strawberry) and Actinidia deliciosa (kiwi) fruits are widely consumed due to their taste and nutritive value however several studies also supports their medicinal uses. Current study was designed to assess the In-Vivo analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity of ethanol extract of Fragaria ananassa (EEFA), Actinidia deliciosa (EEDA) and their 1:1 combination. Albino Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=5) for each study comprising of vehicle control, reference standards *(aspirin and paracetamol 100 mg/kg/day), EEFA (800 mg/kg/day), EEAD (800 mg/kg/day) and 1:1 combination of EEFA and EEAD (400 + 400mg/kg/day). The results revealed significant anti-inflammatory potential of EEAD and their combination with 79.35% and 82.03% inhibition in carrageenan induced paw edema whereas 52.54% inhibition was produced by EEFA against control. However most powerful analgesic effect was produced by EEFA with 52.23% at 60 min followed by EEAD (48.38%) and EEFA+ EEAD combination (44.09%). Similarly, EEFA, EEAD and their combination also lowered the rectal temperature in highly significant manner (p< 0.01) against control. These results suggested the possible role of garden strawberry and kiwi in treating the ailments related to pain, inflammation and fever however further studies are required to elucidate the constituents responsible for it and their exact mechanism.

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Withania coagulans contains a complex mixture of various bioactive compounds. In order to reduce the complexity of the plant extract to purify its phytochemical biomolecules, a novel fractionation strategy using different solvent combination ratios was applied to isolate twelve bioactive fractions. These fractions were tested for activity in the biogenic synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles, biofilm and antifungal activities. The results revealed that plant extract with bioactive fractions in 30% ratio for all solvent combinations showed more potent bioreducing power, according to the observed color changes and the appearance of representative absorption peaks at 500-510 nm in the UV-visible spectra which confirm the synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs). XRD diffraction was used to define the crystal structure, size and phase composition of the products. The fractions obtained using 90% methanol/hexane and 30% methanol/hexane showed more effectiveness against biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus so these fractions could potentially be used to treat bacterial infections. The 90% hexane/H2O fraction showed excellent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, while the 70% methanol/hexane fraction showed good antifungal activity for C. albicans, so these fractions are potentially useful for the treatment of various fungal infections. On the whole it was concluded that fractionation based on effective combinations of methanol/hexane was useful to investigate and study bioactive compounds, and the active compounds from these fractions may be further purified and tested in various clinical trials.

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The present review evaluated health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) outcomes in surgical breast cancer survivors who received breast reconstruction (BR), breast-conservation surgery (BCS) or mastectomy (M), and whether HR-QoL domains across generic and disease/surgery-specific questionnaires are compatible. Six electronic databases were searched for appropriate observational studies. Standardized scores for different HR-QoL domains in the BR, BCS, and M treatment groups were extracted from each study for the purpose of a meta-analysis. Using Stata version 14.0, a random-effects meta-analysis model was adopted for each outcome variable to estimate the effect size, 95% CI-confidence intervals, and statistical significance. Sixteen of the 18 eligible studies with BR (n = 1474) and BCS (n = 2612) or M (n = 1458) groups were included in the meta-analysis. The BR group exhibited a better physical health (k = 12; 0.1, 95% CI 0.04, 0.24) and body image (k = 12; 0.50, 95% CI 0.10, 0.89) than the M group. However, the two groups exhibited comparable social health (k = 13; 0.1, 95% CI -0.07, 0.37), emotional health (k = 13; -0.08, 95% CI - 0.41, 0.25), global health (k = 7; 0.1, 95% CI - 0.01, 0.27), and sexual health (k =11; 0.2, 95% CI - 0.02,0.57). There was no clear evidence of the superiority of BR to BCS for all the six domains. These results suggest that HR-QoL outcomes in BR and BCS groups are better than the M group. Therefore, women opting for BR or BCS are likely to report fairly better HR-QoL outcomes than M. However, due to the significant heterogeneity observed in most BR versus BCS outcomes, developing a unified questionnaire incorporating both breast/surgery-specific and generic HR-QoL domains is warranted.

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High molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) and low molecular weight kininogen (LMWK) have been purified from sheep (Avis Arias) plasma in three steps involving ammonium sulphate precipitation, column chromatography on Sephacryl-300HR and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose. HMWK gave a single band on native and SDS-PAGE with a molecular weight corresponding to 280 kDa. Under reducing conditions purified HMWK was again resolved to a single band with molecular weight corresponding to 140 kDa indicative of its dimeric nature. LMWK was resolved into two isoforms named as LMWK1 and LMWK2, with an apparent molecular weight of 68 kDa. The yield of HMWK, LMWK1 and 2 was about 8.1, 5.63 and 10.65 respectively. HMWK, LMWK1 and 2 strongly inhibited activities of ficin and papain but not of trypsin, chymotrypsin and bromelain. Ki values estimated for HMWK with papain and ficin was 0.8 and 0.6 nM respectively. Ki values estimated for LMWK1 and 2 with papain were 2.40 and 2.00 nM respectively. Binding of HMWK, LMWK1 and 2 to activated papain were accompanied by pronounced changes in secondary and tertiary structure that are compatible with perturbations of environment of aromatic residues.

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